Anthu aku Europe adadziwana bwino ndi ma koala zaka 200 zapitazo, koma panthawiyi nyama zokongolazi zokongola sizinangogwira nyama yotchuka kwambiri ku Australia, kupatula kangaroo, komanso imodzi mwazinyama zotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Aliyense kamodzi, koma adakhudzidwa ndi cholengedwa ichi chofanana ndi mwana wa chimbalangondo wokhala ndi makutu a Cheburashka komanso mawonekedwe achidwi.
Mwachilengedwe, ma koala amakhala ku Australia kokha, komanso kumalo osungira nyama, komwe amamera bwino, ndi nyenyezi zenizeni osati chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo, komanso chifukwa cha kusunthika kwawo komanso nthawi yomweyo osasunthika. Ngati pali ma koala kumalo osungira nyama, mutha kudziwiratu kuti alendo ochulukirapo, makamaka ang'onoang'ono, adzakhala pafupi ndi malo awo.
Maonekedwe a koala akusocheretsa: nyama yokwiya muukali imatha kuukira munthu. Tiyeni tiyesere kufotokoza zowerengeka pazinyama zosangalatsa izi.
1. Azungu adakumana koyamba ndi koalas mu 1798. M'modzi mwa ogwira ntchito kubwanamkubwa wa New South Wales, a John Price, adati ku Blue Mountains (amapezeka kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Australia) mumakhala nyama yofanana ndi wombat, koma siyikhala m'mabowo, koma m'mitengo. Zaka zinayi pambuyo pake, zotsalira za koala zidapezeka, ndipo mu Julayi 1803, nyuzipepala ya Sydney idasindikiza malongosoledwe a mtundu wina waposachedwa. Ndizodabwitsa kuti ma koala sanawonedwe ndi mamembala a James Cook mu 1770. Maulendo a Cook adasiyanitsidwa ndi chisamaliro chapadera, koma, zikuwoneka kuti, moyo wokhala okha wa ma koala udawalepheretsa kuti atulukire.
2. Koala si zimbalangondo, ngakhale zili zofanana kwambiri. Sikunali kokha mawonekedwe oseketsa a nyama omwe adathandizira chisokonezo. Okhazikika ku Britain oyamba ku Australia adatcha nyamayo "chimbalangondo cha Koala" - "Koala chimbalangondo". Kuchokera kwa omwe kale anali mndende komanso anthu wamba ku Britain kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, zinali zovuta kuyembekezera kuwerenga wamba, osatinso zachilengedwe. Inde, ndipo asayansi adagwirizana pamgwirizano wa koala a kalasi yama marsupial koyambirira kwa zaka zikubwerazi. Zachidziwikire, m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, kuphatikiza "Koala chimbalangondo" kumveka kwa anthu ambiri.
3. Koala ndi mtundu winawake wamtundu weniweni. Achibale oyandikira kwambiri okhala m'nkhalango za eucalyptus ndi ma wombat, koma amakhalanso kutali kwambiri ndi koala potengera moyo ndi zamoyo.
4. Kupatula malo osungira zachilengedwe ndi malo osungira nyama, ma koala amakhala ku Australia kokha, komanso pagombe lakum'mawa komanso zilumba zoyandikana nazo. Chitsanzo cha koala chikuwonetsa momveka bwino kuti anthu aku Australia saphunzitsidwa mwamtheradi ndi zovuta zakubalalika kwa mitundu yazinyama mdziko muno. Atadziwotcha pa nthiwatiwa, akalulu ngakhale amphaka, m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri mwachidwi adayamba kukhazikitsa koalas. Komanso sizinangobwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa ma marupial awa ku South Australia omwe adachepa chifukwa chodula mitengo. A koal adasamutsidwa kupita ku Yanchepe National Park ndi zilumba zingapo kuchokera kugombe lakumpoto chakum'mawa kwa dzikolo. Dziko la koala lakula mpaka makilomita 1,000,0002, koma tikhoza kungokhulupirira kuti mpumulo komanso zabwino za ma koala zithandizira kupewa mavuto azotsatira zachilengedwe. Ngakhale pachilumba cha Kangaroo, komwe ma koala adabweretsedwamo mokakamiza, kuchuluka kwawo kudafika 30,000, zomwe zidapitilira kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Lingaliro lakuwombera 2/3 laanthu lidakanidwa chifukwa likuwononga chithunzi cha dzikolo.
5. Kutalika kwa thupi kwa koala ndi 85 cm, kulemera kwake ndi 55 kg. Ubweya umasiyana kutengera komwe kumakhala - utoto wake umachokera ku siliva kumpoto mpaka bulauni wakuda kumwera. Kukonzekera kotereku kukuwonetsa kuti subspecies ziwiri zosiyana zimakhala kumpoto ndi kumwera, koma lingaliro ili silinatsimikizidwebe.
6. Zakudya za koala ndizapadera. Kuphatikiza apo, zimangokhala ndi zakudya zazomera. Zomera zimapukusidwa pang'onopang'ono komanso moperewera, zomwe zimakakamiza nyama kuti idye nthawi yayitali pachakudya. Zakudya za koala zimangokhala ndi masamba a bulugamu, omwe ndi owopsa kwa nyama zina zonse. Amakhala ndi mankhwala a terpene ndi phenolic, ndipo mphukira zazing'ono zimakhalanso ndi hydrocyanic acid. Ndizodabwitsa kuti ma koala amatenga chisakanizo cha hellish chotere cha makilogalamu (500 g - 1 kg patsiku) osavulaza thanzi. Pambuyo pofufuza za majini, zidapezeka kuti mu genome ya nyama izi pali majini apadera omwe amachititsa kuti ziphe ziwonongeke. Kafukufuku omwewo awonetsa kuti malilime a koala ali ndi masamba apadera omwe amatha kuwunika nthawi yomweyo chinyezi cha tsamba la bulugamu - chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti chitha kuyamwa. M'malo mwake, pakunyambita pang'ono tsamba, koala imadziwa kale ngati ingadye. Ndipo komabe, ngakhale ali ndi kuthekera koteroko, koala imakhala ndi maola 20 patsiku kuti idye komanso kugaya chakudya m'maloto.
7. Chakuti koala amagona kwambiri ndipo amatha kukhala pamtengo womwewo kwa masiku sizitanthauza kuti kuthekera kwamagalimoto a nyama iyi kumakhala kochepa. Ma Koala amangokhala opanda kothawira. Mwachilengedwe, adani awo ndi malingaliro a Dingo, koma pakuwukira ndikofunikira kuti marsupial ipite pamalo otseguka, ndipo galu amayandikira - koala imatha kuthamanga mpaka 50 km / h patali pang'ono. Pakati pamasewera olimbirana, amuna amatha kupanga duel yamagazi, momwe angawonetse kuwongola ndi kuthamanga kwa magwiridwe antchito, mu nkhani iyi, pansi pa mkono, kapena m'malo mwake, pansi pa zikhadabo zazikulu zakuthwa, ndibwino kuti musakumane ndi munthu. Komanso ma koala amadumpha mosunthika kuchokera pamtengo kupita pamtengo ndipo amadziwa kusambira. Chabwino, kutha kwawo kukwera mitengo ikuluikulu ndi nthambi komanso ngakhale kupachika pa khola limodzi kwanthawi yayitali kwakhala chizindikiro cha nyama zokongolazi.
8. Achibale ndi majeremusi ndi owopsa kwambiri kuposa adani akunja a koala. Ma koala achichepere ambiri amamenya nkhondo ndi anthu odziwa zambiri kapena chifukwa cha kugwa kwamitengo (ndipo zimachitikadi - madzi amtundu wa cerebrospinal mu chigaza nthawi zambiri amafotokozedwa ndikufunika kochepetsa kukomoka akagwa kuchokera kutalika). Ma koala ambiri amakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timayambitsa matenda a conjunctivitis, cystitis, sinusitis, ndi matenda ena. Ngakhale kutsika kwakanthawi kochepa, ma koala amatha kutenga chibayo chifukwa cha mphuno. Koala ali ndi mnzake wa AIDS, koala immunodeficiency virus.
9. Kulemera kwa ubongo ndi 0.2% yokha ya kulemera kwathunthu kwa koala. Kufukula, ndi kukula kwa zigaza zawo, kukuwonetsa kuti ubongo wamakolo azinyama izi unali wokulirapo. Komabe, ndi kuphweka kwa zakudya ndi kusowa kwa adani, kukula kwake kunakhala kopitilira muyeso. Tsopano pafupifupi theka la chigaza cha m'kati mwa chigaza cha koala chili ndi madzimadzi a cerebrospinal.
10. Ma Koala amaswana mofanana ndi momwe amakhalira. Kukula msinkhu kumachitika mchaka chachitatu cha moyo wawo, chomwe chimatha zaka 12-13 zokha. Nthawi yomweyo, akazi amatenga zibwenzi kamodzi pa zaka 1 - 2, samakonda kubereka ana awiri, nthawi zambiri m'modzi. Amuna amawaitana ndi timadzi tomwe timatulutsa timadzi tambiri komanso kulira. Mimba imatenga mwezi wopitilira pang'ono, mwana wamwamuna amabadwa wocheperako (wolemera magalamu opitilira 5) ndipo kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira amakhala mchikwama cha amayi. Kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yotsatira, samatulukanso kwa amayi ake, koma ali kale kunja kwa thumba, atamamatira ku ubweya. Ana akafika chaka chimodzi amadzilamulira okha. nthawi yomweyo, akazi amapita kukafunafuna gawo lawo, ndipo amuna amatha kukhala ndi amayi awo kwa zaka zingapo.
11. Ma koala achimuna ali ndi zingwe zamawu zapadera zomwe zimawalola kuti azitha kumveka mokweza mosiyanasiyana. Monga anthu, mawu amakula ndikukula. Aamuna achichepere, amantha kapena ovulala, amatulutsa kufuula kofanana ndi kwa ana aanthu. Kulira kwa abambo okhwima ogonana kumakhala kotsika kwambiri ndipo kumaphunzitsa zambiri. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti kulira kwa koala kumatha kuopseza ochita nawo mpikisano ndikukopa akazi. Kuphatikiza apo, kamvekedwe kofuulira kamakhala ndi zidziwitso (nthawi zambiri zimakokomezedwa) za kukula kwa munthuyo.
12. Ma Koala apulumuka kuphedwa kwawo komwe. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za makumi awiri, adawomberedwa ndi mamiliyoni, ubweya wokongola kwambiri udayamikiridwa. Kusaka kunali koletsedwa mu 1927, koma anthu sanapezenso. Pambuyo pake, mapaki angapo a koala ngakhalenso chipatala chapadera adakonza ku Australia. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa nyengo, kuwonongedwa kwa nkhalango ndi anthu komanso moto wamnkhalango, kuchuluka kwa ma koala kumachepa mosalekeza.
13. Umwini wa ma koala ndiwosaloledwa padziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale pakhoza kukhala mtundu wina wamalonda mobisa - chipatso choletsedwa chimakhala chokoma nthawi zonse. Koma kuti muwone ma marsupials awa, sikofunikira kwenikweni kuti mupite ku Australia - kuli ma koala m'malo osungira nyama ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi chakudya choyenera komanso chisamaliro mu ukapolo, amakhala ndi moyo wautali kuposa momwe amakhala ali omasuka, ndipo amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 20. Nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale ali ndi nzeru zochepa, amawonetsa kukondera ogwira nawo ntchito, kusangalala kapena kukhala opanda chidwi ngati ana ang'ono.
14. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka makumi awiri, kangaroo ngati chizindikiro cha nyama ku Australia idadutsa kangaroo. Mu 1975, kafukufuku wapaulendo aku Europe ndi Japan omwe akulowa mu kontrakitala adawonetsa kuti 75% ya alendo angakonde kuwona koala poyamba. Ndalama zolowa m'mapaki ndi malo osungidwa ndi koala panthawiyo zinali pafupifupi $ 1 biliyoni. Chithunzi cha koala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani otsatsa, kuwonetsa bizinesi ndi ma logo padziko lonse lapansi. A Koala ndi omwe amatchulidwa m'mafilimu ambiri, makanema apawailesi yakanema, makatuni ndi masewera apakompyuta.
15. Australia ili ndi gulu lodzipereka lothandiza kupulumutsa nyama. Nthawi ndi nthawi, ogwira nawo ntchito amayenera kuthandiza nyama zomwe zagwidwa mwangozi kapena pangozi. Pa Julayi 19, 2018, ogwira ntchitoyo adapita ku SA Power Networks 'Happy Valley yamagetsi ku South Australia. Koala yatsekedwa mu mpanda wa aluminium, momwe imatha kukwawa mosavuta. Opulumutsa anamasula nyamayo mosavuta, zomwe zimachita modabwitsa modekha. Kukhazikika uku kudafotokozedwa mophweka - wopanda mwayi wamatsenga anali atachita kale ndi anthu. Pakhosi pake panali chikwangwani chomwe chimati koala idapulumutsidwa kale itagundidwa ndi galimoto.
