Zarathushtrawodziwika bwino monga Zarathustra - woyambitsa Zoroastrianism (Mazdeism), wansembe komanso mneneri, yemwe adapatsidwa Vumbulutso la Ahura-Mazda ngati Avesta - lemba lopatulika la Zoroastrianism.
Mbiri ya Zarathustra ili ndi zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa kuchokera m'moyo wake wachipembedzo.
Chifukwa chake, nayi mbiri yayifupi ya Zarathustra.
Mbiri ya Zarathustra
Zarathustra adabadwira ku Rades, womwe ndi umodzi mwamizinda yakale kwambiri ku Iran.
Tsiku lenileni lobadwa kwa Zarathustra silikudziwika. Amakhulupirira kuti anabadwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 7 mpaka 6. BC. Komabe, kusanthula kwa Ghats (gawo lalikulu lamalemba opatulika a Zoroastria) kunayambira nthawi yomwe mneneriyo adachita zaka 12-10. BC.
Mtundu wa Zarathustra umadzetsanso mpungwepungwe pakati pa olemba mbiri yake. Mabuku osiyanasiyana amati ndi a Aperisi, Amwenye, Agiriki, Asuri, Akasidi, ngakhalenso Ayuda.
Olemba mbiri akale achi Muslim, kudalira zolemba zakale za Zoroastrian, adati Zarathustra idabadwira ku Atropatena, m'chigawo cha Iran Azerbaijan wamakono.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Malinga ndi a Ghats (nyimbo 17 zachipembedzo za mneneri) Zarathustra adachokera pagulu lakale la ansembe. Kuphatikiza pa iye, makolo ake - bambo ake Porushaspa ndi amayi ake Dugdova anali ndi ana ena anayi.
Mosiyana ndi abale ake, pakubadwa Zarathustra sanalire, koma anaseka, akuwononga ziwanda za 2000 ndi kuseka kwake. Zomwe ndi zomwe mabuku akale akunena.
Malinga ndi mwambo wawo, mwana wakhanda ankasambitsidwa ndi mkodzo wa ng'ombe ndikutsekedwa pakhungu la nkhosa.
Kuyambira ali mwana, Zarathustra akuti adachita zozizwitsa zambiri, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mdima uzisilira. Asitikaliwa adayesa kangapo kuti aphe mnyamatayo, koma sizidaphule kanthu, chifukwa adatetezedwa ndi mphamvu yaumulungu.
Dzina la mneneriyo linali lofala panthawiyo. M'lingaliro lenileni, limatanthauza - "mwini ngamira wakale."
Ali ndi zaka 7, Zarathustra adadzozedwa kukhala wansembe. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti chiphunzitsochi chidafalikira pakamwa, popeza nthawi imeneyo anthu aku Iran anali asanakhale ndi chilankhulo.
Mwanayo ankachita nawo maphunziro azikhalidwe komanso mawu ena oloweza pamtima omwe adatsalira kuchokera kwa makolo awo. Ali ndi zaka 15, Zarathustra adakhala mantran - wophatikiza ma mantras. Adalemba nyimbo zachipembedzo ndi maluso andakatulo.
Mneneri
Nthawi ya Zarathustra imawonedwa ngati nthawi yakuchepa kwamakhalidwe. Ndiye m'malo monse munali nkhondo, ndipo nsembe zankhanza komanso zamizimu zimachitikanso.
Chikhulupiriro (kupembedza milungu yambiri) chidafalikira kudera la Iran. Anthu amapembedza zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe, koma posakhalitsa zambiri zidasintha. Kuti alowe m'malo opembedza milungu yambiri Zarathustra adabweretsa chikhulupiriro mwa Modzi Wanzeru - Ahura Mazda.
Malinga ndi zolemba zakale, ali ndi zaka 20, Zarathustra adasiya zofuna zosiyanasiyana za thupi, adaganiza zokhala moyo wolungama. Kwa zaka 10, adayendayenda padziko lapansi kufunafuna vumbulutso la Mulungu.
Zarathustra adalandira vumbulutso ali ndi zaka 30. Izi zidachitika tsiku lina kasupe atapita kumtsinje kukatunga madzi.
Atafika pagombe, mwamunayo mwadzidzidzi adawona cholengedwa china chowala. Masomphenyawo adamuyitana ndipo adatsogolera kwa ena owala 6.
Mmodzi mwa anthu owalawa anali Ahura Mazda, yemwe Zarathustra adalengeza kuti ndi Mlengi, yemwe adamuyitana kuti adzatumikire. Zitatha izi, mneneriyu adayamba kuuza abale ake mapangano a mulungu wake.
Zoroastrianism idayamba kutchuka tsiku lililonse. Posakhalitsa inafalikira ku Afghanistan, Central Asia ndi South Kazakhstan.
Chiphunzitso chatsopanochi chidayitanitsa anthu ku chilungamo ndikusiya zoipa zilizonse. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti nthawi yomweyo Zoroastrianism sinali kuletsa miyambo ndi kupereka nsembe.
Komabe, nzika zaku Zarathustra zinali zokayikira zomwe amaphunzitsa. Amedi (kumadzulo kwa Iran) adaganiza zosasintha chipembedzo chawo, kumthamangitsa mneneriyo m'maiko awo.
Atatha ukapolo, Zarathustra adayendayenda mizinda zosiyanasiyana kwa zaka 10, nthawi zambiri akukumana ndi mayesero ovuta. Anapeza yankho pakulalikira kwake kummawa kwa dzikolo.
Zarathustra idalandiridwa ndi ulemu ndi mutu wa Aryeshayana - boma lomwe limakhala m'chigawo cha Turkmenistan ndi Afghanistan wamakono. Popita nthawi, malangizo a Ahura Mazda, pamodzi ndi maulaliki a mneneri, adalandidwa pa zikopa za ng'ombe za 12,000.
Adaganiza zoyika buku lopatulika lalikulu, Avesta, mosungira chuma chamfumu. Zarathustra iyemwini adapitilizabe kukhala kuphanga lomwe lili m'mapiri a Bukhara.
Zarathustra amadziwika kuti ndi mneneri woyamba yemwe adafotokoza zakupezeka kwa kumwamba ndi helo, zakubukanso pambuyo paimfa ndi chiweruzo chomaliza. Adanenanso kuti chipulumutso cha munthu aliyense chimadalira zochita zake, mawu ake ndi malingaliro ake.
Chiphunzitso cha mneneri chokhudza kulimbana pakati pa mphamvu zabwino ndi zoyipa chimafanana ndi zolemba za m'Baibulo ndi malingaliro a Plato. Nthawi yomweyo, Zoroastrianism imadziwika ndikukhulupirira kuyera kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zamoyo, monga zolengedwa za Ahura-Mazda, chifukwa chake kufunika kuzisamalira.
Masiku ano, madera a Zoroastrian apulumuka ku Iran (Gebras) ndi India (Parsis). Komanso, chifukwa cha kusamuka kochokera m'maiko onse awiriwa, madera akutukuka ku United States ndi Western Europe. Pakadali pano pali anthu 100,000 padziko lapansi omwe amachita Zoroastrianism.
Moyo waumwini
Panali akazi atatu mu mbiri ya Zarathustra. Nthawi yoyamba adakwatira wamasiye, ndipo nthawi zina ziwiri adakwatira anamwali.
Atakumana ndi Ahura Mazda, mwamunayo adalandira pangano, malinga ndi momwe munthu aliyense ayenera kusiya ana. Kupanda kutero, adzawonedwa ngati wochimwa ndipo sadzawona chisangalalo m'moyo. Ana amapereka moyo wosafa mpaka nthawi yomaliza.
Mkazi wamasiyeyo anabereka ana awiri a Zarathushtra - Urvatat-nara ndi Hvara-chitra. Atakhwima, oyamba adayamba kulima minda ndikuchita zoweta ng'ombe, ndipo wachiwiri adachita nawo zankhondo.
Kuchokera kwa akazi ena, Zarathushtra anali ndi ana anayi: mwana wa Isad-vastra, yemwe pambuyo pake adakhala wansembe wamkulu wa Zoroastrianism, ndi ana akazi atatu: Freni, Triti ndi Poruchista.
Imfa
Wopha Zarathustra anali M'bale-resh Tur. Modabwitsa, adayamba kufuna kupha mneneri wamtsogoloyo akadali khanda. Wopha mnzake adayesanso patatha zaka 77, ali kale nkhalamba yofooka.
Brother-resh Tur mwakachetechete adapita kunyumba ya Zarathustra pomwe amapemphera. Atadzuka kwa womenyedwayo kumbuyo, adaponya lupanga kumbuyo kwa mlalikiyo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo adadzipha yekha.
Zarathustra adawoneratu imfa yachiwawa, chifukwa chake adakonzekera masiku 40 omaliza a moyo wake.
Akatswiri achipembedzo amati pakapita nthawi, masiku makumi anayi a mapemphero a mneneri adasandulika zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana kukhala masiku 40 atamwalira. Mu zipembedzo zingapo, muli chiphunzitso chakuti mzimu wamwalirowo umakhalabe mwa anthu masiku makumi anayi atamwalira.
Tsiku lenileni la kumwalira kwa Zarathustra silikudziwika. Amakhulupirira kuti adamwalira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1500-1000. Zarathustra adakhala zaka 77.
