Anatoly Fedorovich Koni (1844-1927) - Woyimira milandu ku Russia, woweruza, kazembe komanso wodziwika pagulu, wolemba, woweruza milandu, khansala wachinsinsi komanso membala wa State Council of the Russian Empire. Honorary Academician wa St. Petersburg Academy of Science pankhani yazolemba zabwino.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu yonena za Anatoly Koni, amene ife tinena m'nkhani ino.
Chifukwa chake, nayi mbiri yayifupi ya Koni.
Mbiri ya Anatoly Koni
Anatoly Koni adabadwa pa Januware 28 (February 9) 1844 ku St. Anakulira ndipo adaleredwa m'banja la wochita zisudzo komanso wolemba nkhani Fyodor Alekseevich ndi mkazi wake Irina Semyonovna, yemwe anali wojambula komanso wolemba. Anali ndi mchimwene wake wamkulu, Eugene.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Ojambula, olemba ndi ena azikhalidwe nthawi zambiri amasonkhana mnyumba ya Koni. Pamisonkhano yotere, ndale, zisudzo, zolemba ndi zina zambiri zimakambidwa.
Mpaka zaka 7, Anatoly anali kuyang'aniridwa ndi namwino wake Vasilisa Nagaitseva. Pambuyo pake, iye ndi mchimwene wake adalandira maphunziro apanyumba.
Mutu wabanja anali wokonda malingaliro a Emmanuel Kant, chifukwa chake amatsatira momveka bwino malamulo olera ana.
Malinga ndi malamulowa, mwanayo amayenera kudutsa magawo anayi: kuti alandire chilango, komanso ntchito, luso komanso machitidwe abwino. Nthawi yomweyo, bambo adachita zonse zomwe angathe kuti aphunzitse ana ake kuganiza mosatsatira ambiri.
Ali ndi zaka 11, Anatoly Koni adayamba kupita ku Sukulu ya St. Atamaliza kalasi yachitatu, adasamukira ku Gymnasium Yachiwiri ya St. Munthawi imeneyi ya mbiri yake, adaphunzira Chijeremani ndi Chifalansa, komanso kumasulira ntchito zina.
Nthawi yomweyo, Koni anali wokondwa kupita kumisonkhano ndi apulofesa odziwika, kuphatikiza wolemba mbiri Nikolai Kostomarov. Mu 1861 adapitiliza maphunziro ake ku Dipatimenti ya Masamu ku Yunivesite ya St.
Chaka chotsatira, chifukwa cha zipolowe za ophunzira, yunivesite idatsekedwa kwamuyaya. Izi zidapangitsa kuti mnyamatayo asankhe kupita mchaka cha 2 cha dipatimenti yazamalamulo ku University of Moscow. Apa Anatoly adalandira mamakisi pafupifupi m'mayendedwe onse.
Ntchito
Ngakhale ali mwana, Koni anali wokhoza kudzipezera zonse zofunika. Adapeza ndalama pophunzitsa masamu, mbiri yakale komanso zolembalemba. Limodzi ndi izi, anasonyeza chidwi chachikulu pa zisudzo ndi kuwerenga mabuku dziko.
Atalandira diploma, Anatoly Koni anayamba kugwira ntchito mu Ministry of War. Pambuyo pake, mwa kufuna kwake, adasamukira kukagwira ntchito ngati Assistant Secretary of the Criminal department of St.
Chotsatira chake, miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake katswiri wachinyamatayo adatumizidwa ku Moscow, komwe adatenga udindo wa mlembi wa woimira milandu. M'dzinja la 1867, kusankhidwa kwina kunatsatira, chifukwa chake adakhala - wothandizira woimira boma ku Kharkov.
Ndi nthawi, Koni anayamba kuonetsa woyamba zizindikiro za matenda. Izi zidapangitsa kuti kumayambiriro kwa 1869 adakakamizidwa kuti akalandire chithandizo kunja. Apa adakhala pafupi ndi Minister of Justice, Constantin Palen.
Palen anathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti Anatoly anasamutsidwa kupita ku St. Pambuyo pake, adayamba kukwera msanga pantchito. Atakhala wozenga milandu, adakhala ndi milandu yovuta kwa zaka zingapo.
Pamayeserowa, Koni adalankhula zokoma komanso zomanga zomwe zimasangalatsa makhothi onse. Komanso, mawu ake omutsutsa adasindikizidwa m'mabuku osiyanasiyana. Zotsatira zake, adakhala m'modzi mwa maloya omwe amalemekezedwa kwambiri osati mzindawu komanso mdzikolo.
Pambuyo pake, Anatoly Fedorovich adatenga wachiwiri kwa director of the department of Justice, pambuyo pake adapatsidwa ulemu woweruza wa madera a Peterhof ndi St. Mlandu wa Vera Zasulich uyenera kuyang'aniridwa mwapadera muukadaulo waukadaulo wamilandu.
Zasulich sanayesere kupha meya Fyodor Trepov, chifukwa chake anaimbidwa mlandu. Tithokoze mawu olingaliridwa bwino, Koni adatsimikizira oweruza kuti Vera alibe mlandu, popeza akuti sankafuna kupha mkuluyu. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti madzulo a msonkhanowo, Emperor Alexander II adafunsa loya kuti mkaziyo ayenera kupita kundende.
Komabe, Anatoly Koni anakana kusewera limodzi ndi mfumu komanso oweruza, akuganiza kuti agwire ntchito yake moona mtima komanso mopanda tsankho. Izi zidapangitsa kuti mwamunayo ayambe kukakamizidwa kuti atule pansi udindo, koma Koni adakananso. Zotsatira zake, adasamutsidwa kuchoka ku dipatimenti yachifwamba kupita ku boma.
M'zaka zotsatira za mbiri yake, Anatoly nthawi zambiri ankazunzidwa ndi olamulira, kumulanda mphotho komanso osalola milandu yayikulu. Kukula kwa kusintha, adataya ntchito ndi ntchito.
Akavalo amayenera kugulitsa mabuku kuti apeze zofunika pamoyo. M'zaka zomalizira za moyo wake, iye anali kuphunzitsa pa University Petrograd, kuphunzitsa ophunzira oratory, malamulo upandu ndi makhalidwe a kogona. Pafupifupi chaka chimodzi asanamwalire, penshoni yake idawonjezeredwa kawiri.
Ntchito za Anatoly Koni, kuphatikiza "Zolankhula Zachiweruzo" ndi "Abambo ndi Ana a Kusintha Kwachiweruzo", zidakhudza kwambiri chitukuko cha sayansi yamalamulo. Anakhalanso wolemba ntchito momwe adafotokozera zokumbukira zake poyankhulana ndi olemba osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky ndi Nikolai Nekrasov.
Moyo waumwini
Anatoly Fedorovich sanakwatire. Anati izi za iye: "Ndilibe moyo waumwini." Komabe, izi sizinamulepheretse kukondana. Chisankho choyamba cha loya anali Nadezhda Moroshkina, yemwe adafuna kukwatira naye.
Komabe, madotolo ataneneratu kuti Koni adzakhala ndi moyo wawufupi, adakana ukwati. Pambuyo pake adakumana ndi Lyubov Gogel, yemwe adakwatirana ndi woimira boma ku St. Kwa nthawi yaitali, iwo anakhalabe paubwenzi ndipo mwachangu analemberana.
Anatoly ndi Elena Vasilievna Ponomareva analumikizana chimodzimodzi - kuchuluka kwa makalata awo kunafika mazana. Mu 1924 Elena anayamba kukhala naye, kukhala wothandizira wake ndi mlembi. Anasamalira Koni wodwalayo mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake.
Imfa
Anatoly Koni anamwalira pa Seputembara 17, 1927 ali ndi zaka 83. Chifukwa cha imfa yake chinali chibayo. Anthu ambiri adabwera kudzatsanzikana naye mpaka anthu adadzaza mseu wonse.
Chithunzi ndi Anatoly Koni
