Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny (1883-1973) - Mtsogoleri wankhondo waku Soviet, m'modzi mwa oyang'anira oyamba a Soviet Union, katatu Hero wa Soviet Union, wokhala ndi St. George Cross ndi St. George Medal madigiri onse.
Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Gulu Loyamba Lankhondo Lankhondo Lankhondo Lofiira pa Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni, m'modzi mwa omwe akukonzekera apakavalo ofiira ofiira. Asitikali a First Cavalry Army amadziwika ndi dzina loti "Budennovtsy".
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Budyonny, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yayifupi ya Semyon Budyonny.
Wambiri Budyonny
Semyon Budyonny adabadwa pa Epulo 13 (25), 1883 pafamu ya Kozyurin (tsopano dera la Rostov). Anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja lalikulu losauka la Mikhail Ivanovich ndi Melania Nikitovna.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Nyengo yozizira yanjala ya 1892 inakakamiza mutu wabanjayo kubwereka ndalama kwa wamalonda, koma Budyonny Sr. sanathe kubweza ndalamazo panthawi. Zotsatira zake, wobwereketsayo adapatsa alimiwo kuti amupatse mwana wake Semyon ngati wantchito chaka chimodzi.
Abambo sanafune kuvomera pempholi, koma sanawone njira ina. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti mnyamatayo sanasungire makolo ake mkwiyo, koma m'malo mwake, amafuna kuwathandiza, chifukwa chake adayamba kugwira ntchito yamalonda.
Patatha chaka, Semyon Budyonny sanabwerere kwawo, ndikupitilizabe kutumikira mwini wake. Patapita zaka zingapo adatumizidwa kukathandiza wosula. Pakadali pano mu mbiriyakale, mtsogoleri wamtsogolo adazindikira kuti ngati samalandira maphunziro oyenera, adzatumikira wina kwa moyo wake wonse.
Wachinyamatayo adagwirizana ndi wogulitsa wamalonda kuti ngati amuphunzitsa kuwerenga ndi kulemba, ndiye kuti, amugwirira ntchito zonse zapakhomo. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti kumapeto kwa sabata, Semyon amabwerera kunyumba, amathera nthawi yake yonse yaulere ndi abale apamtima.
Budyonny Sr. adasewera balalaika mwaluso, pomwe Semyon ankadziwa kusewera harmonica. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mtsogolomo Stalin amupempha mobwerezabwereza kuti achite "The Lady".
Mpikisano wamahatchi inali imodzi mwazokonda za Semyon Budyonny. Ali ndi zaka 17, adakhala wopambana pa mpikisanowu, wophatikizidwa kuti adzafanane ndi Nduna ya Nkhondo m'mudzimo. Mtumikiyo adadabwa kuti mnyamatayo adapitilira a Cossacks odziwa kukwera pamahatchi mpaka adampatsa ndalama zasiliva.
Pasanapite nthawi, Budyonny anasintha ntchito zambiri, atatha kugwira ntchito yoponya, wozimitsa moto komanso wamisala. M'dzinja la 1903, mnyamatayo adalembedwa usilikali.
Ntchito yankhondo
Panthawiyi mu mbiri yake, Semyon anali mgulu lankhondo lachifumu ku Far East. Atalipira ngongole kudziko lakwawo, adakhalabe pantchito yayitali. Anatenga nawo gawo pankhondo ya Russo-Japan (1904-1905), akudziwonetsa kuti ndi msirikali wolimba mtima.
Mu 1907, Budyonny, monga wokwera bwino kwambiri m'chigawochi, adatumizidwa ku St. Apa adakwanitsanso kukwera mahatchi bwino, atamaliza maphunziro awo ku Officer Cavalry School. Chaka chotsatira adabwerera ku Primorsky Dragoon Regiment.
Pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse (1914-1918) Semyon Budyonny adapitilizabe kumenya nkhondo ngati msilikali wosapatsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa cha kulimba mtima kwake adapatsidwa mphotho ya St. George Crosses ndi mendulo za madigiri onse anayi.
Mwamunayo analandira umodzi wa mtanda wa St. George chifukwa chokhoza kutenga wamndende gulu lalikulu lachijeremani ndi chakudya chochuluka. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti Budyonny anali omenyera nkhondo 33 okha omwe adatha kukwera sitimayo ndikugwira anthu aku Germany okhala ndi zida zokwanira 200.
Mu mbiri ya Semyon Mikhailovich pali chochitika chosangalatsa kwambiri chomwe chingasanduke tsoka kwa iye. Tsiku lina, mkulu wina wamkulu anayamba kumunyoza ngakhale kumumenya kumaso.
Budyonny sanathe kudziletsa ndikubwezeretsanso wolakwayo, chifukwa chake kunabuka vuto lalikulu. Izi zidapangitsa kuti adalandidwe 1st St. George Cross ndipo adadzudzulidwa. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti patatha miyezi ingapo Semyon adatha kubweza mphothoyo chifukwa chogwiranso ntchito bwino.
Cha m'ma 1917, apakavalo adasamutsidwa kupita ku Minsk, komwe adapatsidwa udindo wa wapampando wa komiti yoyang'anira. Kenako, pamodzi ndi Mikhail Frunze, ankalamulira njira yolandirira asitikali a Lavr Kornilov.
Pamene a Bolsheviks adayamba kulamulira, Budyonny adakhazikitsa gulu lankhondo lankhondo, lomwe lidachita nawo nkhondo ndi azungu. Pambuyo pake, adapitilizabe kugwira ntchito m'gulu loyamba la anthu wamba okwera pamahatchi.
Popita nthawi, adayamba kukhulupirira Semyon kuti azilamula asitikali ambiri. Izi zidapangitsa kuti azitsogolera gulu lonse, akusangalala ndi ulamuliro waukulu ndi omvera ndi oyang'anira. Chakumapeto kwa 1919 Horse Corps idakhazikitsidwa motsogozedwa ndi Budyonny.
Chipanichi chinalimbana bwino ndi magulu ankhondo a Wrangel ndi Denikin, atakwanitsa kupambana nkhondo zambiri zofunika. Kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni, Semyon Mikhailovich adatha kuchita zomwe amakonda. Iye anamanga mabizinezi okwera, amene ankachita nawo kuswana kavalo.
Zotsatira zake, ogwira ntchitowa adapanga mitundu yatsopano - "Budennovskaya" ndi "Terskaya". Pofika 1923, mwamunayo adali wothandizira wamkulu wa Red Army kwa okwera pamahatchi. Mu 1932 anamaliza maphunziro awo ku Military Academy. Frunze, ndipo patatha zaka zitatu adapatsidwa ulemu wa Marshal wa Soviet Union.
Ngakhale kuti Budyonny anali ndi mphamvu zosatsutsika, panali ambiri omwe amamuneneza kuti wapereka mwayi kwa omwe kale anali anzawo. Kotero, mu 1937 iye anali wothandizira kuwombera kwa Bukharin ndi Rykov. Kenako anathandiza kuwombera Tukhachevsky ndi Rudzutak, kuwatcha iwo scoundrels.
Madzulo a Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) Semyon Budyonny adakhala kazembe woyamba wa chitetezo cha USSR. Anapitilizabe kulengeza zakufunika kwa okwera pamahatchi kutsogolo komanso kuthekera kwake poyendetsa ziwopsezo.
Pakutha kwa 1941, panali magulu opitilira 80 okwera pamahatchi. Pambuyo pake, Semyon Budyonny adalamula magulu ankhondo akumwera chakumadzulo ndi kumwera, omwe amateteza Ukraine.
Pa lamulo lake, malo opangira magetsi a Dnieper adaphulitsidwa ku Zaporozhye. Mitsinje yamphamvu yamadzi otumphukira idapangitsa kufa kwa anthu ambiri achifascist. Komabe, asitikali ambiri a Red Army ndi anthu wamba adamwalira. Zida zamakampani nawonso zidawonongedwa.
Olemba mbiri ya a marshal akadakanganabe ngati zomwe adachitazo zinali zoyenera. Pambuyo pake, a Budyonny adapatsidwa udindo woyang'anira Reserve Front. Ndipo ngakhale anali pantchitoyi osachepera mwezi umodzi, zopereka zake poteteza Moscow zinali zofunikira.
Kumapeto kwa nkhondoyi, mwamunayo adachita nawo chitukuko chaulimi ndi ziweto m'boma. Iye, monga kale, adasamalira kwambiri mafakitale amahatchi. Hatchi yake yomwe ankakonda kutchedwa Sophist, yemwe anali wolimba kwambiri kwa Semyon Mikhailovich kotero kuti adatsimikiza njira yake ndikulira kwa injini yamagalimoto.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti atamwalira mwini wake, Sophist adalira ngati munthu. Osati mtundu wamahatchi okha omwe adatchedwa dzina lodziwika bwino la marshal, komanso chovala chovala chovala chodziwika bwino - budenovka.
Mbali yapadera ya Semyon Budyonny ndi ndevu zake "zapamwamba". Malinga ndi mtundu wina, mu unyamata wake, masharubu amodzi a Budyonny akuti "adachita imvi" chifukwa chakuphulika kwa mfuti. Pambuyo pake, mnyamatayo adayamba kutsitsa masharubu ake, kenako adaganiza zometa.
Joseph Stalin atazindikira izi, adamuyimitsa Budyonny ndikunena kuti sanali masharubu ake, koma masharubu wamba. Kaya izi ndi zoona sizikudziwika, koma nkhaniyi ndi yotchuka kwambiri. Monga mukudziwa, atsogoleri ambiri ofiira anazunzidwa, koma kazembeyo adatha kupulumuka.
Palinso nthano yonena za izi. "Funnel wakuda" atafika kwa Semyon Budyonny, akuti adatulutsa lupanga ndikufunsa "Woyamba ndi ndani?!"
Stalin atanenedwa zachinyengo za wamkuluyo, adangoseka ndikumuyamika Budyonny. Pambuyo pake, palibe amene adabvutitsanso mwamunayo.
Koma pali mtundu wina, malinga ndi momwe wokwera pamahatchi adayamba kuwombera "alendo" kuchokera mfuti yamakina. Adachita mantha ndipo nthawi yomweyo adapita kukadandaula kwa Stalin. Atamva za nkhaniyi, a Generalissimo adalamula kuti asakhudze Budyonny, nati "wopusa wakale siowopsa."
Moyo waumwini
Kwa zaka zambiri za mbiri yake, Semyon Mikhailovich adakwatirana katatu. Mkazi wake woyamba anali Nadezhda Ivanovna. Mtsikanayo adamwalira mu 1925 chifukwa chogwira mfuti mosasamala.
Mkazi wachiwiri wa Budyonny anali woyimba wa opera Olga Stefanovna. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, anali wocheperako zaka 20 kuposa amuna awo. Anali ndi zibwenzi zambiri ndi alendo ochokera kunja, chifukwa chake anali kuyang'aniridwa ndi oyang'anira a NKVD.
Olga anali mndende mu 1937 pomuganizira zaukazitape komanso pofuna kupha poizoni. Anakakamizidwa kupereka umboni wotsutsana ndi Semyon Budyonny, pambuyo pake adathamangitsidwa kundende. Mkazi anamasulidwa mu 1956 mothandizidwa ndi Budyonny yekha.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti pa nthawi ya Stalin, a marshal adaganiza kuti mkazi wake salinso wamoyo, chifukwa ndi momwe mabungwe achinsinsi aku Soviet Union adamuwuzira. Pambuyo pake, adathandiza Olga m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Kachitatu, Budyonny adatsikira pamsewu ndi Maria, msuweni wa mkazi wake wachiwiri. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti anali wamkulu zaka 33 kuposa wosankhidwa wake, yemwe amamukonda kwambiri. Mgwirizanowu, banjali linali ndi mtsikana, Nina, ndi anyamata awiri, Sergei ndi Mikhail.
Imfa
Semyon Budyonny adamwalira pa Okutobala 26, 1973 ali ndi zaka 90. Chifukwa cha imfa yake chinali kukha mwazi muubongo. Soviet marshal adayikidwa m'manda ku Kremlin wall pa Red Square.
Zithunzi za Budyonny
