Munthu aliyense amene adayendera nyanja yotentha mwina adakumana ndi nsomba zam'madzi (ngakhale nsomba zina zimapezeka m'madzi abwino). Mwa zolengedwa izi, 95% yopangidwa ndi madzi, pali zosangalatsa pang'ono. Mukalumikizana nawo mwachindunji, sizowopsa momwe zingathere, ngakhale kungogwira kokha kanyama kodzola ngati kanyama ka jellyfish sikungachititse chidwi. Ngati mulibe mwayi, msonkhano ndi jellyfish ukhoza kuyambitsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Pali zakufa, koma mwamwayi ndizosowa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake ndizosangalatsa kulumikizana ndi jellyfish kudzera pagalasi kapena chowunikira.
1. Ngati titha kuyandikira magulu azamoyo mosamalitsa, ndiye kuti palibe nyama zosiyana zomwe zili ndi dzina loti "Medusa". Mawu awa mu biology amatchedwa nthawi yamoyo yamaselo obaya - nyama, mitundu 11,000 yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa maselo oluma. Maselowa, obisa zinthu zamankhwala osiyanasiyana, amathandizira kupulumuka kusaka ndi kumenyana ndi adani. Jellyfish imapezeka mwa omwe amadya pambuyo pa m'badwo. Choyamba, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timabadwa, kenako timadzimadzi timapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo. Ndiye kuti, nsomba zam'madzi sizibadwa kuchokera ku nsomba zam'madzi, chifukwa chake sizimadziwika kuti ndizosiyana.
2. Ngati mungalembetse mayina a oimira nyama mu injini zosaka za Yandex, m'mizere yoyambirira ya nkhani mutha kupeza ulalo wa tsamba la Wikipedia loperekedwa ku nyamayi. Medusa sanalandire ulemu wotere. Pali ulalo wa tsamba la Meduza, koma tsambali limaperekedwa kumalo otsutsa olankhula Chirasha omwe ali ku Latvia.
3. Maselo obaya a jellyfish ali, mwa mitundu itatu, mitundu itatu: kumamatira, kuboola, ndi kuzungulira. Mosasamala kanthu za makinawo, amatulutsa zida zawo mwachangu kwambiri komanso munthawi yochepa. Kuchulukitsitsa komwe kumakumana ndi ulusi wobaya panthawi yomwe kumenyedwako nthawi zina kumadutsa 5 miliyoni g. Maselo olasawo amachita mdani kapena nyama yomwe ili ndi poizoni, yomwe nthawi zambiri imasankha kwambiri. Maselo omata amalanda nyama zing'onozing'ono, kum'mamatira, ndipo maselo onga ngati malupu amaphimba chakudya chamtsogolo mwachangu kwambiri.
4. Maselo obaya a jellyfish omwe amagwiritsa ntchito poyizoni ngati njira yowonongera angawerengedwe ngati chida chothandiza kwambiri. Ngakhale khungu lofooka kwambiri (kuchokera pakuwona kwa munthu) khungu limatha kupha cholengedwa nthawi zokulirapo masauzande. Zowopsa kwambiri kwa anthu ndi bokosi la nsomba. Nyama yotchedwa jellyfish yotchedwa the sea mavu imakhala kunyanja zakumpoto kwa Australia ndi zilumba zoyandikana ndi Indonesia. Poizoni wake amatsimikizika kuti akhoza kupha munthu mumphindi zitatu. Chida chobisalidwa ndi mavu oluma a m'nyanja chimagwira nthawi imodzi pamtima, pakhungu ndi mwamanjenje amunthu. Kumpoto kwa Australia, zida zoyambira zombo zopulumutsira zili ndi mankhwala olimbana ndi mavu akunyanja, koma opulumutsa nthawi zambiri amakhala kuti alibe nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Amakhulupirira kuti osachepera munthu m'modzi amaphedwa ndi mavu akumwa panyanja. Monga cholimbana ndi mavu apanyanja, makilomita makumi angapo a mipanda yokoka ikukhazikitsidwa pagombe la Australia.
5. Wosambira waku America a Diana Nyad kwa zaka 35, kuyambira 1978, adayesa kusambira mtunda pakati pa Cuba ndi gombe la US. Wothamanga wothamanga anayesa kasanu kuti athetse mbiri ya 170 km. Mosiyana ndi ziyembekezo, chopinga chachikulu sichinali nsombazi, zomwe zimangodzaza madzi a Gulf of Mexico. Nayyad adasokoneza kusambira kwake kawiri chifukwa cha nsomba. Mu Seputembara 2011, kuwotcha kumodzi posakhudzana ndi nsomba yayikulu, yomwe anthu osatsagana nayo sanazindikire, idakakamiza Diana kuti asiye kusambira. Anali kale ndi makilomita 124 kumbuyo kwake. Mu Ogasiti 2012, Nayyad adakumana ndi gulu lonse la jellyfish, adalandidwa 9, ndipo adapuma pantchito makilomita angapo kuchokera pagombe la US. Ndipo kusambira kokha, komwe kunachitika pa Ogasiti 31 - Seputembara 2, 2013, sikungadasokonezedwe ndi nsomba zazikondazo.
6. Poizoni wa jellyfish wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito pakufufuza kwasayansi. Ma poyoni obisika ndimaselo obaya amasankha kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri (ngakhale pali kusiyanasiyana) amakhala ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi kukula kwa wovulalayo. Chifukwa chake, kutengera kafukufuku wamaselo obaya ndi kapangidwe ka ziphe, ndizotheka kupanga mankhwala.
7. Kuyambitsa kwa Israeli "Cine'al" akukonzekera kuyambitsa kupanga zikuluzikulu za zikhomo zachikazi ndi matewera. Jellyfish ndiye zida zopangira zoyambira. Lingaliro, lomwe limawoneka ngati lili pamwamba, popeza kuti nsomba za jellyfish zili 95% yamadzi, matupi awo olumikizana ayenera kukhala otsatsa bwino kwambiri, adayikidwa koyamba ndi Shahar Richter. Wogwira ntchito ku Yunivesite ya Tel Aviv ndi anzawo adalemba zomwe adazitcha "Hydromash". Kuti mupeze, nyama ya jellyfish yopanda madzi imatha, ndipo ma nanoparticles omwe amatha kuwononga mabakiteriya amawonjezeredwa kunkhalangoyi. Chosakanizacho chimapangidwa kukhala cholimba koma chosinthika chomwe chimatenga madzi ambiri. Mapepala ndi matewera apangidwa ndi izi. Njirayi ipangitsa kuti chaka chilichonse azitha kutaya nsomba zam'madzi zokwanira masauzande ambiri, tchuthi chokhumudwitsa komanso mainjiniya amagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, Gidromash imawonongeka kwathunthu mwezi umodzi wokha.
8. Jellyfish imatha kukhala ndi zovundikira zambiri, koma pali bowo limodzi lokha (kupatula Blue Jellyfish - mtundu uwu umakhala ndi bowo pakamwa kumapeto kwa chilichonse). Zimagwira ntchito zathanzi, komanso kuchotsa zinyalala m'thupi, komanso kusanja. Kuphatikiza apo, pakukhatira, nsomba zina zam'madzi zimakonda kuvina, pomwe zimasokererana, ndipo wamwamuna pang'onopang'ono amakokera wamkazi kumuyandikira.
9. Wodziwika bwino wolemba Sir Arthur Conan-Doyle amadziwika, kuwonjezera pa luso lake, komanso chifukwa chololeza zolakwika zambiri, monga kumva njoka, m'mafotokozedwe a oimira nyama. Izi sizibweza kuyenera kwa ntchito zake. M'malo mwake, ngakhale zopanda pake zina zimapangitsa chidwi cha ntchito za Conan Doyle. Chifukwa chake, munkhani ya "The Mane's Mane" Sherlock Holmes akuwulula kuphedwa kwa anthu awiri, kochitidwa ndi nsomba za jelly yotchedwa Hairy Cyanea. Kutentha komwe wakupha womwalirayo ndi nsombayi kumawoneka ngati zipsera zakumenyedwa kwa chikwapu. Holmes, mothandizidwa ndi ngwazi zina za nkhaniyi, adapha cyanea pomuponyera mwala. M'malo mwake, Hairy Cyanea, yomwe ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri, ngakhale kukula kwake (chipewa mpaka 2.5 mita m'mimba mwake, mahema opitilira 30 mita kutalika) sichitha kupha munthu. Poizoni wake, wopangidwa kuti aphe plankton ndi jellyfish, amangoyambitsa moto pang'ono mwa anthu. Tsitsi la Cyanea limakhala pachiwopsezo kwa odwala matendawa.
10. Medusa Turritopsis nutricula kuchokera pamalingaliro amalingaliro amunthu pa moyo atha kuonedwa kuti ndi osakhoza kufa, ngakhale asayansi amapewa mawu akulu otere. Nsombazi zimakhala makamaka m'nyanja zotentha. Atatha msinkhu komanso nthawi zingapo zokulitsa, ena otsala amafa. Turrotopsis, ikakwatirana, imabwereranso kudziko la polyp. Kuchokera ku mtundu wa jellyfish wambiri umakula, ndiye kuti, moyo wa nsomba yomweyo umapitilira mu hypostasis ina.
11. Kumbuyo kwa theka lachiŵiri la zaka za zana la 19, Nyanja Yakuda inali yotchuka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nsomba. Anagwidwa mwakhama ndi asodzi a mayiko onse a m'mphepete mwa nyanja popanda chidwi chilichonse chachitetezo cha mitundu. Koma mu theka lachiwiri la zaka makumi awiri, nsomba zambiri, makamaka nyama zazing'ono monga anchovy ndi sprat, zinayamba kusungunuka pamaso pathu. Kumene magulu onse ankapha nsomba, nsomba zonsezo ankazisiya m'mizere m'modzi. Malinga ndi chizolowezi chodziwika bwino, kuchepa kwa nsomba kunanenedwa ndi munthu amene adaipitsa Nyanja Yakuda, kenako, ndikuwotcha nsomba zonse. Mawu anzeru osungulumwa adamira pomenyera malire, kuletsa, ndi kuwalanga. Mwanjira yamtendere, padalibe chilichonse chochepetsa - asodzi adapita kumadera abwino. Koma katundu wama ankovies ndi ma sprats sanapezeke. Ataphunzira mozama za vutoli, zidapezeka kuti nsomba zidasinthidwa ndi jellyfish. Zowonadi, imodzi mwamitundu yawo ndi Mnemiopsis. Nsombazi sizinapezeke mu Nyanja Yakuda. Ambiri mwina, iwo analowa mu kachitidwe kuzirala ndi zipolopolo ballast wa zombo ndi zombo. Zinthuzo zidakhala zoyenera, panali chakudya chokwanira, ndipo Mnemiopsis adakanikiza nsomba. Tsopano asayansi amangokangana za momwe izi zidachitikira: kaya jellyfish imadya mazira a anchovy, kapena imamwa chakudya chawo. Zachidziwikire, lingaliro loti Nyanja Yakuda yasangalatsa kwambiri jellyfish pakusintha kwanyengo padziko lonse lapansi liyenera kuwonekera.
12. Maso ngati ziwalo zosiyana pakumvetsetsa kwachilengedwe alibe jellyfish. Komabe, zowunikira zowonekera zilipo. Pali zophuka m'mphepete mwa dome. Iwo ali poyera. Pansi pawo pali mandala opangidwa ndi mandala, ndipo chozama kwambiri ndi maselo osanjikizana ndi kuwala. Sizingatheke kuti nsomba zam'madzi zitha kuwerenga, koma zimatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa kuwala ndi mthunzi. Zomwezi zikugwiranso ntchito pazida za vestibular. Jellyfish ilibe makutu ambiri komanso makutu amkati, koma pali chiwalo choyambirira chokhazikika. Analog ofanana kwambiri ndi kuwira kwa mpweya mumadzimadzi mnyumba. Mu jellyfish, mphako yaying'ono yofananira imadzazidwa ndi mpweya, momwe mpira wochepa kwambiri umasunthira, ndikudina mathero a mitsempha.
13. Jellyfish pang'onopang'ono imagwira Nyanja Yonse Yapadziko Lonse. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwawo m'madzi padziko lonse lapansi sikofunikira, komabe kuyimba koyamba kudamveka kale. Ambiri mwa nsomba zam'madzi zimayambitsa mavuto kwa akatswiri opanga maukadaulo. M'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, malo opangira magetsi amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi gombe kuti agwiritse ntchito madzi am'nyanja aulere popangira magetsi. Achijapani, monga mukudziwira, adabwera ndi lingaliro pambuyo pa Chernobyl kuti adzaike ngakhale zida za nyukiliya m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Madzi amakokedwa m'maseketi ozizirirapo atapanikizika kwambiri. Pamodzi ndi iye, nsomba zam'madzi zimagwera m'mapaipi. Maukonde oteteza omwe amateteza machitidwe ku zinthu zazikulu zomwe zikugwera mwa iwo alibe mphamvu motsutsana ndi jellyfish - matupi onga odzola a jellyfish adang'ambika ndikulowetsedwa m'malo ena. Machitidwe ozizira otsekedwa amatha kutsukidwa pamanja, ndipo zimatenga nthawi ndi ndalama zambiri. Sizinachitike mpaka pano pazopanga magetsi a nyukiliya, koma mu Disembala 1999, mwachitsanzo, magetsi adazimitsidwa pachilumba cha Luzon ku Philippines. Popeza nthawi ya zochitikazo (ambiri anali akuyembekezera kutha kwa dziko) komanso komwe kuli (ndale ku Philippines sikunakhazikike), ndikosavuta kuyesa kuchuluka kwa mantha omwe adayamba. M'malo mwake, inali nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zidatseketsa dongosolo lozizira lazipinda zazikulu kwambiri mdzikolo. Mavuto a jellyfish adanenedwa ndi akatswiri amagetsi ochokera ku Japan, USA, Israel ndi Sweden.
14. Ku Burma, Indonesia, China, Japan, Thailand, Philippines ndi maiko ena ambiri aku Asia, nsomba zam'madzi zimadyedwa ndipo zimawoneka ngati chakudya chokoma. Mazana mazana masauzande a nsomba zam'madzi zimagwidwa chaka chilichonse m'maiko amenewa. Komanso, palinso minda ku China yomwe imagwira ntchito yolima "nsomba" zam'madzi. Kwenikweni jellyfish - nyumba zomwe zimakhala ndi mahema osiyanitsidwa - zimauma, zouma ndi kuzifutsa, ndiye kuti, njira zofananira ndizofanana ndi zomwe timachita ndi bowa. Masaladi, Zakudyazi, ayisikilimu komanso caramel amapangidwa kuchokera ku jellyfish. Achijapani amadya jellyfish mwachilengedwe powakulunga m'masamba a bamboo. Mwachidziwitso, nsomba zam'madzi zimawoneka ngati zothandiza kwambiri m'thupi - zili ndi ayodini wambiri ndikutsata zinthu. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti nsomba zam'madzi tsiku lililonse "zimasefa" matani angapo amadzi am'nyanja. Chifukwa cha kuyera kwa Nyanja Yadziko Lonse, izi siziwoneka ngati mwayi. Komabe, Lisa-Ann Gershwin, wolemba buku lodziwika bwino la "Stung: On the Blossom of Jellyfish and the Future of the Ocean", amakhulupirira kuti umunthu ukhoza kupulumutsa nyanja ku jellyfish pokhapokha ikayamba kuzidya.
15. Nsomba zouluka zinauluka mlengalenga. Dr.Dorothy Spangenberg, waku American University of East Virginia, zikuwoneka kuti samakonda kwenikweni anzawo. Pofuna kufufuza momwe mphamvu yokoka imakhudzira zamoyo za anthu obadwira mlengalenga, Dr. Spangenberg pazifukwa zina adasankha jellyfish - zolengedwa zopanda mtima, ubongo komanso dongosolo lamanjenje. Utsogoleri wa NASA udapita kukakumana naye, ndipo mu 1991, pafupifupi 3,000 jellyfish adapita mumlengalenga pa chombo chomenyeranso ndege ku Columbia. Jellyfish adapulumuka ndegeyo mwangwiro - pafupifupi maulendo 20 ena mwa iwo adabwerera ku Earth. Anawo adasiyanitsidwa ndi malo omwe Spangenberg adatcha pulsation anomaly. Mwachidule, nkhono zam'mlengalenga sizimadziwa kuyenda mlengalenga pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokoka.
16. Mitundu yambiri yamtundu wa nkhono zimasambira ndi zomata pansi. Mwa mitundu ikuluikulu, Cassiopeia Andromeda yokha ndiyomwe imasiyanitsa. Nsombazi zokongola kwambiri zimakhala pamwamba pamiyala yamchere ya Nyanja Yofiira. Kunja, sikufanana ndi nsomba zam'madzi, koma munda wokongola wamadzi womwe uli papulatifomu yozungulira.
17. Ambiri aku France mwina sangadandaule ngati frigate yotchedwa "Medusa" sinakhaleko, kapena osakumbukiranso za iyo. Nkhani yomvetsa chisoni yokhudzana ndi Meduza. Sitimayo, kutsatira chilimwe cha 1816 kuchokera ku France kupita ku Senegal, idanyamula akuluakulu oyang'anira atsamunda, asitikali ndi okhalamo. Pa Julayi 2, Meduza adayenda pamtunda wamakilomita 50 kuchokera pagombe la Africa. Sitimayo sinali yotheka kuchotsa m'munsi, idayamba kugwa ndikumenyedwa ndi mafunde, ndikupangitsa mantha. Ogwira ntchitoyo ndi wokwerayo adamanga bwato lalikulu, pomwe adayiwala kutenga kampasi. Raftyo idayenera kukokedwa ndi maboti, momwe, oyang'anira zankhondo ndi akuluakulu adakhala. Bwato lidakokedwa kwakanthawi kochepa - pachizindikiro choyamba chamkuntho, olamulira adasiya milandu yawo, adadula zingwe zonyamula ndikufika kumtunda modekha. Gehena weniweni adamasulidwa padenga. Mdima utayamba, zipolowe zakupha, kudzipha komanso kudya anzawo zidayamba. M'maola ochepa chabe, anthu 150 asandulika nyama zokonda magazi. Iwo anaphana wina ndi mzake ndi zida, akukankhana wina ndi mnzake kuchokera pa raft kupita m'madzi ndikumenyera malo pafupi ndi pakati. Vutoli lidatenga masiku asanu ndi atatu ndipo lidatha ndikupambana kwa gulu logwirizana la anthu 15 omwe adatsalira pa bwato. Adawanyamula atatha masiku anayi. "Mafumu" a phiri asanu adamwalira ndi "chakudya chosazolowereka" popita ku France. Mwa anthu 240, 60 adapulumuka, ambiri mwa omwe apulumuka ndi maofesala ndi akuluakulu omwe athawa. Chifukwa chake mawu oti "Medusa" adakhala achi French ofanana ndi lingaliro la "tsoka lowopsa."
18. Pali Jellyfish Museum ku Kiev. Idatsegulidwa posachedwa ndipo ikukwana muzipinda zitatu zazing'ono. Kungakhale kolondola kunena kuti chiwonetserocho ndichionetsero - ndi gulu chabe lamadzi okwanira 30 okhala ndi mbale zazing'ono zofotokozera. Koma ngati chigawo chazidziwitso cha nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale chimayenda, ndiye kuti mwachisangalalo chilichonse chikuwoneka bwino. Kuunikira kwa buluu kapena pinki kumakuthandizani kuti muwone tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri ta nsomba za jellyfish ndikufanana ndi mayendedwe awo osalala bwino. Nyimbo zosankhidwa bwino zimamveka m'maholo, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti nsomba zam'madzi zimavina. Palibe mitundu yosowa kwambiri kapena yayikulu kwambiri yomwe ikuwonetsedwa, koma pali mitundu yambiri ya jellyfish yomwe ilipo kuti mumve kusiyanasiyana kwa zolengedwa izi.
19. Kusuntha kwa nsomba zam'madzi ndizomveka kwambiri. Kuchedwa kwawo kwakunja kumachitika kokha chifukwa chokana chilengedwe ndi kufooka kwa nsomba zam'madzi zomwezo. Kusuntha, nsomba zam'madzi zimadya mphamvu zochepa. Kulingalira kotereku, komanso kapangidwe ka thupi la jellyfish, zidapatsa Dr. Lee Ristrof waku University ya New York lingaliro kuti apange makina achilengedwe achilendo.Kunja, loboti yowuluka imawoneka ngati kanyama kodyera - ndimapangidwe a mapiko anayi okhala ndi injini yaying'ono komanso yolimbana nayo - koma amawasunga moyenera ngati nsomba. Kufunika kwa mtundu woulukawu ndikuti "mbalame zouluka" sizifunikira ndege zotsika mtengo, zolemetsa komanso zowononga mphamvu.
20. Jellyfish akugona. Mawu awa atha kuwoneka ngati kupusa kopanda tanthauzo, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti nyama zokha zomwe zimakhala ndi mantha kwambiri ndizomwe zimagona. Komabe, ophunzira ku California Institute of Technology, powona kuti nthawi zina nsomba zam'madzi zimachita mosiyana ndikakhudza komweko, adaganiza zowona ngati nyama izi zikugona. Pazoyesera, Cassiopeia Andromeda yomwe yatchulidwa kale idagwiritsidwa ntchito. Jellyfish iyi nthawi ndi nthawi imatulutsa zinyalala m'thupi. Kutulutsa kwamtunduwu kunali ndi pafupipafupi kutulutsa kwa 60 masana. Usiku, mafupipafupi adagwera mpaka 39. Pa gawo lachiwiri la kafukufuku, nsomba zam'madzi zidakwezedwa mwachangu kuchokera kuzama mpaka kumtunda. Atadzuka, nsomba zam'madzi zija zidachitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo, ndikubwerera m'madzi. Usiku, amafunikira nthawi kuti ayambirenso kubwerera. Ndipo ngati samaloledwa kugona usiku, nsomba zam'madzi zimachita modekha kuti zigwire tsiku lotsatira.
