Pakati pa zisanu zomwe zidalandiridwa kale Nobel Prize (mu chemistry, fizikiya, zamankhwala, zolemba ndi mtendere), ndi mphotho ya fizikiya yomwe imaperekedwa malinga ndi malamulo okhwima kwambiri ndipo ili ndiudindo waukulu pantchito zake. Kuti pali zaka 20 zokha zoperekera mphotho pazomwe wazipeza - ziyenera kuyesedwa ndi nthawi. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu - tsopano sazindikira chilichonse akadali achichepere, ndipo ofuna kubatizidwayo amatha kumwalira zaka 20 asanatulukire.
Zhores Ivanovich Alferov adalandira mphotho mu 2000 yopanga semiconductors kuti azigwiritsa ntchito zamagetsi. Alferov adayamba kupeza ma semiconductor heterostructures apakatikati pa ma 1970, chifukwa chake ophunzira aku Sweden omwe adasankha olandila adapitilira "ulamuliro wazaka 20".
Pofika mphotho ya Nobel, Zhores Ivanovich anali kale ndi mphotho zonse zadziko zomwe wasayansi angalandire. Mphoto ya Nobel sinali kutha, koma korona wa ntchito yake yabwino. Chidwi komanso chofunikira kuchokera pamenepo chaperekedwa pansipa:
1. Zhores Alferov adabadwa mu 1930 ku Belarus. Abambo ake anali mtsogoleri wamkulu waku Soviet, motero banja limasunthika pafupipafupi. Ngakhale isanachitike Great Patriotic War, a Alferovs adatha kukhala ku Novosibirsk, Barnaul ndi Stalingrad.
2. Dzina losazolowereka linali lofala ku Soviet Union mzaka za 1920 ndi 1930. Nthawi zambiri makolo amatchula ana awo pambuyo pa akatswiri odziwika bwino akale ngakhalenso pano. Mbale Zhores ankatchedwa Marx.
3. Pankhondo, Marx Alferov adamwalira kutsogolo, ndipo banja lake limakhala kudera la Sverdlovsk. Kumeneko Zhores anamaliza maphunziro 8. Kenako bambo anasamutsidwa ku Minsk, kumene mwana yekha otsala anamaliza sukulu ndi ulemu. Zhores adapeza manda a mchimwene wake mu 1956.
4. Wophunzira waposachedwa adalandiridwa ku Faculty of Electronic Engineering ku Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute popanda mayeso.
5. Ali mchaka chake chachitatu, Zhores Alferov adayamba kuchita zoyeserera pawokha, ndipo atamaliza maphunziro ake adalembedwa ntchito ndi Phystech yotchuka. Kuyambira pamenepo, maupangiri akhala mutu wankhani zamtsogolo za wopambana mphotho ya Nobel.
6. Kupambana koyamba kofunikira kwa Alferov kunali chitukuko chokhazikitsidwa cha opitilira pakhomo. Kutengera ndi ntchito yazaka zisanu zakugwira ntchito, wasayansi wachinyamata uja adalemba zolemba zake za Ph.D., ndipo dzikolo lidamupatsa Order ya Badge of Honor.
7. Mutu wa kafukufuku wodziyimira pawokha, wosankhidwa ndi Alferov atateteza chiphunzitso chake, udakhala mutu wa moyo wake. Adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito ma semiconductor heterostructures, ngakhale m'ma 1960 amawerengedwa kuti sakulonjeza ku Soviet Union.
Kunena mwachidule, heterostructure ndi chophatikiza cha semiconductors awiri omwe amakula pagawo limodzi. Ma semiconductors awa ndi mpweya wopangidwa pakati pawo amapanga semiconductor patatu, pomwe laser imatha kupangidwa.
9. Alferov ndi gulu lake akhala akugwira ntchito yopanga laser heterostructure kuyambira 1963, ndipo zotsatira zomwe adafuna zidapezeka mu 1968. Kupezaku kunapatsidwa Mphotho ya Lenin.
10. Kenako gulu la Alferov lidayamba kugwira ntchito yolandila ma radiation ndipo lidapambananso. Misonkhano ya Heterostructure yokhala ndi mandala imagwira ntchito bwino m'maselo ozungulira dzuwa, kuwalola kuti azitha kuwona kuwala konse kwa dzuwa. Izi kwambiri (nthawi mahandiredi) zidakulitsa magwiridwe antchito amagetsi a dzuwa.
11. Makonzedwe omwe gulu la Alferov adapeza agwiritsa ntchito popanga ma LED, ma cell a dzuwa, mafoni am'manja ndi ukadaulo wamakompyuta.
12. Ma solar, opangidwa ndi gulu la Alferov, akhala akupereka magetsi ku Mir space kwa zaka 15.
13. Mu 1979 wasayansi adasankhidwa kukhala wophunzira, ndipo mu 1990s adasankhidwa kukhala wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa Academy of Science. Mu 2013, iye anali asankha kuti udindo wa Pulezidenti wa Academy of Sciences, Alferov lachiwiri.
14. Kwa zaka 16 kuyambira 1987, Zhores Alferov adatsogolera Phystech, komwe adaphunzirira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1950.
15. Academician Alferov anali wachiwiri kwa anthu ku USSR komanso wachiwiri kwa State Duma pamisonkhano yonse kupatula yoyamba.
16. Zhores Ivanovich ali ndiudindo wathunthu wa Order of Merit for the Fatherland ndipo ali ndi maudindo ena asanu, kuphatikiza Order ya Lenin, mphotho yayikulu kwambiri ku USSR.
17. Pakati pa mphotho zomwe Alferov adalandira, limodzi ndi Mphotho ya Nobel, ndi monga State and Lenin Prize of the USSR, State Prize of Russia komanso pafupifupi mphotho khumi ndi ziwiri zakunja.
18. Wasayansiyo adakhazikitsa mwaokha ndalama zapadziko lapansi Foundation for the Support of Talented Youth.
19. Mphoto ya Nobel mu Fizikiya itha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu, koma osafanana mofanana. Chifukwa chake, theka la mphotho lidaperekedwa kwa American Jack Kilby, ndipo lachiwiri lidagawidwa pakati pa Alferov ndi wasayansi waku Germany Herbert Kroemer.
20. Kukula kwa Mphoto ya Nobel mu 2000 kunali madola 900,000. Zaka khumi pambuyo pake, Alferov, Kilby ndi Kroemer akadagawana 1.5 miliyoni.
21. Wophunzira Mstislav Keldysh analemba kuti paulendo wake ku labotale ina ku United States, asayansi akumaloko adavomereza mosabisa kuti akubwereza zomwe Alferov adapanga.
22. Alferov ndiwosimba bwino, wophunzitsa komanso wolankhulira. Kroemer ndi Kilby pamodzi adamunyengerera kuti alankhule paphwando la mphothozo - wopambana aliyense amalankhula kuchokera pa mphotho imodzi, ndipo aku America ndi aku Germany adazindikira kupambana kwa wasayansi waku Russia.
23. Ngakhale anali wachikulire, Zhores Ivanovich amakhala moyo wokangalika kwambiri. Amawongolera mayunivesite, madipatimenti ndi masukulu ku Moscow ndi St. Petersburg, ndi likulu lakumpoto lodzipereka Lolemba ndi Lachisanu, ndi Moscow - sabata yonse.
24. Potengera malingaliro andale, wasayansi ali pafupi ndi achikominisi, koma si membala wa Chipani cha Komyunisiti. Adatsutsa mobwerezabwereza kusintha kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 ndi 1990 komanso kusokonekera kwa anthu.
25. Zhores Ivanovich wakwatiwa kwachiwiri, ali ndi mwana wamwamuna, wamkazi, mdzukulu wamwamuna komanso adzukulu awiri.
