Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, kusintha kwa zinthu padziko lonse kunali mlengalenga. Zopanga ukadaulo wapamwamba, zomwe asayansi atulukira, ntchito zachikhalidwe zimawoneka kuti zikunena: dziko liyenera kusintha. Anthu azikhalidwe anali ndi mawonekedwe osintha mochenjera kwambiri. Opita patsogolo kwambiri mwa iwo adayesa kukwera funde lomwe limangowonjezera. Adapanga mayendedwe ndi malingaliro atsopano, adapanga mitundu yatsopano yazofotokozera ndikuyesera kupanga zaluso. Zinkawoneka kuti pafupifupi, ndipo umunthu udzakwera pamwamba kwambiri, kumasuka ku unyolo waumphawi ndi kulimbana kosatha kwa chidutswa cha mkate pamlingo wa munthu, pamlingo wamayiko ndi mayiko. Sizokayikitsa kuti ngakhale omwe anali osamala kwambiri akanaganiza kuti kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamtunduwu kukapatsidwa chopukusira nyama choyambirira cha Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse.
Mu nyimbo, m'modzi mwa opanga padziko lapansi anali wolemba nyimbo waku Russia Alexander Nikolaevich Scriabin (1872 - 1915). Iye sanangopereka ndalama zambiri pakukweza njira zowonetsera nyimbo ndikupanga ntchito zingapo zoimbira. Scriabin anali woyamba kuganizira za nzeru za nyimbo komanso momwe zimathandizira muzojambula zina. M'malo mwake, anali Scriabin yemwe amayenera kuonedwa kuti ndi amene adayambitsa mtundu wa nyimbo. Ngakhale kuthekera kwakanthawi kotsatira izi, Scriabin molimba mtima adaneneratu zomwe zingachitike chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi nyimbo ndi utoto munthawi yomweyo. Pamakonsati amakono, kuyatsa kumawoneka ngati chinthu chachilengedwe, ndipo zaka 100 zapitazo amakhulupirira kuti gawo la kuwala ndikulola wowonera awone oyimba pa siteji.
Ntchito yonse ya A. N. Scriabin imadzazidwa ndi chikhulupiriro pazotheka kwa Munthu, zomwe wolemba, monga ambiri panthawiyo, adawona zopanda malire. Izi mwayi tsiku lina zidzatsogolera dziko ku chiwonongeko, koma imfa iyi sidzakhala chochitika chomvetsa chisoni, koma chikondwerero, kupambana kwa mphamvuzonse za Munthu. Chiyembekezo choterocho sichikuwoneka chokongola kwenikweni, koma sitinapatsidwe kuti timvetsetse zomwe akatswiri anzeru zakumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20 adamvetsetsa ndikumva.
1. Alexander Scriabin adabadwira m'banja lolemekezeka. Abambo ake anali loya omwe adalowa nawo ntchito zokometsera. Amayi a Alexander anali limba waluso kwambiri. Ngakhale masiku asanu asanabadwe, adasewera konsati, pambuyo pake thanzi lake lidayamba kuchepa. Mwanayo anabadwa wathanzi, koma kwa Lyubov Petrovna, kubereka kunali tsoka. Pambuyo pawo adakhala chaka china. Chithandizo chokhazikika sichinathandize - Amayi a Scriabin adamwalira ndi kumwa. Bambo wa wakhanda anatumikira kunja, kotero mnyamatayo akuyang'aniridwa ndi azakhali ake ndi agogo ake.
2. Kukonzekera kwa Alesandro kudadziwonetsera koyambirira kwambiri. Kuyambira ali ndi zaka 5, adalemba nyimbo piyano ndikuwonetsa zisudzo zake m'malo owonetsera ana omwe adamupatsa. Malinga ndi miyambo ya banja, mnyamatayo adatumizidwa ku Cadet Corps. Pamenepo, ataphunzira za kuthekera kwa mnyamatayo, sanamukakamize kulowa machitidwe ambiri, koma, m'malo mwake, adapereka mwayi wonse wachitukuko.
3. Pambuyo pa Corps, Scriabin nthawi yomweyo adalowa Moscow Conservatory. Mukuphunzira kwake, adayamba kulemba ntchito zokhwima. Aphunzitsi adazindikira kuti, ngakhale chopin idawonekera bwino, nyimbo za Scriabin zinali ndi zoyambira.
4. Kuyambira ali mwana, Alexander adadwala matenda akumanja - chifukwa chazolimbitsa nyimbo zomwe nthawi zambiri amkagwira ntchito, osalola Scriabin kugwira ntchito. Matendawa anali, mwachiwonekere, chifukwa chakuti, ali mwana, Alexander adasewera limba yekha, osati kuti adadzaza ndi nyimbo. Nanny Alexandra adakumbukira kuti pamene opitawo, akupereka piyano yatsopano, mwangozi adakhudza pansi ndi mwendo wa chida, Sasha adalira - adaganiza kuti piyano imamva kuwawa.
5. Wofalitsa mabuku wotchuka komanso wopereka mphatso zachifundo Mitrofan Belyaev adathandizira kwambiri talente wachichepereyo. Iye sanangofalitsa ntchito zonse za wolemba, komanso adakonza ulendo wake woyamba kudziko lina. Kumeneko nyimbo za Alexander zidalandiridwa bwino, zomwe zidamasula mphatso yake. Monga zimachitikira komanso ku Russia, gulu la oimba linali lodzudzula chifukwa chakuchita bwino mwachangu - Scriabin mwachidziwikire anali kunja kwa nyimbo zambiri, ndipo zatsopano komanso zosamvetsetseka zimawopseza ambiri.
6. Ali ndi zaka 26, A. Scriabin anasankhidwa kukhala pulofesa wa Moscow Conservatory. Oimba komanso olemba nyimbo ambiri angaganize zakusankhidwa koteroko, angaganize kuti kusankhidwa koteroko ndi dalitso ndipo kungachitike malowa bola atakhala ndi mphamvu. Koma kwa pulofesa wachichepere Scriabin, ngakhale atakumana ndi zovuta zazikulu zachuma, uprofesa unkawoneka ngati malo omangidwa. Ngakhale, ngakhale anali pulofesa, wolemba nyimboyo adatha kulemba nyimbo ziwiri. Margarita Morozova, yemwe amalimbikitsa anthu ojambula, adamupatsa Scriabin penshoni yapachaka, nthawi yomweyo adasiya ntchito ku Conservatory, ndipo mu 1904 adapita kudziko lina.
7. Paulendo wopita ku United States, panthawi yopuma pakati pa makonsati, Scriabin, kuti akhalebe wokhazikika komanso nthawi yomweyo osapukuta mkono wake wowawa, adasewera etude yomwe adalemba ndi dzanja lamanzere. Ataona kudabwitsa kwa ogwira ntchito kuhotelo, omwe sanawone kuti wolemba nyimboyo akusewera ndi dzanja limodzi, Scriabin adaganiza zokaimba nyimbo pa konsati. Atamaliza kuphunzira, m'kanyumba pang'ono munamveka mluzu ndi mluzu umodzi. Alexander Nikolaevich adadabwa - kodi munthu wodziwa nyimbo amachokera kuti kumidzi yaku America. Poimba mluzu, adachoka ku Russia.
8. Kubwerera kwa Scriabin ku Russia kunali kopambana. Konsatiyo, yomwe idachitika mu February 1909, idalandiridwa ndi chisangalalo. Komabe, chaka chamawa, Alexander Nikolaevich adalemba nyimbo ya Prometheus, momwe nyimbo zimayendera limodzi ndi kuwala koyamba. Kuchita koyamba kwa symphony iyi kunawonetsa chidwi cha omvera kuti avomereze izi, ndipo Scriabin adatsutsidwa. Ndipo, komabe, wolemba amapitiliza kutsatira njira, monga amakhulupirira, kupita ku Dzuwa.
9. Mu 1914 A. Scriabin adapita ku England, zomwe zidalimbitsa kuzindikira kwake padziko lonse lapansi.
10. Mu Epulo 1915, Alexander Nikolaevich Scriabin anamwalira mwadzidzidzi ndi mafinya. Pa Epulo 7, mkamwa mwake munatseguka, ndipo patatha sabata imodzi wolemba nyimbo wamkulu uja adachoka. Malirowo sanagwere patsiku la Isitala ndipo adasandulika pagulu lonselo pamseu wokutidwa ndi maluwa kutsagana ndi kuyimba kwachikwi kwachikwi kwa ophunzira achichepere ndi masisitere. Scriabin anaikidwa m'manda ku Novodevichy manda.
11. A Alexander Scriabin adalemba zolemba zisanu ndi ziwirizi, 10 piano sonatas, 91 preludes, 16 etudes, 20 ndakatulo zoimbira ndi zidutswa zingapo zing'onozing'ono.
12. Imfa idasiya wolemba wolemba Zinsinsi, chidutswa chosunthika momwe nyimbo zidakwaniritsidwa ndikuwala, utoto ndi kuvina. "Chinsinsi" cha Scriabin ndikumapeto kwa mgwirizano wa Mzimu ndi Matter, zomwe ziyenera kutha ndi imfa ya Chilengedwe chakale komanso chiyambi cha kulengedwa kwatsopano.
13. Scriabin anakwatiwa kawiri. Muukwati wake woyamba, ana 4 adabadwa, wachiwiri - 3, atsikana asanu okha ndi anyamata awiri. Palibe aliyense wa ana omwe adakwatirana naye woyamba amakhala ndi zaka 8. Mwana wamwamuna waukwati wake wachiwiri, Julian, adamwalira ali ndi zaka 11. Ana aakazi ochokera kuukwati wawo wachiwiri, Ariadne ndi Marina, amakhala ku France. Ariadne adamwalira mgulu la Resistance pankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Marina anamwalira mu 1998.
14. M'mabuku olemba mbiri, banja loyambirira la Scriabin nthawi zambiri limatchedwa kuti silinayende bwino. Anali wachisoni, koma koposa zonse, kwa mkazi wake Vera. Woyimba piano waluso adasiya ntchito yake, adabereka ana anayi, amasamalira nyumba, ndipo ngati mphotho idatsalira ndi ana m'manja mwake ndipo alibe njira iliyonse yopezera ndalama. Alexander Nikolaevich, komabe, sanabise ubale wake ndi mkazi wake wachiwiri (ukwati wawo sunalembedwe) kuyambira pachiyambi pomwe.
Banja lachiwiri
15. Otsutsa amati zaka zopitilira 20 zakugwira ntchito mwaluso, Alexander Scriabin adasinthiratu nyimbo zake - ntchito zake zokhwima ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi nyimbo zaunyamata. M'modzi amamva kuti zidapangidwa ndi anthu osiyana kotheratu.
