Msonkhano wa Tehran

Msonkhano wa Tehran - msonkhano woyamba wa Big Three mzaka za nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse (1939-1945) - atsogoleri a 3 akuti: Joseph Stalin (USSR), Franklin Delano Roosevelt (USA) ndi Winston Churchill (Great Britain), womwe unachitikira ku Tehran kuyambira Novembala 28 mpaka Disembala 1, 1943

M'makalata achinsinsi a atsogoleri amayiko atatu, dzina lamsonkhanoyo lidagwiritsidwa ntchito - "Eureka".

Zolinga zamsonkhanowu

Pofika kumapeto kwa 1943, kusintha kwa nkhondo yokomera mgwirizano wotsutsana ndi Hitler kudawonekera kwa aliyense. Zotsatira zake, msonkhanowu udafunikira kuti pakhale njira yabwino yowonongera Ulamuliro Wachitatu ndi anzawo. Pachifukwachi, zisankho zofunika zidapangidwa pokhudzana ndi nkhondo komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwamtendere:

1. Ogwirizana adatsegula kutsogolo kwachiwiri ku France;
2. Kukweza mutu wopereka ufulu ku Iran;
3. Yambani kulingalira za funso laku Poland;
4. Kuyamba kwa nkhondo pakati pa USSR ndi Japan kudagwirizana pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Germany;
5. Malire a dongosolo ladziko pambuyo pa nkhondo afotokozedwa;
6. Mgwirizano wamalingaliro wakwaniritsidwa pakukhazikitsidwa kwamtendere ndi chitetezo padziko lonse lapansi.

Kutsegulidwa kwa "kutsogolo kwachiwiri"

Nkhani yayikulu inali kutsegula gawo lachiwiri ku Western Europe. Mbali iliyonse inkayesetsa kupeza zabwino zake, kulimbikitsa ndikutsindika pamalingaliro ake. Izi zidapangitsa kuti pakhale zokambirana zazitali zomwe sizinapambane.

Atawona kusowa chiyembekezo kwa izi pamsonkhano wina wokhazikika, Stalin adadzuka pampando wake, natembenukira kwa Voroshilov ndi Molotov, mokwiya adati: "Tili ndi zambiri zoti tichite kunyumba kutaya nthawi kuno. Palibe chabwino, monga momwe ndikuwonera, chomwe chikuchitika. Panali mphindi yovuta.

Zotsatira zake, a Churchill, posafuna kusokoneza msonkhanowo, adagwirizana kuti agwirizane. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pamsonkhano wa ku Tehran nkhani zambiri zokhudzana ndi mavuto omwe anachitika pambuyo pa nkhondo zidaganiziridwa.

Funso la Germany

USA idafuna kugawanika kwa Germany, pomwe USSR idalimbikira kuti pakhale mgwirizano. Komanso, Britain idafuna kuti bungwe la Danube lipangidwe, momwe madera ena aku Germany amayenera kukhalira.

Zotsatira zake, atsogoleri a mayiko atatuwa sanathe kunena chimodzi pankhaniyi. Pambuyo pake mutuwu udakwezedwa ku London Commission, komwe nthumwi za mayiko atatuwa adayitanidwa.

Funso laku Poland

Zomwe dziko la Poland limanena kumadera akumadzulo kwa Belarus ndi Ukraine zidakwaniritsidwa pomwe zidawononga Germany. Monga malire kum'mawa, adakonzedwa kuti ajambule mzere wokhala ndi malire - mzere wa Curzon. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti Soviet Union idalandira malo kumpoto kwa East Prussia, kuphatikiza Konigsberg (tsopano Kaliningrad), ngati chikumbutso.

Pambuyo pa nkhondo dziko lapansi

Imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu pamsonkhano wa ku Tehran, zokhudzana ndi kulandidwa kwa malo, idakhudza mayiko a Baltic. Stalin adaumirira kuti Lithuania, Latvia ndi Estonia akhale gawo la USSR.

Nthawi yomweyo, a Roosevelt ndi a Churchill adayitanitsa kuti njira yolowera ikuchitika malinga ndi plebiscite (referendum).

Malinga ndi akatswiri, udindo chabe wa atsogoleri a United States ndi Great Britain kwenikweni anavomereza kulowa mayiko Baltic mu USSR. Ndiye kuti, mbali imodzi, sanazindikire kulowa uku, koma mbali inayo, sanatsutse.

Nkhani zachitetezo mdziko la nkhondo itatha

Chifukwa cha zokambirana zabwino pakati pa atsogoleri a Big Three pankhani zachitetezo padziko lonse lapansi, United States idapereka lingaliro loti akhazikitse bungwe lapadziko lonse lapansi lotengera mfundo za United Nations.

Nthawi yomweyo, gawo lazokonda za bungweli siliyenera kuphatikizapo nkhani zankhondo. Chifukwa chake, zidasiyana ndi League of Nations yomwe idalipo kale ndipo zimayenera kukhala ndi matupi atatu:

• Bungwe wamba lomwe limapangidwa ndi mamembala onse a United Nations, lomwe lingopereka mayankho ndikuchita misonkhano m'malo osiyanasiyana momwe dziko lililonse lingafotokozere malingaliro awo.
• Executive Committee imayimilidwa ndi USSR, USA, Britain, China, mayiko awiri aku Europe, dziko limodzi la Latin America, dziko limodzi la Middle East komanso umodzi mwamalamulo aku Britain. Komiti yotere imayenera kuchita nawo zomwe sizokhudza usilikali.
• Komiti yapolisi kumaso kwa USSR, USA, Britain ndi China, yomwe iyenera kuyang'anira kuteteza mtendere, kuletsa nkhanza zatsopano kuchokera ku Germany ndi Japan.

Stalin ndi Churchill anali ndi malingaliro awo pankhaniyi. Mtsogoleri waku Soviet amakhulupirira kuti ndibwino kupanga mabungwe awiri (limodzi ku Europe, lina ku Far East kapena dziko).

Pomwepo, Prime Minister waku Britain amafuna kupanga mabungwe atatu - aku Europe, Far Eastern ndi America. Pambuyo pake, Stalin sanatsutse kupezeka kwa bungwe lokhalo padziko lonse lapansi lomwe limayang'anira dongosolo padziko lapansi. Zotsatira zake, pamsonkhano wa ku Tehran, mapurezidenti adalephera kufikira chilichonse.

Kuyesera kupha atsogoleri a "akulu atatu"

Atamva za msonkhano womwe ukubwera wa Tehran, utsogoleri waku Germany udakonza zothetsa omwe akutenga nawo mbali. Ntchitoyi idatchulidwa kuti "Long Jump".

Mlembi wake anali Saboteur wotchuka Otto Skorzeny, amene nthawi ina anamasula Mussolini ku ukapolo, komanso anachita angapo ntchito zina bwino. Skorzeny adavomereza pambuyo pake kuti ndi amene adapatsidwa udindo wochotsa Stalin, Churchill ndi Roosevelt.

Chifukwa cha machitidwe apamwamba a akazitape aku Soviet ndi Britain, atsogoleri amgwirizano wotsutsana ndi Hitler adatha kudziwa zamayesero ofuna kuwapha.

Ma wayilesi onse a Nazi adasinthidwa. Atamva zakulephera, Ajeremani adakakamizidwa kuvomereza kuti agonjetsedwa.

Zolemba zingapo komanso makanema owjambulidwa adajambulidwa pazoyesayesa izi zakupha, kuphatikiza kanema "Tehran-43" Alain Delon adagwira gawo limodzi mwama tepi iyi.

Chithunzi cha Msonkhano wa Tehran

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