Mpira wamasewera ndiwotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Zaka zopitilira zana ndi theka lakukhalapo, masewerawa asandulika piramidi yamphamvu, yopangidwa ndi mamiliyoni mazana a anthu. Pansi pa piramidi iyi yongopeka ili ndi akatswiri, kuyambira ana akukankha mpira pamalo opanda kanthu kwa amuna olemekezeka omwe amasewera mpira kangapo pamlungu madzulo. Pamwamba pa piramidi ya mpirawo ndi akatswiri omwe ali ndi mapangano awo mamiliyoni ambiri komanso moyo wawo womwe umafanana ndi mapanganowo.
Piramidi ya mpira ili ndi magawo ambiri apakatikati, popanda zomwe sizingatheke. M'modzi mwa iwo ndi mafani, omwe nthawi zina amalemba masamba awo m'mbiri ya mpira. Ntchito zimathandizanso pa mpira, ndikupanga malamulo atsopano ndikumveketsa. Nthawi zina akunja nawonso amathandizira kukulitsa mpira. Chifukwa chake, mainjiniya a John Alexander Brody, omwe adakokedwa kupita ku mpira ndi abwenzi, adadabwa ndimikangano yoti mpira wagunda goli kapena ayi. "Bwanji osapachika ukondewo?" adaganiza, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo ngakhale maukonde ampira - ma 25,000 mafundo - amatchedwa Brody.
Ndipo m'mbiri ya mpira mulibe zambiri zoseketsa, zogwira mtima, zophunzitsanso komanso zomvetsa chisoni.
1. Mu Novembala 2007, Inter Milan idafika mumzinda wa Sheffield ku England pomwe Marco Materazzi ndi Mario Balotelli anali mgululi. Pakukula kwa nyengo ya mpira waku Europe, mlanduwo ndi wocheperako, koma kilabu yaku Italiya sanabwere ku Foggy Albion kuti adzatenge nawo gawo pamasewera a Champions League kapena UEFA Cup panthawiyo. Inter idabwera pamasewera ochezeka polemekeza chaka cha 150th cha kilabu yakale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi - Sheffield FC. Kalabu idakhazikitsidwa ku 1857 ndipo sinakhale katswiri waku England. Komabe, pamasewera akulu. inatha ndi 2: 5, yomwe idapezekapo ndi mfumu ya mpira Pele komanso nyenyezi zambiri zamasewera otsika.
2. Oyang'anira zigoli sanapeze nthawi yomweyo ufulu woseweretsa ndi manja awo. M'malamulo oyamba ampira, sizinatchulidwe za oyang'anira zigoli konse. Mu 1870, osunga zigoli adasankhidwa mbali imodzi ndikuloledwa kukhudza mpira ndi manja awo mkati mwa zigoli. Ndipo mu 1912 mokha, malamulo atsopano adaloleza osunga zigoli kusewera ndi manja awo mdera lonselo.
3. M'masewera ake oyamba, mpira waku Russia adakumana pamasewera a Olimpiki a 1912 ndi timu yadziko la Finland. Dziko la Finland panthawiyo linali gawo la Ufumu wa Russia, koma olamulira atsamunda anali omasuka kwambiri, ndipo a Finns anali ndi ufulu wopikisana nawo pa Masewera a Olimpiki pansi pa mbendera yawo. Timu ya Russia idataya ndi 1: 2. Cholinga chomaliza chidakwaniritsidwa, malinga ndi zomwe atolankhani adachita nthawi imeneyo, ndi mphepo - "adawombera" mpira womwe udawadutsa iwo. Tsoka ilo, "Olimpiki" yotchuka sanagwiritsidwe ntchito panthawiyo, ndipo gulu laku Russia silinapite kwawo atagonjetsedwa. Pamasewera achiwiri, osewera mpira waku Russia adakumana ndi timu yaku Germany ndipo adataya ndi 0:16.
4. Pa Epulo 28, 1923, pa Wembley Stadium yatsopano ku London, masewera omaliza a FA Cup (dzina lovomerezeka la FA Cup) pakati pa Bolton ndi West Ham adachitika. Chaka chapitacho, owonera opitilira 50,000 adabwera ku Stamford Bridge pamasewera ofanana. Omwe adakonza zomaliza mu 1923 adawopa kuti 120,000 Wembley sidzadzaza. Mantha anali achabechabe. Matikiti opitilira 126,000 adagulitsidwa. Chiwerengero chosadziwika cha mafani - zikwi zingapo - adalowa m'bwaloli popanda matikiti. Tiyenera kupereka ulemu kwa apolisi aku London - "ma bobbies" sanayese kuchita zinthu mwankhanza, koma amangoyendetsa mitsinje ya anthu. Maimidwe atadzaza, apolisi adayamba kuloleza owonera kuti akwere panjirayo komanso kunja kwa zipata. Zachidziwikire, unyinji wa owonerera mozungulira bwalo la mpira sunathandizire kutonthoza kwa osewera. Koma mbali inayo. mzaka makumi asanu, kusachitapo kanthu kapena machitidwe olakwika a apolisi adzatsogolera kukumana ndi zoopsa zingapo ndi anthu ambiri. Masewera omaliza a 1923 Football Association Cup adatha popanda kuvulala, kupatula omwe adasewera ku West Ham. Bolton adapambana masewerawa 2-0 ndipo zolinga zonsezi zidathandizidwa ndi omvera. Ponena za chigoli choyamba, sanalole wotetezayo, yemwe anali atangoponya kumene, kumunda, ndipo m'chigawo chomwe chinali ndi cholinga chachiwiri, mpira udawulukira mgoli kuchokera kwa zimakupiza yemwe adayimilira pafupi ndi nsanamira.
5. Mpaka 1875 kunalibe chopingasa pacholinga cha mpira - udindo wake unkaseweredwa ndi chingwe cholumikizidwa pakati pazitsulo. Zikuwoneka kuti zathetsa mkangano wokhudza ngati mpira udawulukira pansi pa chingwe, ndikuponyera, kapena pamwamba pa chingwe, ndikupinda. Koma kunali kupezeka kwa mtanda wolimba womwe unadzetsa mkangano woopsa pafupifupi zaka zana pambuyo pake. Pamasewera omaliza a 1966 World Cup, England - Germany, ndi 2: 2, mpira udatsika pamtanda pambuyo pomenya wosewera waku England a Jeff Hirst. Woyimira mzere kuchokera ku USSR Tofik Bahramov adalamulira wotsutsa wamkulu Gottfried Dienst kuti mpira udutsa mzere wamagoli. Dienst adakwaniritsa cholinga, ndipo aku Britain, omwe adakwanitsanso cholinga china, adakondwerera kupambana kwawo kokha pamipikisano yampira wapadziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, mikangano yokhudza kuvomerezeka kwa chigamulo cha arbitrator waku Germany sichitha mpaka pano. Makanema omwe atsala samathandiza kupereka yankho lomveka bwino, ngakhale, mwina, panalibe cholinga munthawi imeneyi. Komabe, mtanda wopingasa udathandizira aku Britain kuti apambane chikho cha mpikisano.
6. Chofunikira chachikulu cha mphunzitsi wamkulu waku Germany Sepp Gerberger nthawi zambiri amatchedwa kupambana kwa timu yadziko lonse yaku Germany pa 1954 World Cup. Komabe, mutuwo umaphimba njira zatsopano za Gerberger pantchito yake. Amakonda kupita kumizinda ina ndi mayiko kukawona omwe adzapikisane nawo mtsogolo - pamaso pa Gerberger, palibe m'modzi mwa aphunzitsi omwe adachita izi. Komanso, monga gawo lokonzekera timu yadziko pamasewera kapena mpikisano, wophunzitsayo adapita kumalo ampikisano pasadakhale ndikuwunika osati mabwalo okha pomwe masewerawa amachitikira, komanso mahotela omwe azikakhala timu yaku Germany, komanso malo odyera omwe osewera azidyera. Pakati pa zaka makumi awiri, njirayi inali yosintha ndipo inapatsa Gerberger mwayi kuposa anzawo.
7. Sikuti mafashoni amangokhalira kusintha, komanso njira zamasewera. makalabu otsogola tsopano ndi magulu amayiko akukonzekera osewera awo otetezera, ndikupangitsa kuti osewera omwe akutsutsana nawo akhale olakwika. Umu ndi momwe mawonekedwe otetezera amawonekera kuyambira pakubwera kwa mpira mpaka ma 1930. Ndipo mphunzitsi waku Austria, yemwe adagwira ntchito zaka zambiri ku Switzerland, Karl Rappan adapanga luso lomwe pambuyo pake limatchedwa "Rappan's Castle". Chofunika cha njirayi chinali chosavuta, monga chilichonse chabwino. Wophunzitsa yemwe akuchita upainiya adayika m'modzi mwa oteteza pafupi ndi cholinga chake. Chifukwa chake, gululi linali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wazodzitchinjiriza - womenyera kumbuyo adatsuka zolakwika za chitetezo. Anayamba kumutcha "woyeretsa" kapena "libero". Komanso. wotetezerayo amathanso kukhala chida chowukira, cholumikizana ndi ziwopsezo za gulu lake. Ndondomeko ya "kuyeretsa", siyinali yabwino, koma idagwira bwino ntchito mu mpira wapadziko lonse kwazaka zopitilira theka.
8. Tsopano ndizovuta kukhulupirira, koma mu mpira wathu panali nthawi zina pomwe mphunzitsi wa timu yathu adachotsedwa ntchito chifukwa chotsatira malo achiwiri mu Mpikisano wa European. Atapambana mpikisano woyamba mu 1960, gulu ladziko la USSR limayembekezeredwa kubwereza kupambana kwake patadutsa zaka 4. Timu yadziko lonse idachita bwino, koma komaliza adataya ndi timu yaku Spain ndi 1: 2. Chifukwa cha "kulephera" kumeneku, Konstantin Beskov adachotsedwa ntchito. Komabe, panali mphekesera zoti Konstantin Ivanovich adathamangitsidwa osati chifukwa chachiwiri, koma chifukwa chomaliza kuti timu ya Soviet Union idataya gulu la "Francoist" Spain.
9. Champions League amakono siinayambitsidwe konse European Union of Football Associations (UEFA). Kubwerera ku 1927, ku Venice, oyang'anira mpira ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana adagwirizana kuti achite masewera osatchuka kwambiri a Cup of the Mitropa (yofupikitsidwa kuchokera ku Mittel Europa - "Central Europe"). Cup idaseweredwa ndimakalabu olimba kwambiri amayiko omwe akutenga nawo mbali, omwe sanali akatswiri awo. Pakubwera kwa masewera a UEFA, chidwi mu Mitropa Cup chatsika pang'ono, ndipo mu 1992 kujambula kwake komaliza kunachitika. Komabe, ena mwaomwe ali omaliza kumwa chikhochi pali magulu ena ngati "Udinese" aku Italy, "Bari" ndi "Pisa".
10. Mmodzi mwa ophunzitsa otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, Mfalansa Helenio Herrera anali, kunena modekha, mawonekedwe achilendo. Mwachitsanzo, mwambo wokonzekera machesi m'chipinda chake chovekedwa ndi osewera omwe amalumbira kuti azikwaniritsa malangizo ake onse. Popeza Herrera adaphunzitsa makalabu ochokera ku Katolika kwambiri ku Spain ndi Italy, kulumbira kumawoneka kokayikitsa. Kumbali inayi, potengera ntchitoyi, Herrera anali wopanda cholakwika chilichonse. Makalabu omwe amapikisana nawo adapambana mayiko asanu ndi awiri, makapu atatu adziko lonse, ndipo asonkhanitsa makapu athunthu apadziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza Intercontinental. Ndipo Herrera adakhala mphunzitsi woyamba kusonkhanitsa wosewera m'munsi madzulo a masewera ofunikira.
11. Wophunzitsa waku Austria a Max Merkel adatchedwa "mphunzitsi" ndi osewera mpira komanso atolankhani. Mawu amodziwa amadziwika bwino ndi njira zaukadaulo. Komabe, ndizovuta kuyembekezera kukhululuka kozama kuchokera kwa mphunzitsi yemwe anakulira ku Nazi Germany ndikusewera timu ya Luftwaffe. Nthawi zina Merkel anali wopambana. Ndi "Munich" ndi "Nuremberg" adapambana Bundesliga yaku Germany, pomwe "Atletico Madrid" idakhala katswiri waku Spain. Komabe, chifukwa cha maphunziro opitilira muyeso komanso chilankhulo mosaganizira, sanakhale kulikonse kwanthawi yayitali. Nzosadabwitsa kuti ndani amakonda kugwira ntchito ndi SS ndi munthu wina yemwe akuti Spain ikadakhala dziko labwino ngati sikadakhala aku Spain ambiri. Ndipo pafupi umodzi mwamizinda yaku Germany, Merkel adati zabwino kwambiri. chomwe chiri ndi msewu waukulu wopita ku Munich.
12. Joe Fagan adakhala mphunzitsi woyamba ku England kupambana zikho zitatu mu nyengo imodzi. Mu 1984, Liverpool motsogozedwa ndi iye adapambana League Cup, adakhala wopambana pa mpikisano wadziko lonse ndikupambana Champions Cup. Pa Meyi 29, 1985, asanayambe masewera omaliza a Champions Cup motsutsana ndi Italy "Juventus", yomwe idachitikira ku likulu la Belgian ku Brussels, Fagan adathokoza osewerawo pantchito yawo ndikulengeza kuti apuma pantchito. Komabe, osewera a "Liverpool" sanathe kum'patsa mphatso yomutsanzika mu Mpikisano wachiwiri wa Champions Cup nyengo ziwiri. Ndipo mphunzitsiyo sangasangalale ndi chipambanochi. Kutatsala ola limodzi kuti masewera ayambe, mafani aku England adapanga kuphana kwamagazi ku Heysel Stadium, komwe anthu 39 adamwalira ndipo mazana adavulala. Juventus mwina adapambana komaliza komaliza kopanda tanthauzo m'mbiri yamakalabu aku Europe 1-0. Ndipo macheza otsalira a Fagan adakhala masewera otsanzikana ndi magulu onse aku England - pambuyo pa tsoka la Brussels, adasiyidwa zaka zisanu, zomwe zidasokoneza kwambiri mpira waku England.
13. Mu Novembala 1945, ulendo wosaiwalika wa "Dynamo" waku Moscow ku Great Britain udachitika. Ngakhale anali okoma mtima kwambiri kwa anthu aku Soviet, pankhani yampira, aku Britain adadzionabe ngati am'mlengalenga ndipo sanayembekezere kukana kwamphamvu kuchokera ku Russia kosamvetsetseka. Gulu ladziko la USSR silinatenge nawo gawo pamipikisano yapadziko lonse, masewera amakalabu aku Europe anali asadalipo, ndipo zibonga za Soviet zidasewera machesi ochezeka okha ndi anzawo ochokera kumayiko oyandikira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ulendo wa Dynamo wakhala ngati zenera ku Europe. Zonsezi, zidapambana. "Dynamo", yolimbikitsidwa ndi osewera ankhondo Vsevolod Bobrov ndi Konstantin Beskov, adapambana machesi awiri ndikukoka awiri. Chodabwitsa kwambiri chinali kupambana kwa London "Arsenal" ndi 4: 3. Masewerawo adachitika ndi chifunga chachikulu. Anthu aku Britain alimbikitsanso timu yawo ndi osewera ochokera m'matimu ena. Bobrov adatsegula malowo, koma aku Britain adagwiranso ntchitoyi ndikupita ku nthawi yopuma 3: 2. Mu theka lachiwiri, "Dynamo" adakonza zigoli, kenako adatsogolera. Beskov adagwiritsa ntchito luso lapachiyambi - pomwe anali ndi mpira, adagwedezeka pambali, kusiya mpirawo osayima. Wotetezerayo adanjenjemera pambuyo pa womenyera wa Soviet, akumasula njira yonyanyalirayo. Bobrov adagwiritsa ntchito lingalirolo ndikubweretsa Dynamo patsogolo. Pomwe chimaliziro cha masewera chidabwera kutatsala mphindi zisanu khweru lomaliza. Vadim Sinyavsky, yemwe amalankhula pa masewerawa kwa omvera pawailesi yaku Soviet Union, adakumbukira kuti chifunga chidakulirakulira kotero kuti, ngakhale atatuluka ndi maikolofoni kumapeto kwa bwaloli, amangowona osewera okha omwe ali pafupi naye. Pafupi ndi zipata za "Dynamo" panali mtundu wina wachisokonezo, ngakhale kuchokera pakuyimilira kwa maimidwe sikunadziwike zomwe zidachitika - mwina cholinga, kapena Aleksey Khomich, yemwe anali wowala panthawiyo, adayambitsa izi. Sinyavsky amayenera kubisa maikolofoni ndikupeza kuchokera kwa Mikhail Semichastny, yemwe anali m'maso, zomwe zidachitika. Wachiwiriyo adafuula: "Homa watenga!" Ndipo Sinyavsky adafalitsa tirade yayitali yonena za momwe Aleksey Khomich adatulutsira mpira pakona yakumanja ndikuponya modabwitsa. Masewera atatha, zidapezeka kuti Sinyavsky adalankhula zonse molondola - Khomich adamenyadi mpira ukuwulukira "zisanu ndi zinayi" kumanja, ndipo adalandira chisangalalo kuchokera kwa mafani aku England.
14. Masewera ampira, chifukwa cha kuwulutsa komwe Ivan Sergeevich Gruzdev adatsala pang'ono kugwa pansi pa gulu lowombera pamanambala otchuka pawailesi yakanema "Malo Osonkhana Sangasinthidwe," adachitika pa Julayi 22, 1945. Mufilimuyi, monga mukudziwa, mmodzi wa mboni amakumbukira kuti adawona Gruzdev, yemwe udindo wake umasewera ndi Sergei Yursky, panthawi yomwe Matvey Blanter akuyenda pawailesi - kuwulutsa kwa machesi kunayamba ndikutha naye. Wasayansi wazamalamulo Grisha "zisanu ndi chimodzi mphambu zisanu ndi zinayi" nthawi yomweyo akuwonetsa kuti "Dynamo" ndi CDKA zidasewera, ndipo "yathu" ("Dynamo" inali kalabu ya Ministry of Internal Affairs) idapambana 3: 1. Makhalidwe abwino a Lev Perfilov adanenanso kuti payenera kukhala cholinga chachinayi, koma "... chilango choyera ...", mwachiwonekere, sanapatsidwe. Olemba filimuyo, abale a Weiner, ayenera kuti amadalira kukumbukira kwawo pofotokoza zochitikazo, koma adapanga zifukwa zingapo (zoposa zaka 30 zinali zitadutsa nthawi yomwe kanemayo adajambulidwa) zolakwika. Malo amisonkhano amayamba mu Ogasiti 1945 - masewerawa adachitika osachepera sabata imodzi Larisa Gruzdeva asanaphedwe. Ndipo masewerawa adatha ndi 4: 1 mokomera "Dynamo". Panalinso kick kick pa cholinga cha Dynamo, ndipo adamenyedwa kawiri - wopanga zigoli wa Dynamo Alexey Khomich adayamba kumenya mpira, koma adachoka pamzere asanamenye, kenako Vladimir Demin adasinthiratu mita 11.
Owonerera a 199,000 adadza pa 16 Julayi 1950 kubwalo la Maracanã ku Rio de Janeiro. Masewera apomaliza omaliza omaliza a FIFA World Cup pakati pa magulu aku Brazil ndi Uruguay anali ngati masewera pakati pa mkwati ndi mkwatibwi, yemwe ali ndi pakati pa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri - aliyense amadziwa zotsatira zake pasadakhale, koma zoyenera zimayenera kuchita mwambowo. Anthu akuBrazil ku World Cup yakunyumba adasewera nawo osewera nawo. Ndi timu yamphamvu kwambiri yaku Switzerland yomwe idakhala ndi mwayi - machesi ake ndi Brazil adatha ndi 2: 2. Anthu aku Brazil adamaliza masewera onsewa pogwiritsa ntchito zigoli ziwiri. Omaliza ndi Uruguay amawoneka ngati mwamwambo, ndipo ngakhale malinga ndi malamulo aku Brazil, zinali zokwanira kusewera. Mchigawo choyamba, matimu adalephera kutsegula akaunti. Patatha mphindi ziwiri kuyambiranso kwamasewera, Friasa adabweretsa anthu aku Brazil patsogolo, ndipo zikondwerero zofananira zidayamba kubwaloli komanso kudera lonselo. A Uruguay, chifukwa cha ulemu wawo, sanataye mtima. Pakati pa theka lachiwiri, Juan Alberto Schiaffino adafanizira malowo, ndikuwononga kwathunthu timu yadziko la Brazil. Ndipo mu miniti ya 79th, mwamunayo, za katchulidwe ka dzina lake pomwe pali kutsutsana, adatumiza ku Brazil kukalira.Alcides Edgardo Gidzha (dzina lodziwika bwino la dzina lake "Chiggia") adapita pachipata chakumanja ndikutumiza mpirawo muukonde kuchokera pachimake. Uruguay idapambana 2: 1, ndipo tsopano Julayi 16 ikukondwerera mdzikolo ngati tchuthi mdziko lonse. Chisoni cha a ku Brazil chinali chosaneneka. Mafani amakono azolowera kuzimva komanso kubwereranso modabwitsa, koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti pakati pa zaka makumi awiriwa panali dongosolo lamasewera ochepa kwambiri, ndipo masewera ofunikira amatha kuwerengedwa ndi zala za dzanja limodzi chaka chilichonse. Kenako komaliza kunyumba komaliza pa World Cup ...
