M'buku "zaka 20 pambuyo pake," Athos, akukonzekera mfumukazi yaku England a Henrietta kuti amve za kuphedwa kwa amuna awo, akuti: "... mafumu kuyambira pakubadwa adayimilira kwambiri kotero kuti Kumwamba kwawapatsa mtima wokhoza kupirira zovuta zamtsogolo, zosapilira kwa anthu ena". Tsoka, mawu awa ndiabwino kuti buku lanthano. M'moyo weniweni, mafumu nthawi zambiri sanasankhidwe Osankhidwa Akumwamba, koma anthu wamba, ngakhale anthu wamba, osakonzekeretsa kokha ziwombankhanga, koma ngakhale nkhondo yoyambira kupulumuka.
Emperor Nicholas II (1868 - 1918), pomwe anali wolowa m'malo, adalandira maphunziro onse kuti athe kulamulira Ufumu waukulu waku Russia. Anakwanitsa maphunziro, anatumikira Regiment, kuyenda, nawo ntchito za boma. Mwa mafumu onse aku Russia, mwina Alexander II yekha ndiomwe anali wokonzekera bwino udindo wamfumu. Koma wolowa m'malo mwa Nicholas adalowa mu mbiri ngati Liberator, ndipo, kuphatikiza kumasulidwa kwa alimi, adachita zina zambiri zopambana. Nicholas II adatsogolera dzikolo ku tsoka.
Pali lingaliro, lomwe lidakhala lotchuka makamaka banja lachifumu litakhala m'gulu la ofera, kuti Nicholas II adamwalira kokha chifukwa cha zokopa za adani ambiri. Mosakayikira, mfumuyo inali ndi adani okwanira, koma uku ndi nzeru kwa wolamulira kuti apange adani kukhala abwenzi. Nikolay, ndipo chifukwa cha khalidwe lake, komanso chifukwa cha chikoka cha mkazi wake, sanachite bwino.
Mwachidziwikire, Nicholas II akadakhala moyo wautali komanso wachimwemwe ngati akadakhala mwini malo kapena wankhondo wokhala ndi udindo wa wamkulu. Zingakhalenso zabwino ngati banja la august likadakhala laling'ono - mamembala ake ambiri, ngati sichoncho, mwachindunji, adachita nawo kugwa kwa banja la Romanov. Asanatengeredwe, banjali lachifumu lidapezeka mulibe - aliyense adawasiya. Kuwombera m'nyumba ya Ipatiev sikunali kosapeweka, koma panali malingaliro - mafumu omwe anasiya sankafunika ndi aliyense ndipo anali owopsa kwa ambiri.
Ngati Nicholas sanali mfumu, akadakhala chitsanzo. Mwamuna wokonda, wokhulupirika komanso bambo wabwino. Wokonda masewera ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi. Nikolai anali wokoma mtima nthawi zonse kwa iwo omuzungulira, ngakhale sanakhutire nawo. Ankadzilamulira bwino kwambiri ndipo sanachite monyanyira. M'moyo wachinsinsi, Emperor anali pafupi kwambiri ndi malingaliro.
1. Monga akuyenera ana onse achifumu, onse a Nicholas II ndi ana awo adalembedwa ntchito ndi anamwino. Zinali zopindulitsa kwambiri kudyetsa mwana wotere. Namwino anali atavala komanso kuvala nsapato, adalipira ndalama zambiri (mpaka 150 rubles) ndikumumangira nyumba. Ulemu wa Nikolai ndi Alexandra kwa mwana wawo yemwe akuyembekezeredwa kwa nthawi yayitali ukuwonetsedwa chifukwa chakuti Alex anali ndi anamwino osachepera asanu. Ma ruble opitilira 5,000 adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwapeza ndikubwezera mabanja.
Nyumba ya Namwino Nikolai ku Tosno. Chipinda chachiwiri chinamalizidwa pambuyo pake, koma nyumbayo idali yayikulu mokwanira
2. Poyambira, munthawi yomwe Nicholas II anali pampando wachifumu, anali ndi asing'anga awiri. Mpaka 1907, Gustav Hirsch anali dokotala wamkulu wa banja lachifumu, ndipo mu 1908 Yevgeny Botkin adasankhidwa kukhala dokotala. Anali ndi ufulu wopeza ma ruble 5,000 amisonkho ndi ma ruble 5,000 am'kachisi. Izi zisanachitike, malipiro a Botkin monga dokotala mdera la Georgiaievsk anali ochepa ma ruble 2,200. Botkin sanali mwana wamankhwala wodziwika komanso dokotala wabwino kwambiri. Adatenga nawo gawo pankhondo ya Russo-Japan ndipo adapatsidwa ma Orders a St. Vladimir IV ndi III madigiri ndi malupanga. Komabe, kulimba mtima kwa ES Botkin ngakhale popanda lamulo kumatsimikizika ndikuti dotolo adagawana nawo tsogolo la omwe adamupatsa korona atagwidwa ndi Nicholas II, mpaka kuchipinda chapansi cha Ipatiev House. Dokotala anali wolemekezeka kwambiri. Anthu omwe ali pafupi ndi banja lachifumu amatchulidwa mobwerezabwereza m'malemba awo kuti zinali zosatheka kudziwa chilichonse chokhudza thanzi la Nicholas II, Mfumukazi kapena ana ochokera ku Botkin. Ndipo dokotala anali ndi ntchito yokwanira: Alexandra Feodorovna anali ndi matenda angapo, ndipo ana sakanatha kudzitama ndi mphamvu yapadera yathanzi.
Doctor Evgeny Botkin anamaliza ntchito yake mpaka kumapeto
3. Doctor Sergei Fedorov adakhudza kwambiri tsogolo la Nikolai ndi banja lake lonse. Atachiritsa Tsarevich Alexei ku matenda oopsa a hemophilia, Fedorov adalandira udokotala. Nicholas II adayamika kwambiri malingaliro ake. Pomwe mu 1917 funso loti abdication lidabuka, Fedorov adaganiza kuti Emperor adakhazikika, nasiya mchimwene wake Mikhail - adotolo adamuwuza kuti Alex akhoza kumwalira nthawi iliyonse. M'malo mwake, Fedorov adayika kukakamiza kwa mfumu - kufooka kwa mwana wake.
4. Anthu 143 adagwira ntchito mgulu la Kitchen la Imperial Kitchen. Amatha kufunsanso othandizira ena 12 pakati pa anthu ophunzitsidwa mwapadera ena. Kwenikweni tebulo la tsar lidalinso m'malo mwa 10 omwe amatchedwa. "Mundkohov", osankhidwa mwapamwamba pantchito yophika. Kuphatikiza pa gawo la Kitchen, munalinso vinyo (anthu 14) ndi magawo a Confectionery (anthu 20). Poyambira, oyang'anira mutu wa zakudya zachifumu anali achi French, Olivier ndi Cuba, koma anali ndi utsogoleri wabwino. Mwachizolowezi, khitchini inkatsogoleredwa ndi Ivan Mikhailovich Kharitonov. Wophika, monga Dr. Botkin, adawomberedwa limodzi ndi banja lachifumu.
5. Potengera ma diaries ndi zolemba zomwe zidatsalira za Nicholas II ndi Alexandra Feodorovna, moyo wawo wapamtima udalinso wamphepo ngakhale atakula. Nthawi yomweyo, usiku waukwati wawo, malinga ndi zomwe Nikolai adalemba, adagona msanga chifukwa chakumutu kwa omwe angokwatirana kumene. Koma zolemba ndi makalata omwe adatsatiridwa, a 1915-1916, pomwe okwatirana anali opitilira 40, amafanana ndi makalata a achinyamata omwe angophunzira kumene chisangalalo chogonana. Pogwiritsa ntchito zonena zowonekera, okwatiranawo sanayembekezere kuti makalata awo adzaulutsidwa pagulu.
6. Ulendo wachifumu ku chilengedwe nthawi zambiri umawoneka ngati uwu. Pamalo osankhidwa, atachotsedwa tchire (mwa njira zonse pafupi ndi madzi, pier yaying'ono idakonzedwa ku yacht "Standart") adayika sod yatsopano, adaswa hema ndikuyika matebulo ndi mipando. Kona mumthunzi kunkawoneka ngati kupumula, malo opumira dzuwa adayikidwa pamenepo. Otsatirawo adapita kukatenga "strawberries". Mnyamata wapaderayu adakometsa zipatso zomwe adabwera nazo ndi ma almond, ma violets ndi mandimu, pambuyo pake chakudyacho chidagwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma mbatata zinkaphikidwa ndikudya ngati anthu wamba, kudetsa manja ndi zovala zawo.
Picnic mumkhalidwe womasuka
7. Ana onse a Nyumba ya Romanov adachita zolimbitsa thupi mosalephera. Nicholas II ankamukonda moyo wake wonse. Mu Zima Palace, Alexander III analinso ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi abwino. Nikolai anapanga bala yopingasa mchimbudzi chachikulu. Adapanga kufanana kwa bala yopingasa ngakhale m'ngolo yake yanjanji. Nikolai ankakonda kukwera njinga ndi kupalasa. M'nyengo yozizira, amatha kusowa kwa maola ambiri pa rink. Pa June 2, 1896, Nikolai adapanga tenisi yake, ndikulowa kukhothi pamunda wa mchimwene wake Sergei Alexandrovich. Kuyambira tsiku lomwelo, tennis idakhala masewera othamangitsa amfumu. Makhothi adamangidwa m'malo onse okhala. Nikolay nayenso ankasewera zachilendo - ping-pong.
8. Paulendo wa banja lachifumu ku "Standart", miyambo yachilendo idatsatiridwa. Ng'ombe yayikulu yokazinga ya Chingerezi idapatsidwa tsiku lililonse pachakudya cham'mawa. Mbale yomwe anali nayo anayiyika patebulo, koma palibe amene anakhudza nyama yowotayo. Chakumapeto kwa chakudya cham'mawa, mbaleyo idatengedwa ndikupatsidwa kwa antchito. Mwambowu udabuka, makamaka, pokumbukira Nicholas I, yemwe amakonda chilichonse Chingerezi.
Chipinda chodyera pa bwato lachifumu "Standart"
9. Poyenda kudutsa Japan, Tsarevich Nikolai adalandira ngati zikwangwani zapadera osati zipsera zakumenyedwa kawiri kumutu ndi lupanga. Anadzipangira tattoo ya chinjoka kudzanja lake lamanzere. Achijapani, pomwe mfumu yamtsogolo yanena izi, adadabwa. Malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha pachilumbachi, ma tattoo adangolembedwera kwa zigawenga zokha, ndipo kuyambira 1872 kudaletsedwanso kuzilembalemba. Koma ambuyewo, mwachiwonekere, adatsalira, ndipo Nikolai adagwira chinjoka chake.
Ulendo wa Nikolai wopita ku Japan udalankhulidwa kwambiri ndi atolankhani
Njira yophikira khothi lachifumu idafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane "Malamulo ...", dzina lonse lomwe lili ndi mawu 17. Inakhazikitsa mwambo woti woperekera zakudya wamkulu amagula chakudya pamtengo wawo, ndikulipidwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe adadya. Pofuna kupewa kugula zinthu zopanda pake, woperekera zakudya wamkulu adapereka ndalama kwa 5,000 ndalama kwa aliyense wothandizira ndalama - kotero kuti, zikuwoneka kuti panali china choti amulipire. Ndalama zimachokera ku ma ruble 100 mpaka 500. Emperor, payekha kapena kudzera mwa wamkulu wankhondo, adadziwitsa oyang'anira mutuwo momwe gome liyenera kukhalira: tsiku lililonse, zikondwerero kapena miyambo. Chiwerengero cha "zosintha" zasintha moyenera. Patebulo la tsiku ndi tsiku, mwachitsanzo, zopuma zinayi zidapatsidwa kadzutsa ndi chakudya chamadzulo, ndi nthawi yopuma 5 nkhomaliro. Zakudya zazing'onoting'ono zimawerengedwa kuti ndizoperewera kotero kuti ngakhale atalemba motalikirapo adatchulidwa kuti adutsa: 10 - 15 zokhwasula-khwasula malinga ndi woperekera zakudya pamutu. Oyendetsa mutuwo amalandira ma ruble 1,800 pamwezi okhala ndi nyumba kapena ma ruble 2,400 opanda nyumba.
Khitchini mu Winter Palace. Vuto lalikulu linali kutumiza chakudya mwachangu kuchipinda chodyera. Pofuna kutentha kwa michere, mowa umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndowa mukamadya kwambiri.
11. Mtengo wa chakudya cha Nicholas II, banja lake ndi okondedwa ake, unali, pakuwona koyamba, ndalama zambiri. Kutengera ndi moyo wabanja lachifumu (ndipo zidasintha kwambiri), kuyambira ma ruble 45 mpaka 75 zikwi adagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhitchini. Komabe, ngati tilingalira kuchuluka kwa chakudya, ndiye kuti ndalamazo sizikhala zazikulu - pafupifupi ma ruble a 65 pachakudya chilichonse chosintha 4 kwa anthu angapo. Ziwerengerozi zikugwirizana ndi zaka zoyambirira za zaka makumi awiri, pomwe banja lachifumu limakhala moyo wotsekedwa. M'zaka zoyambirira zaulamuliro, ndalama zake zinali zochuluka kwambiri
12. Olemba zakale ambiri akuti Nicholas II adakonda mbale zosavuta muzakudya. Sizokayikitsa kuti uwu unali mtundu wina wamtsogolo, zomwe zidalembedwa za mafumu ena. Ambiri mwina, zoona zake n'zakuti, malinga ndi miyambo, restaurateurs French anaikidwa mutu woperekera zakudya. Onse awiri Olivier ndi Cuba adaphika bwino, koma mumayendedwe a "malo odyera". Ndipo kudya motere kwa zaka, tsiku ndi tsiku, ndizovuta. Chifukwa chake mfumuyo idalamula botvinu kapena zidebe zokazinga, atangokwera "Standart". Ankadanso nsomba zamchere ndi caviar. Panjira yochokera ku Japan, mumzinda uliwonse wamfumu yamtsogolo, adapatsidwa mphatsozi za mitsinje ya Siberia, zomwe pakuwotcha zidabweretsa ludzu losapiririka. Chifukwa cha zokoma, Nikolai adadya zomwe adaleredwa, ndipo nthawi zonse amadana ndi zokoma za nsomba.
Nikolay sanaphonye konse mwayi wolawa chakudya kuchokera mumphika la msirikali
13. M'zaka zitatu zapitazi zaulamuliro, dotolo wamano adabwera kubanja lachifumu kuchokera ku Yalta. Odwala achifumuwo adagwirizana kuti apirire ululuwo masiku awiri, pomwe dokotala wamazinyo Sergei Kostritsky adapita ku St. Petersburg pa sitima. Palibe umboni wa zozizwitsa zilizonse pantchito ya mano. Mwachidziwikire, Nikolai adakonda Kostritsky nthawi yachilimwe ku Yalta. Dokotala amalandira malipiro okhazikika - pafupifupi ma ruble 400 pa sabata - popita ku St. Petersburg, komanso ndalama zolipirira maulendo ndiulendo uliwonse. Mwachiwonekere, Kostritsky analidi katswiri wabwino - mu 1912 adadzaza dzino kwa Tsarevich Alexei, ndipo pambuyo pake, mayendedwe aliwonse olakwika a boron amatha kupha mnyamatayo. Ndipo mu Okutobala 1917, Kostritsky adapita kwa odwala ake kudzera ku Russia, woyaka kwambiri - adabwera kuchokera ku Yalta kupita ku Tobolsk.
Sergei Kostritsky anachitira ndi banja lachifumu ngakhale atagwidwa
14. Mwachidziwikire, makolo adazindikira nthawi yomweyo kuti Aleksey wakhanda adadwala hemophilia - kale m'masiku oyamba a moyo wachisoni wa mwana, adadwala magazi nthawi yayitali kudzera mu umbilical. Ngakhale anali achisoni kwambiri, banja lidakwanitsa kubisa matendawa kwanthawi yayitali. Ngakhale zaka 10 pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa Alexei, mphekesera zosiyanasiyana za matenda ake zidafalikira. Mlongo wa Nikolai Ksenia Aleksandrovna adamva za matenda owopsa a wolowa m'malo mwake patatha zaka 10.
Tsarevich Alexey
15. Nicholas II analibe chizolowezi chomwa mowa mwauchidakwa. Ngakhale adani omwe amadziwa zomwe zimachitika kunyumba yachifumu amavomereza izi. Mowa umadyedwa patebulo nthawi zonse, mfumu imatha kumwa magalasi angapo kapena kapu ya champagne, kapena samatha kumwa. Ngakhale panthawi yomwe amakhala kutsogolo, pagulu la amunawo, mowa unkamwa moyenera kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mabotolo 10 a vinyo adadyera anthu 30. Ndipo kuti amatumikiridwa sizitanthauza kuti anali ataledzera. Ngakhale, zachidziwikire, nthawi zina Nikolai adadzilamulira ndipo amatha, m'mawu ake omwe, "kunyamula" kapena "kuwaza". Kutacha mamawa, mfumuyi idazindikira machimo muzolemba zake, kwinaku ikusangalala kuti idagona bwino kapena idagona bwino. Ndiye kuti, palibe funso pakudalira kulikonse.
Vuto lalikulu kwa amfumu ndi banja lonse linali kubadwa kwa wolowa m'malo. Aliyense, kuyambira mautumiki akunja mpaka mabishopu wamba, amadzaza bala ili. Alexandra Fedorovna adapatsidwa upangiri wazachipatala komanso zabodza. Nicholas adalimbikitsidwa maudindo abwino kwambiri oberekera wolowa nyumba. Panali makalata ambiri kotero kuti Chancellery adaganiza kuti asawapititse patsogolo (ndiye kuti, asadzinenere kwa amfumu) ndikusiya zilembozo osayankhidwa.
17. Mamembala onse am'banja lachifumu anali ndi omtumikira ndi operekera zakudya. Njira yolimbikitsira antchito kukhothi inali yovuta kwambiri komanso yosokoneza, koma kwakukulu idakhazikitsidwa pamalingaliro a ukalamba ndi cholowa munjira yomwe antchito amapita kuchokera kwa bambo kupita kwa mwana wamwamuna, ndi zina zambiri. nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi ina yakudya kwawo kwakukulu, wantchito wachikulireyo, ndikuyika nsomba kuchokera m'mbale yayikulu mu mbale ya Mfumukazi, adagwa, ndipo nsombazo zidathera pa diresi la Alexandra Feodorovna, mwina pansi. Ngakhale adakhala wazaka zambiri, wantchitoyo adasowa mtengo wogwira. Mwa kuthekera kwake, adathamangira kukhitchini. Odyerawo anali osamala, kunamizira kuti palibe chomwe chachitika. Komabe, wantchitoyo, yemwe adabwera ndi nsomba yatsopano, adadumphira pachidutswa cha nsomba ndipo adagweranso zotsatira zake, palibe amene adatha kudziletsa kuti asaseke. Monga mwalamulo, antchito pazomwe adachitidwazo adalangidwa mwalamulo - adasamutsidwa kupita kumalo otsika kwa sabata limodzi kapena kutumizidwa kuti akapumule.
18. M'ngululu ya 1900, ulamuliro wa Nicholas II ukadatha kutha chifukwa cha imfa yake. Emperor adadwala kwambiri malungo a typhoid. Matendawa anali ovuta kwambiri kotero kuti anayamba kulankhula za dongosolo la cholowa, ndipo ngakhale mfumukaziyi inali ndi pakati. Kusintha kwa zinthu kwabwino kunabwera kokha mwezi ndi theka matendawa atayamba. Nikolai sanalembepo kalikonse mu zolemba zake kwa mwezi - koyamba komanso komaliza m'moyo wake. "Njira yowala" ku Yalta poyamba idatchedwa "Tsarskoy" - idaboola mwachangu kuti mfumu yomwe ikubwezeretsa iziyenda pamtunda.
Nthawi yomweyo atadwala
19. Anthu ambiri amasiku ano amadziwa kuti Nicholas II adagwira ntchito molimbika. Komabe, ngakhale m'mafotokozedwe awo achifundo, tsiku logwira ntchito lamfumu silikuwoneka lotopetsa komanso lopusa. Mwachitsanzo, mtumiki aliyense anali ndi tsiku lake loti afotokozere asanadye chakudya cham'mawa. Zikuwoneka kuti ndizomveka - mfumu imawona nduna iliyonse panthawi yake. Koma funso loyenera limabuka: chifukwa chiyani? Ngati palibe zochitika zapadera muzochitika zautumiki, bwanji tikufunikira lipoti lina? Kumbali inayi, ngati pakhoza kukhala zovuta zina, a Nikolai amatha kukhala osatheka kwa nduna. Ponena za nthawi yonse yogwira ntchito, Nikolai amagwira ntchito osapitirira maola 7 - 8 patsiku, nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako. Kuyambira 10 mpaka 13 koloko amalandila nduna, kenako adadya kadzutsa ndikuyenda, ndikupitiliza maphunziro ake kuyambira 16 mpaka 20 koloko.Mwambiri, monga m'modzi mwa olemba zikumbukiridwezi adalemba, zinali zosowa pomwe Nicholas II amatha kukhala tsiku lonse ndi banja lake.
20. Chizolowezi choipa chokha cha Nikolay chinali kusuta. Komabe, panthawi yomwe mphuno yothamanga idayimitsidwa ndi cocaine, zakuti kusuta kumatha kukhala kovulaza, makamaka sanaganize. Emperor amasuta kwambiri ndudu, amasuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri. Aliyense m'banjamo amasuta, kupatula Alexei.
21. Nicholas II, monga ambiri omwe adamutsogolera pampando wachifumu, adapatsidwa Order ya St. George, IV degree. Emperor anali wokhudza mtima kwambiri komanso wokondwa kwambiri ndi mphotho yoyamba, yomwe sanalandire kutengera mtundu wa munthu, koma chifukwa chazankhondo. Koma George sanawonjezere udindo pakati pawo. Zochitika pakukwaniritsa kwa amfumu "feat" kufalikira ndi liwiro la moto wapa nkhalango. Kunapezeka kuti Nicholas II ndi wolowa nyumba, paulendo wopita kutsogolo, anafika kutsogolo kwa asilikali Russian. Komabe, ngalande zaku Russia ndi ngalande za adani mdera lino zidasiyanitsidwa ndi mzere wopanda mbali mpaka makilomita 7 mulifupi. Kunali nkhungu, ndipo panalibe malo a adani amene anali kuwonekera. Ulendowu udawonedwa ngati chifukwa chokwanira choperekera mwana wake mendulo ndi lamulo kwa abambo ake. Kudzipereka komweko sikunkawoneka kokongola kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale aliyense nthawi yomweyo adakumbukira kuti Peter I, onse atatu Alexander, ndi Nicholas I adalandira mphotho zawo chifukwa chotenga nawo mbali pankhondo ...
Kutsogolo ndi Tsarevich Alexei
