Ndi alendo ochepa omwe amatha kuwonetsa Estonia pamapu. Pachifukwa ichi, palibe chomwe chasintha kuyambira pomwe dziko lidalandira ufulu - mwachilengedwe, Estonia kale inali kumbuyo kwa USSR, tsopano ili kunja kwa European Union.
Chuma ndi nkhani ina - USSR idayika chuma chambiri pachuma cha Estonia. Inali republic yama mafakitole yomwe inali ndi ulimi wotukuka komanso njira yolumikizirana. Ndipo ngakhale ali ndi cholowa chotere, Estonia yakumana ndi mavuto azachuma. Kukhazikika kwina kudabwera kokha pakukonzanso kwachuma - tsopano pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu a GDP ya ku Estonia imachokera mgulu la ntchito.
Anthu aku Estonia ndi odekha, ogwira ntchito molimbika komanso okonda ndalama. Izi, ndichachidziwikire, pali, monga m'dziko lililonse, omwe amawononga ndalama komanso anthu osakhazikika. Sanachite bwino, ndipo pali zifukwa zakale za izi - nyengo mdzikolo ndiyofatsa komanso chinyezi kuposa Russia yense. Izi zikutanthauza kuti osauka sayenera kufulumira, mutha kuchita chilichonse mopanda changu, koma mwamphamvu. Koma ngati kuli kotheka, anthu aku Estonia amatha kuthamangitsa - pali akatswiri ambiri pa Olimpiki kuposa munthu aliyense ku Europe.
1.Dera la Estonia - 45,226 km2... Dzikoli lili m'malo a 129th malinga ndi dera, ndi lokulirapo pang'ono kuposa Denmark komanso locheperako pang'ono kuposa Dominican Republic ndi Slovakia. Ndizowonekeratu kufananiza mayiko oterewa ndi zigawo za Russia. Estonia ndi ofanana kukula ndi dera la Moscow. Kudera la Sverdlovsk, lomwe silili lalikulu kwambiri ku Russia, padzakhala ma Estonia anayi okhala ndi malire.
2. Estonia ndi kwawo kwa anthu 1 318,000, komwe kuli 156th padziko lapansi. Poyerekeza pafupifupi anthu, Slovenia ili ndi anthu 2.1 miliyoni. Ku Europe, ngati simuganizira zafupi, Estonia ndi wachiwiri kwa Montenegro - 622 zikwi.Ngakhale ku Russia, Estonia ingatenge malo a 37th okha - dera la Penza ndi Khabarovsk Territory ali ndi zizindikiro zofananira anthu. Anthu ambiri amakhala ku Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk ndi Yekaterinburg kuposa ku Estonia, ndi ku Nizhny Novgorod ndi Kazan pang'ono pang'ono.
3. Ngakhale ndi gawo laling'ono chonchi, Estonia ndi ochepa kwambiri - anthu 28.5 pa km2, 147th padziko lapansi. Chapafupi pali mapiri a Kyrgyzstan ndipo ali ndi nkhalango zokuta Venezuela ndi Mozambique. Komabe, ku Estonia, malowo sali bwino ngakhale - gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a chigawochi amakhala ndi madambo. Ku Russia, dera la Smolensk ndilofanana, ndipo zigawo zina 41 kuchuluka kwake kumakhala kwakukulu.
4. Pafupifupi 7% ya anthu aku Estonia ali ndiudindo wa "osakhala nzika". Awa ndi anthu omwe amakhala ku Estonia panthawi yodziyimira pawokha, koma sanalandire nzika zaku Estonia. Poyamba panali pafupifupi 30% ya iwo.
5. Pa "atsikana" aliwonse ku Estonia, palibe ngakhale "anyamata" 9, koma 8.4. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti azimayi mdziko muno amakhala zaka pafupifupi 4.5 kutalika kuposa amuna.
6. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zapakhomo pazogula zamagetsi, malinga ndi UN, Estonia ili pa nambala 44 padziko lapansi ($ 30,850), kumbuyo pang'ono kwa ma Czech ($ 33,760) koma patsogolo pa Greece, Poland ndi Hungary.
7. Nthawi yodziyimira pawokha ku Estonia ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa zonse ziwiri m'mbiri yake. Nthawi yoyamba Republic of Estonia yodziyimira payokha idakhalapo kwa zaka zopitilira 21 - kuyambira pa February 24, 1918 mpaka pa Ogasiti 6, 1940. Munthawi imeneyi, dzikolo lidakwanitsa kusintha maboma 23 ndikukhala olamulira mwankhanza.
8. Ngakhale kuti kwa zaka zingapo RSFSR inali dziko lokhalo padziko lapansi kuzindikira Estonia, mu 1924, ponamizira kuti akumenya chipolowe chachikomyunizimu, akuluakulu aku Estonia adaimitsa mayendedwe kuchokera ku Russia kupita kumadoko a Baltic. Katundu wonyamula katundu wa chaka adatsika kuchokera matani zikwi 246 mpaka matani zikwi 1.6. Mavuto azachuma adayamba mdzikolo, omwe adagonjetsedwa patadutsa zaka 10. Chifukwa chake, kuyesa kwaposachedwa kwa Estonia kuwononga mayendedwe aku Russia kudera lake sikoyamba m'mbiri.
9. Mu 1918, gawo la Estonia lidalandidwa ndi asitikali aku Germany. Ajeremani, omwe adakakamizidwa kukhala m'mafamu, adachita mantha ndi kusakhazikika ndipo adalamulidwa kuti amange chimbudzi pafamu iliyonse. Anthu a ku Estonia adatsatira lamuloli - chifukwa chakusamvera adawopseza khothi - koma patapita kanthawi Ajeremani adazindikira kuti panali zimbudzi m'mafamu, ndipo panalibe njira zopitira. Malinga ndi m'modzi mwa oyang'anira Open Open Museum, ndi boma la Soviet lokha lophunzitsa anthu aku Estonia kugwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi.
10. Amlimi aku Estonia nthawi zambiri anali aukhondo kuposa anthu akumizinda. Malo ambiri akumafamu anali ndi malo osambira, ndipo osauka, omwe analibe malo osambira, ankasambitsidwa m'mabeseni. Munali malo osambira ochepa m'mizinda, ndipo okhala m'mizinda sanafune kuwagwiritsa ntchito - tiyi, osati khofi lofiira, anthu am'mizinda amayenera kusamba m'malo osambira. Komabe, 3% ya nyumba za Tallinn zinali ndi mabafa. Madzi adabweretsedwera m'zitsime - madzi okhala ndi mphutsi ndi nsomba mwachangu zimathamanga. Mbiri ya chithandizo chamadzi cha Tallinn imayamba mu 1927 zokha.
11. Njanji yoyamba ku Estonia idatsegulidwa mu 1870. Ufumuwo ndi Soviet Union mwakhama anayamba njanji maukonde, ndipo tsopano, malinga ndi kachulukidwe kake, Estonia ndi malo apamwamba 44 mu dziko. Malinga ndi chizindikiro ichi, dzikolo lili patsogolo pa Sweden ndi USA, ndipo lili kumbuyo pang'ono kwa Spain.
Kuponderezedwa kwa olamulira aku Soviet Union atalanda mu 1940 kunakhudza anthu pafupifupi 12,000. Pafupifupi 1,600, malinga ndi miyezo yayikulu kwambiri, pomwe zigawenga zidaphatikizidwa pakati pa omwe adaponderezedwa, adawomberedwa, mpaka 10,000 adatumizidwa kumisasa. Anazi adawombera mbadwa zosachepera 8,000 komanso Ayuda pafupifupi 20,000 omwe adabweretsa ku Estonia ndi akaidi aku Soviet Union. Osachepera 40,000 aku Estonia adamenya nawo nkhondo ku Germany.
13. Okutobala 5, 1958, msonkhano wagalimoto yoyamba yothamanga unamalizidwa ku Tallinn Auto Repair Plant. M'zaka 40 zokha, kampani yomwe ili likulu la Estonia yatulutsa magalimoto oposa 1,300. Zambiri panthawiyo zimapangidwa ndi chomera cha Chingerezi "Lotus". Pa chomera cha Vihur, mitundu yachikale ya VAZ idasinthidwa kukhala magalimoto amphamvu othamanga, omwe akufunikirabe ku Europe.
14. Nyumba ku Estonia ndizotsika mtengo. Ngakhale likulu, mtengo wapakati pa mita imodzi yamalo okhala ndi 1,500 euros. Ku Old Town kokha kumatha kufikira 3,000. Kumadera osatchuka, nyumba ya chipinda chimodzi itha kugulidwa ma 15,000 euros. Kunja kwa likulu, nyumba ndizotsika mtengo - kuyambira 250 mpaka 600 euros pa mita imodzi. Kubwereka nyumba ku Tallinn kumawononga ma 300 - 500 euros, m'matawuni ang'onoang'ono mutha kubwereka nyumba kwa mayuro 100 pamwezi. Ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito mnyumba yaying'ono zimakhala pafupifupi ma euro 150.
15. Kuyambira pa 1 Julayi 2018, zoyendera pagulu ku Estonia zakhala zaulere. Zowona, ndikusungitsa malo. Paulendo waulere, mumayenera kulipira mayuro awiri pamwezi - izi ndi ndalama zomwe khadi yomwe imagwira ngati tikiti yapaulendo imawonongera. Anthu aku Estonia amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zoyendera zaulere kwaulere kokha mdera lomwe akukhalamo. M'maboma 4 mwa 15, mtengo udatsalira.
16. Pogwiritsa ntchito nyali yofiira, dalaivala ku Estonia azilipira ndalama zosachepera 200 mayuro. Kunyalanyaza munthu woyenda pamsewu kuwoloka kumafanana chimodzimodzi. Kupezeka kwa mowa m'magazi - 400 - 1200 euros (kutengera mlingo) kapena kulandidwa ufulu kwa miyezi 3 - 12. Chindapusa chothamanga chimayamba pa ma euro 120. Koma dalaivala amangofunika kukhala ndi chiphaso naye - apolisi ena onse azidziwitso, ngati kuli kofunikira, amadzichotsa pamasamba kudzera pa intaneti.
17. "Kutenga mu Estonia" sikutanthauza "pang'onopang'ono kwambiri" konse. M'malo mwake, ndi njira yopangidwa ndi banja la ku Estonia kuti afotokoze mwachangu mtunda wa akazi omwe akuchita mpikisano womwe umachitika chaka chilichonse m'tawuni ya ku Finland ya Sonkajärvi. Pakati pa 1998 ndi 2008, maanja ochokera ku Estonia nthawi zonse amakhala opambana pamipikisanoyi.
18. Kuti mupeze maphunziro apamwamba ku Estonia, muyenera kuphunzira kwa zaka 12. Nthawi yomweyo, kuyambira grade 1 mpaka 9, ophunzira omwe sanachite bwino amasiyidwa chaka chachiwiri, pamapeto omaliza amangochotsedwa sukulu. Maphunziro amaikidwa "mosiyana" - amodzi ndi apamwamba kwambiri.
Nyengo yaku Estonia imawonedwa ndi anthu am'deralo kuti ndiyowopsa - ndi yonyowa kwambiri komanso yozizira nthawi zonse. Pali nthabwala yotchuka yonena kuti "kunali chilimwe, koma tsiku lomwelo ndinali kuntchito." Komanso, kuli malo ogulitsira nyanja mdziko muno. Dzikoli ndilotchuka kwambiri - alendo 1.5 miliyoni amabwera ku Estonia pachaka.
20. Estonia ndi dziko lotsogola kwambiri pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamagetsi. Chiyambi chinabwereranso nthawi ya USSR - anthu aku Estonia amatenga nawo gawo pakupanga mapulogalamu a Soviet. Masiku ano, pafupifupi kulumikizana konse kwa munthu waku Estonia ndi boma kapena oyang'anira maboma kumachitika kudzera pa intaneti. Muthanso kuvota kudzera pa intaneti. Makampani aku Estonia ndi atsogoleri padziko lonse lapansi pakupanga njira zotetezera cyber. Estonia ndi komwe "Hotmail" ndi "Skype" zidabadwira.
