Church of the Intercession pa Nerl ngati nyumba yoyatsa yoyera ikukwera paphiri lopangidwa ndi anthu pamwamba pa dambo lodzaza madzi, ngati kuti ikuwonetsa njira yopita kwa oyendayenda. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera ndi kapangidwe kake, kapangidwe ka mapulani aku Russia amadziwika kutali kwambiri ndi dera la Vladimir. Kuyambira 1992, Church of the Intercession on the Nerl yaphatikizidwa m'ndandanda wa UNESCO World Heritage, ndipo dambo, komwe kuli kachisi wa Bogolyubsky, ndi gawo la mbiri yakale komanso malo owoneka bwino, omwe ndi ofunikira mdera.
Zinsinsi zakuwonekera kwa Mpingo wa Kupembedzera pa Nerl
Mbiri yakukhazikitsidwa kwa Mpingo wa Kupembedzera pa Nerl ili ndi zolakwika komanso zongoganiza. Chinthu chokha chodziwikiratu chimadziwika - pansi pa kalonga wamkulu kachisiyo adamangidwa. Chojambula mwala choyera ichi chidapangidwa munthawi ya Prince Andrey Bogolyubsky, mwana wa Yuri Dolgoruky.
Ndizovuta kutchula chaka chenicheni chomanga. Olemba mbiri ambiri amagwirizanitsa ntchito yomanga kachisiyo ndi imfa ya Kalonga Izyaslav, monga chikhumbo cha Prince Andrew kuti apititse patsogolo kukumbukira mwana wake. Kenako tsiku loyambira tchalitchichi limawerengedwa kuti ndi 1165. Komabe, malipoti a mbiri yakale amati tchalitchicho chidamangidwa "mchilimwe chimodzi", ndipo kalonga adamwalira kugwa. Chifukwa chake, ndizabwino kunena za 1166 ngati tsiku lomanga kachisi komanso "chilimwe chimodzi" chotchulidwa mu mbiri ya Prince Andrew.
Njira ina ndi lingaliro loti Mpingo Wotetezera ku Nerl unamangidwa nthawi yomweyo ndikumanga nyumba ya amonke ku Bogolyubovo kumapeto kwa 1150-1160. ndipo alibe chochita ndi imfa ya kalonga. Malinga ndi mtunduwu, kumanga kwa kachisi ndikuthokoza kwambiri Theotokos Woyera chifukwa chothandizira anthu a Vladimir pankhondo ndi ma Bulgars.
Nthano imalumikizananso ndi ma Bulgars kuti mwalawo, wochititsa chidwi ndi kuyera kwake, udachokera ku ufumu wa Bulgar, wogonjetsedwa ndi Andrey Bogolyubsky. Komabe, kafukufuku wotsatira akutsutsa lingaliro ili: mwala womwe udagonjetsedwa ku Bulgaria uli ndi utoto wofiirira ndipo umasiyana kwambiri ndi miyala yamwala yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga.
Andrei Bogolyubsky anali wokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi phwando la Kupembedzera kwa The Holy Holy Theotokos. Pakuumirira kwake, tchalitchi chatsopano adapatulidwa polemekeza Phwando la Theotokos. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, kulambiridwa kwakukulu kwa holideyi kwatha ndipo tsopano mutha kupeza kachisi wa Pokrovsky pafupifupi mumzinda uliwonse.
Chinsinsi cha okonza mapulani
Mpingo wopempherera ku Nerl umatengedwa moyenera ngati chipilala cha zomangamanga osati dziko lonse lapansi. Mwa mitundu yonse ya laconic, ndichitsanzo chowoneka bwino kwambiri pamapangidwe aku Russia ndipo adakhala ngati chovomerezeka pakupanga kwamatchalitchi ena.
Malo omangira sanasankhidwe mwangozi - m'masiku akale panali mphambano ya mitsinje yotanganidwa komanso njira zamalonda, koma ndizachilendo, chifukwa kachisiyo adamangidwa pamadzi osefukira pomwe Nerl imadutsa ku Klyazma.
Malo apaderadera amafunikira njira yosakhazikika yomanga. Kuti nyumbayo iyime kwazaka zambiri, omangawo adagwiritsa ntchito njira yosakhala yofananira pomanga: choyamba, maziko (1.5-1.6 m) adapangidwa, kupitiliza kwake kunali makoma pafupifupi mita 4. Kenako nyumbayi idakutidwa ndi dothi, phiri lomwe lidayamba lidakhala maziko pomanga tchalitchi. Chifukwa cha zanzeru izi, tchalitchi chalimbana ndi ziwopsezo zamadzi zapachaka kwazaka zambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, malinga ndi zithunzi zina zolembedwa mnyumba ya amonke, chithunzi choyambirira cha nyumbayi chinali chosiyana kwambiri ndi chamakono. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndikufukula komwe kunachitika mu 1858 ndi womanga diocesean N.A. Artleben komanso m'ma 1950 ndi N.N.Voronin, katswiri wamkulu pankhani yazomangamanga zakale zaku Russia. Malinga ndi zomwe apeza, tchalitchichi lidazunguliridwa ndi nyumba zazitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kukongoletsa kwake kukhala kofanana ndiulemerero ndi kukongola kwa nsanja zaku Russia.
Tsoka ilo, mayina a omwe adapanga zaluso zaku Russia sanapulumuke mpaka pano. Olemba mbiri yakale adangokhazikitsa kuti pamodzi ndi ambuye aku Russia komanso mapulani a zomangamanga, akatswiri ochokera ku Hungary ndi Malopolska nawonso adagwira - izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe achikongoletsedwe achiroma, opangidwa mwaluso pamiyambo ya Byzantine.
Zokongoletsera zamkati ndizodabwitsa pakupanga kwake. Chojambula choyambirira sichidapulumuke, ambiri aiwo adatayika pakukonzanso "kwankhanza" mu 1877, komwe, kopanda mgwirizano ndi wopanga diocese, adayambitsidwa ndi oyang'anira amonke. Zinthu zokonzedwanso komanso zopangidwa mwatsopano ndizophatikizika mwanjira zina zomwe zimapanga chithunzi cha umodzi wonse.
Kachisiyo alinso ndi mapangidwe ake: ngakhale kuti makoma adamangidwa mozungulira, zikuwoneka kuti amakonda pang'ono. Izi zimawonekera makamaka pazithunzi zomwe zidatengedwa mkati mwa tchalitchi. Chinyengo ichi chimapangidwa ndi magawo ndi zipilala zapadera zomwe zimakwera pamwamba.
Chinthu china chosangalatsa cha zokongoletsa za tchalitchicho ndizithunzi zojambula za Mfumu David. Chiwerengero chake ndichapakati pazazithunzi zitatu zonsezi. Kuphatikiza pa David, wojambulidwa ndi psalter, zojambulazo zikuwonetsa mikango ndi nkhunda.
Zochitika Zazikulu M'mbiri
Tsogolo la Mpingo Wotetezera ku Nerl ladzaza ndi zochitika zomvetsa chisoni. Pambuyo pa woyera mtima wa kachisi, Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky, adamwalira mu 1174, tchalitchicho chidatengedwa kwathunthu ndi abale aku amonke. Ndalama zinatha, choncho belu tower, yomwe poyamba idakonzedwa ngati gawo la zomangamanga, sinamangidwe konse.
Tsoka lotsatira linali kuwonongeka kwa Mongol-Chitata. Pamene Atata adatenga Vladimir m'zaka za zana la 12, nawonso sananyalanyaze tchalitchicho. Mwachiwonekere, adakopeka ndi ziwiya ndi zinthu zina zamtengo wapatali zokongoletsera, zomwe kalonga sanachite.
Koma zowopsa kwambiri pakachisi pafupifupi zidakhala 1784, pomwe zinali nyumba ya amonke ku Bogolyubsk. Abbot wa nyumba ya amonkeyo adafuna kuwononga mpingo wamiyala yoyera ndikuugwiritsa ntchito ngati zida zomangira nyumba za amonke, zomwe adalandiranso chilolezo ku dayosizi ya Vladimir. Mwamwayi, sanakwanitse kugwirizana ndi kontrakitala, apo ayi chikumbutso chapaderacho chikadatayika kwamuyaya.
Moyo wopanda "mtambo" udayambira pakachisi mu 1919 yokha, pomwe adalowa m'kalasi ya Vladimir yoyang'anira zakale, kale ngati chipilala cha zomangamanga zakale zaku Russia.
Mu 1923, ntchito zamtchalitchizo zidatha ndipo anali malo okhawo omwe adazipulumutsa ku chiwonongeko komanso kuipitsa mbiri pazaka zaulamuliro waku Soviet (palibe amene anali ndi chidwi ndi dera lomwe linali dambo, lodzaza madzi nthawi zonse) komanso malo osungiramo zinthu zakale.
Timalimbikitsa kuti tiwone Mpingo wa Mpulumutsi pa Magazi Okhetsa Moyo.
Kuyambira 1960, kutchuka kwa tchalitchichi kudakulirakulira chaka ndi chaka, kukopa alendo ochulukirapo komanso oyendayenda. Mu 1980, obwezeretsa adabwezeretsa tchalitchichi pakuwonekera kwawo, koma ntchito zidayambiranso m'ma 1990s.
Momwe mungafikire kumeneko
Mpingo Wotetezera ku Nerl uli m'mudzi wa Bogolyubovo pafupi ndi Vladimir. Pali njira zingapo zopitira kukachisi:
- sankhani imodzi mwamaulendo ambiri omwe mabungwe azoyenda a Vladimir, Moscow ndi mizinda ina ikuluikulu amapereka mochuluka;
- gwiritsani ntchito zoyendera pagulu. Mabasi # 18 kapena # 152 amapita kuchokera ku Vladimir kupita ku Bogolyubov.
- palokha ndi galimoto, GPS yolumikizira ku tchalitchi: 56.19625.40.56135. Kuchokera ku Vladimir muyenera kupita kulowera ku Nizhny Novgorod (M7 mseu waukulu). Mukadutsa nyumba ya amonke ya Bogolyubsky, tembenuzirani kumanzere kokwerera masitima apamtunda, komwe mungasiye galimoto yanu.
Mulimonse momwe mungasankhire, khalani okonzeka kuyenda pafupifupi 1.5 km. Palibe khomo lolowera kukachisi. Pakati pa kusefukira kwamadzi, madzi amatuluka mamitala angapo ndipo amangofikiridwa ndi bwato; pamalipiro ochepa, ntchito yofananayo imaperekedwa ndi oyendetsa bwato akomweko.
Komabe, ngakhale mutayesetsa kwambiri bwanji paulendowu, kungoyang'ana chabe kachisi wokongola kwambiri woyera ngati chipale chofewa, yemwe akukwera pamwamba pamtsinje, kudzadzaza moyo wamtendere ndikudzazanso mphamvu. Kulongosola mwatsatanetsatane za njira ndi ndandanda yazantchito zitha kupezeka patsamba la dayosizi ya Vladimir-Suzdal, komwe kachisiyo ali pano.
Tsopano si malo okha aulendo okhulupirira, dziko lokongola limakonda ojambula ndi ojambula. Munthawi yamadzi osefukira, tchalitchichi limazunguliridwa ndi madzi mbali zonse, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zomangidwa kwenikweni pakati pa mtsinjewo. Zithunzi zomwe zimatengedwa mbandakucha zimawoneka zosangalatsa kwambiri, pamene chifunga pamtsinje chimapanga chinsinsi china.
