Genetics ndi sayansi yosangalatsa kwambiri. Apulofesa osawerengeka komanso ofufuza apansi akhala akuthandiza anthu wamba nkhani zakwaniritsidwa kwawo kwazaka zambiri. Amapeza kosatha, kuzindikira, kuvumbula ndikumasulira zinthu zamtundu uliwonse. Kuchokera pa nkhani ya majini, titha kuphunzira kuti mabakiteriya ali ndi majini omwe amalimbana ndi maantibayotiki, chifukwa chiyani nyongolotsi zochokera ku Bermuda zimanyezimira, momwe anthu aku Indochina adachulukirachulukira m'mbuyomu, ndipo ngakhale, ngakhale kusinthika kosakwanira kwa miluza ya anthu ndizoyenera. Palibe mayankho othandiza pazotheka za akatswiri azamoyo.
Payokha, ndikofunikira kukhala pa nkhandwe ya Dolly, yomwe imadziwika kwambiri kuposa nyenyezi iliyonse ya pop. Osati zokhazo, malinga ndi kutanthauzira koyenera kwa m'modzi mwa otsutsawo, njira yofananira yopezera nkhosa yatsopano ndikutenga nawo gawo la nkhosa imatha kutenga nthawi yocheperako ndipo ingakhale yotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa kutenga nawo mbali asayansi. Dolly adangokhala theka la nthawi yopatsidwa ndi nkhosa - zaka 6 m'malo mwa 12 - 16 - ndipo adamwaliranso chifukwa chosadziwika. Chifukwa chake, panali nkhosa yotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi, yomwe adawona apulofesa, koma sichidziwika ndi zomwe zidafa. Funso loti bwanji kuyeserera kwakanthawi yayitali komanso kwamtengo wapatali kuyambitsidwa nthawi yomweyo kumakanidwa ngati kosayenera - adazipanga! Ndipo kuyambira pamenepo, agalu, amphaka, ngamila, ng'ona, ndi ma macaque adapangidwa kale, Mwa njira ina mutu wokhomerera pang'onopang'ono udayamba kusokonekera. Makope a nyama sakanatha kukhala mosangalala mpaka kalekale. Kuphatikiza apo, zidapezeka kuti zolembedwazo sizolondola - chilengedwe chimakhudzabe ...
M'dziko lathu, chibadwa chili ndi mbiri yake. Za iye, akuti, pansi pa Stalin adati anali msungwana wonyenga wa imperialism, ndipo ma genetics onse adawonongedwa pamodzi ndi ma genist. M'malo mwake, panali zovuta zina zasayansi zopeza ndalama ndi chisamaliro cha akuluakulu. Gulu limodzi la asayansi, lotsogozedwa ndi T. Lysenko, adalankhula za mitundu yatsopano yazomera, zokolola zochuluka, ndi zina. Mbali inayo inkafuna kupanga sayansi yoyera, osalonjeza chilichonse chofulumira kapena chilichonse. Ndipo sanamenyane ndi majini onse, koma ndi imodzi yokha mwa mphukira zake, zotchedwa "Weismanism-Morganism". Nthawi yomweyo, Institute of Genetics, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1933, sinasiye ntchito yake. Ikugwira ntchito tsopano. Ndipo mndandanda wazokwaniritsa zomwe Soviet and kenako Russian geneticists zikuphatikiza kulemba buku komanso "ntchito zambiri zasayansi". Sayansi yapamwamba sinapange aliyense kusangalala ndi mitundu yatsopano ya zomera kapena mitundu yatsopano ya nyama. Akupitiliza kupeza ndikupeza. Makamaka, kuti:
1. Ngati muli ndi mwayi wokwanira kuwona gulugufe wokhala ndi mapangidwe osiyana kotheratu pamapiko ake, dziwani kuti ndi hermaphrodite. Chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa chibadwa, gulugufe wotereyu amakhala ndimakhalidwe achikazi komanso achimuna.
2. Mu 1993, ku United States kunabadwa mtsikana. Mwanayo adabadwa wathanzi, koma adakula pang'onopang'ono. Kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza kuti magawo omaliza a ma chromosome amafupikitsidwa m'thupi la mtsikanayo, zomwe zimawalepheretsa kulumikizana. Mtsikanayo anakhala zaka 20. Kulemera kwake kwakukulu kunali makilogalamu 7.2, msinkhu wake unkawerengedwa zaka 8 ndi mano ake, komanso miyezi 11 ndikukula kwamalingaliro.
3. Ku Taiwan mu 2006, tiana ta nkhumba tinabadwa, thupi lawo linawala mumdima. Asayansi apambana potulutsa mwana wosabadwa wamapuloteni m'mimba mwa DNA ya nkhumba. Ana a nkhumbazo ankawoneka obiriwira ngakhale masana, ndipo ziwalo zawo zamkati zimawoneka mumdima.
4. Anthu aku Tibet amakhala mwamtendere pamalo okwera kwambiri kotero kuti anthu osaphunzitsidwa ochokera kuzidikha amatha kukhala m'masiki a okosijeni okha. Highlanders ali ndi chibadwa cha jini chomwe chimakulitsa hemoglobin yomwe imapezeka m'magazi, motero amapeza mpweya wokwanira ngakhale kuchokera kumlengalenga woonda.
5. Mfumu Charles II, Habsburg womaliza pampando wachifumu ku Spain, anali mbadwa ya mabanja ambiri ogwirizana. Iye analibe agogo aakazi anayi ndi agogo aamuna, koma awiri okha. Chifukwa chowawa, Karl adalandira dzina loti "Kulodzedwa". Anakhala zaka 39 zokha, zambiri zomwe zidadwala.
6. Aliyense amadziwa kuti maubwenzi apamtima siabwino. Koma ngati anthu awiri obadwa kuchokera pachibale atayamba chibwenzi, mwana wawo amakhala wathanzi kuposa makolo. Zotsatira zake zimatchedwa "heterosis" - mphamvu yophatikiza.
7. Maubale apamtima amathandizanso ng'ombe za mtundu wabuluu waku Belgian. Ng'ombe zamtunduwu, zomwe zimapereka nyama yambiri yowonda, zidapezeka mwangozi - mthupi la ng'ombe imodzi jini lidasinthidwa lomwe limayambitsa kupanga mapuloteni omwe amaletsa kuchuluka kwa minofu. Adabereketsa mtunduwu popanda chibadwa chilichonse, ndipo adaphunzira za kusintha kwa majini pambuyo pake. Mwaukadaulo, zidapezeka kuti ng'ombe ziyenera kusakanizidwa ndi abale apafupi kwambiri.
8. Gulu la konsati ya Madonna limaphatikizapo gulu lapadera la anthu omwe ntchito yawo ndikungowononga chilichonse chomwe chingakhale ndi DNA ya woyimbayo. Gulu ili limatsuka mosamala zipinda za hotelo, zipinda zovekera, zamkati zamagalimoto ndi zipinda zina momwe Madonna anali kwakanthawi kochepa.
9. Chifukwa chosiyana chibadwa, anthu aku East Asia amavutika kwambiri ndi fungo losasangalala la thukuta. Sizokhudza ngakhale majini osiyanasiyana, koma mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya jini lomweli. Mu mtundu wa "European", jini ili limayang'anira ntchito yopanga mapuloteni kuchokera kuthukuta. Mabakiteriya amawononga mapuloteniwa ndikupanga fungo losasangalatsa. Anthu aku Asia samatulutsa mapuloteni ndi thukuta, ndipo kununkhira kulibe vuto.
10. A cheetah onse okhala pa Dziko Lapansi atha kukhala mbadwa za gulu limodzi lokha, adapulumuka mozizwitsa mu Ice Age. DNA yamtundu uliwonse imakhala yofanana, pomwe pamitundu yodziwika kwambiri mwangozi sipitilira 80%. Ichi ndichifukwa chake cheetah, ngakhale anthu akuyesetsa kwambiri, akumwalira.
11. Chimera mu majini ndi thupi lomwe mumakhala maselo osiyanasiyana. Chitsanzo chabwino ndikuphatikizira mazira awiri m'modzi. Izi zitha kubweretsa matenda osowa kwenikweni, koma nthawi zambiri chimerism imatha kupezeka ndi kuyesa magazi kwambiri. Makamaka, American Lydia Fairchild adadabwa kwambiri kudziwa kuti, malinga ndi kuyesa kwa DNA, si mayi wa ana awiri omwe alipo kale ndipo wachitatu yemwe ali ndi pakati. Fairchild anali chimera.
12. Pafupifupi 8% ya DNA yaumunthu ndi zotsalira za ma virus omwe adalandilidwa kale ndi makolo athu akutali. Chimodzi mwazotsalirazi chimapezeka mu DNA ya pafupifupi nyama zonse zoyamwitsa ndipo akuti ali ndi zaka 100 miliyoni.
13. Pali jini, kuchotsedwa kwake kumatha kupangitsa munthu kukhala wanzeru. Choyamba chidapezeka mu mbewa, omwe ana awo, atachotsa jini ili, adakhala anzeru kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, jiniyo idapezeka mu DNA ya munthu. Pakadali pano, chidwi cha asayansi chimapereka kuopa kulola genie kuti atuluke mu botolo - sizikudziwika kuti kukhumudwitsidwa kumeneku kungabweretse mavuto otani.
14. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, nzika yaku Switzerland idalephera kulowa ku United States - sakanakhoza kusindikizidwa chala chifukwa chosowa kwathunthu mizere yapa papillary. Zojambula zala zidakhala zopanda mphamvu pa addermatoglyphia - kusapezeka kwa zolemba zala chifukwa cha kusintha kwa jini lomwe lidayambitsa.
15. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti nsabwe zam'mutu zinasunthira nsabwe za mthupi zaka pafupifupi 170,000 zapitazo. Izi zidapangitsa kuti pakhale kumaliza kudziwa pomwe anthu adayamba kuvala zovala pafupipafupi.
