Buku la vesi "Eugene Onegin" linakhala kusintha kwenikweni m'mabuku achi Russia. Ndipo pakuwona chiwembucho, komanso pakuwona chilankhulo, komanso ngati njira yodziwonetsera yolemba, "Eugene Onegin" alibe zofananira m'mabuku achi Russia. Ndikokwanira kuwerenga zolemba ndakatulo zopangidwa ndi omwe adatsogola a Pushkin kuti timvetse kuti malingaliro onse okhudzana ndi chitukuko cha mabuku achi Russia, okondedwa ndi Soviet, makamaka, kutsutsa, siumboni woyenera wazotsatira zomwe zidakonzedweratu.
Ntchito yolembedwa - osachita chilichonse, inde - mchilankhulo chamoyo idasiyana kwambiri ndi zitsanzo zomwe zilipo kale. Otsutsa, omwe adazindikira "Eugene Onegin" m'malo mopanda tanthauzo, adadzudzula Pushkin pazinthu monga kuphatikiza mawu oti "wamba" ndi "wopambana" mu mzere umodzi - liwu lodziwika bwino, malinga ndi malingaliro a ndakatulo imeneyo, sakanakhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi liwu lapamwamba loti "kupambana". Mawu oti "fumbi losalala ndi siliva kolala yake ya beaver" sakanatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu ndakatulo, chifukwa kolala ya beaver ndichinthu chonyansa, sichinali kuvala ndi Orestes, Zeus, kapena Achilles.
Ma ruble asanu pamutu + 80 kopecks zonyamula. Stephen King akadaphunzira mosamala mbiri yazolemba zaku Russia, akadakhala wolemera kwambiri
"Eugene Onegin" adakhala wopambana pamalingaliro amalingaliro, chilankhulo chake, komanso kuti wolemba, pofotokoza za anthuwo, sachita manyazi kufotokoza malingaliro ake. Pushkin sanangotchulapo chiwembu china, komanso adatsimikizira kukula kwake, amafotokozera zamaganizidwe zochita za ngwazi. Ndipo kapangidwe kake ka wolemba kakhazikika pamaziko amphamvu a chidziwitso cha moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, malamulo okhwima omwe sanathandize kwambiri pakudziyimira pawokha kwa ngwazi. Apa pali kufunika kwa Onegin kuti apite kumudzi, ndipo "Ndipatsidwa kwa wina", ndipo "Chikondi chadutsa, muse yawonekera". Ndipo nthawi yomweyo Pushkin amafuna kuwonetsa kuti chifuniro cha munthu chimatanthauza kanthu. Izi zikuwoneka bwino kwambiri m'mizere, yomwe ili, epitaph ya Lensky.
Nazi zinthu zingapo zomwe zingathandize kumvetsetsa bwino imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri zolemba zaku Russia komanso mbiri yakapangidwe kake:
1. Pushkin analibe lingaliro limodzi la chiwembu cha "Eugene Onegin". Mmodzi mwa makalatawa, akudandaula kuti Tatiana "adathawa" naye - adakwatirana. Komabe, talente ya ndakatuloyi ndiyabwino kwambiri kotero kuti ntchitoyi imawoneka yolimba, ngati monolith. Chizindikiro cha "kusonkhanitsa machaputala okongola" a Pushkin akunena za nthawi yofalitsa, chifukwa mutu uliwonse udasindikizidwa mosiyana.
2. PAMENE Pushkin adalipira mu buku lolembedwa ndi ma ruble 12,000. Ndiye kuti, pamzere uliwonse (pali opitilira 7,500), wolemba ndakatulo adalandira pafupifupi 1.5 ruble. Ndizovuta kuwerengetsa ndalama zomwe Pushkin adapeza mu ma ruble amakono - mitengo ndi mtengo zinali zosiyana. Ngati tipitilira pamitengo yazosavuta, tsopano Pushkin akanalandira pafupifupi ma ruble mamiliyoni 11-12. Wolemba ndakatuloyu adatenga zaka zoposa 7 kuti alembe bukuli.
3. Nthawi zambiri mutha kukumana ndi zonena kuti Pushkin adalongosola bwino kwambiri mbali ya tsiku ndi tsiku ya moyo wapamwamba wazaka zomwezo. Belinsky nthawi zambiri amalemba za bukuli ngati buku lofotokoza za moyo waku Russia. Pali mafotokozedwe okwanira a mizere ya moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ku Eugene Onegin, koma patadutsa theka la zana atatulutsidwa bukuli, zinthu zambiri m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku zidakhala zosamvetsetseka kwa owerenga.
4. Zikumbutso ndi makalata am'masiku ano zimatsimikizira kulongosola kwamalingaliro kwa otchulidwa mu "Eugene Onegin". Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Alexander Sergeenich "adawalembetsa" m'bukuli. Koma Wilhelm Küchelbecker wodziwika bwino adapita patali kwambiri. Malinga ndi Kyukhli, Pushkin adadziwonetsera yekha m'chifanizo cha Tatiana.
5. Ngakhale lingaliro lomveka la Kuchelbecker, Pushkin ndi m'modzi mwa anthu otchulidwa m'buku lake. Ndipo ichi ndiye chithumwa chapadera cha ntchitoyi. Wolemba nthawi zonse amalowa nawo ndemanga zake, malongosoledwe ake ndi mafotokozedwe ake, ngakhale komwe sikofunikira konse. Kuyenda mozungulira, Pushkin amatha kuseka miyambo yabwino, ndikufotokozera zomwe amphonawo amachita, ndikufotokozera malingaliro ake kwa iwo. Ndipo zopulumuka zonsezi zimawoneka mwachilengedwe ndipo sizingang'ambe nkhaniyo.
6. Ngongole, malonjezo, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimatchulidwa kawirikawiri m'bukuli, zinali mliri wa olemekezeka okha, komanso olemera mzaka za bukuli. Boma lidali lochititsa izi: olemekezeka adatenga ndalama ku State Bank pazachitetezo cha malo ndi ma serf. Ngongole inatha - adatenga yatsopano, yanyumba yotsatira kapena "miyoyo" yotsatira. Ngongole zapadera pa 10-12% pachaka zinagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
7. Onegin sanatumikire kulikonse kwa tsiku limodzi, zomwe zinali zongopeka chabe. Monga mwachizolowezi, olemekezekawo adapita kunkhondo. Ntchito zankhondo, kupatula madera angapo monga zokambirana, zinali zopanda phindu, koma pafupifupi aliyense adatumikira kwinakwake. Olemekezeka omwe adasiya ntchito patatha zaka zingapo akuwonedwa kuti ndiwopatsidwa ulemu pagulu komanso mwamphamvu. Ndipo m'malo opumira adapatsidwa mahatchi ocheperako, komaliza.
8. Chaputala XXXIX mu gawo lachisanu ndi chiwiri sichiphonya ndipo sichidetsedwa chifukwa chofufuza - Pushkin adachiyambitsa kuti chilimbikitse chidwi cha kutalika kwa ulendo wa Larins wopita ku Moscow.
9. Za zoyendera: pitani "nokha" - gwiritsani ntchito akavalo anu ndi ngolo. Kutalika, koma wotsika mtengo. "Ku positi ofesi" - kusintha akavalo m'malo aposachedwa, pomwe mwina sangakhalepo, ndipo malamulowo anali okhwima. Zokwera mtengo kwambiri, koma mwachangu kwambiri. "Ogwira ntchito" - yomwe inali galimoto yakunja. "Boyarsky ngolo" - sleigh ophimba. Pofika ku Moscow, ngolozo zinabisika ndipo ngolo "zotsogola" zinalembedwa.
Ngolo za chisanu siziopa. Mutha kuwona ...
10. Onegin amayenda mophimbidwa nthawi ya 1 koloko pachifukwa. Inali nthawi imeneyi pomwe Emperor Alexander I adayenda mosasunthika, komwe kudakopa mazana a nthumwi za dziko lapansi kuti adzagwirizane.
11. "Palibenso malo akuvomereza ..." kuposa mpira. Zowonadi, malo okhawo omwe achinyamata amatha kuyankhula popanda kuyang'aniridwa kapena kutchera khutu anali mpira. Kusungidwa kwa mipira ndi machitidwe a omwe atenga nawo mbali zinali zoyendetsedwa mosamalitsa (mu Chaputala 1, Onegin akuwonekera pa mpira kutalika kwa mazurka, ndiye kuti wachedwa mochedwa), koma kuvina kunapangitsa kuti, ngati titero, kupuma pakati pagulu laphokoso.
12. Kusanthula kwa duel ya Onegin ndi Lensky komanso zomwe zidachitika kale kukuwonetsa kuti manejala wa duel, Zaretsky, anali ndi chidwi pazifukwa zamagazi pazifukwa zina. Malamulowo adalangiza manejala kuti ayesetse kukwaniritsa bata pamlingo uliwonse isanachitike duel. Ngakhale pamalo a duel, Onegin atachedwa ola limodzi, Zaretsky adatha kuletsa duel (malamulowo sanalolere kuchedwa kwa mphindi 15). Ndipo malamulo owombera okha - osunthira mpaka masitepe 10 - anali ankhanza kwambiri. Pankhondo zotere, onse omwe amatenga nawo mbali nthawi zambiri amavutika.
13. Ponena za malingaliro a Onegin kwa Lensky, omwe wolemba amadziwika kuti ndi chikondi, sitimvetsetsa chifukwa chake Onegin sanaponyedwe molakwika. Evgeny analibe ufulu wotero. Kuwombera mlengalenga kunali kale chifukwa cha duel, chifukwa kumana mdani kusankha - m'masiku amenewo, chinthu chosavomerezeka. Komabe, asanawombere Onegin, a duelists adayenda masitepe 9 (woyamba 4, kenako 5 enanso), ndiye kuti panali masitepe 14 okha pakati pawo - mtunda wowopsa ngati mkwiyo wa Lensky ndiwowopsa.
Masitepe 10 kutali ...
14. Onegin wachichepere, atafika ku St. Petersburg, anameta tsitsi lake "mwanjira yatsopano." Imeneyi inali tsitsi lalifupi m'Chingerezi, pomwe ometa tsitsi aku France adatenga ma ruble 5. Yerekezerani: banja landown, kusuntha kwa dzinja ku Nizhny Novgorod ku St. Petersburg pa zoyendera zawo, zokwanira mtengo wa 20 rubles, kuyenda pa awiri magalimoto awiri ndi ngolo. Pafupifupi renti ya wolima serf anali ma ruble 20-25 pachaka.
15. Mu stanza X ya Chaputala 2, Pushkin mwanzeru adanyoza nyimbo zomwe olemba ndakatulo zodziwika bwino amati "mwezi ndiwowonekera," "womvera, wosavuta," "wodekha, wofatsa," "zaka - zaka," ndi zina zambiri.
16. Mabuku adatchulidwa m'bukhu katatu kokha, ndipo awa ndi ntchito za olemba 17 popanda dongosolo lililonse.
17. Kusazindikira chilankhulo cha Chirasha kwa olemekezeka m'zaka za zana la 19 tsopano kukuwoneka ngati malo wamba. Chifukwa chake a Tatiana a Pushkin "samadziwa Chirasha pang'ono." Koma sizophweka. Malembo achi Russia anali osawuka kwambiri potengera kuchuluka kwa ntchito. Anthu amakono amatchula "Mbiri" ya Karamzin ndi zolembalemba zingapo, pomwe mabuku azilankhulo zakunja anali osiyana kwambiri.
18. Mzere wosalakwa wonena za ziwombankhanga pamtanda wa mipingo ya ku Moscow unadzutsa mkwiyo wa Metropolitan Filaret, yemwe analemba za izi kwa A. Kh. Benkendorf, yemwe anali woyang'anira kufufuzako. "Wozunza Pushkin". Woyang'anira woyitanidwa ndi wamkulu wa nthambi yachitatu adauza Benckendorff kuti ma jackdaw omwe amakhala pamtanda nthawi zambiri amatha kuthekera kwa mkulu wapolisi kuposa wolemba ndakatulo kapena wofufuza. Benckendorff sananyoze Filaret ndipo adangolemba kuti nkhaniyi siyofunika kuyang'aniridwa ndi wolamulira wamkuluyo.
A. Benckendorff mosalekeza anafalitsa zowola motsutsana ndi Pushkin, kulipira ngongole zake ndikudzitchinjiriza pamaso pa tchalitchi kapena kuwunika
19. Ngakhale zopempha za anthu komanso mkwiyo wa otsutsa (pambuyo pake Belinsky m'nkhani yovuta adafunsa mafunso 9 opanda mafunso motsatizana za izi), Pushkin sanamalize chiwembu cha Eugene Onegin. Osati chifukwa adafuna kulemba "Eugene Onegin-2". Kale m'mizere yoperekedwa kwa imfa ya Lensky, wolemba amakana kuikidwiratu kwa moyo uliwonse. Kwa wowerenga aliyense, kutha kwa "Eugene Onegin" kuyenera kukhala kwayekha kufikira momwe amamvetsetsa za ntchitoyi.
20. Pali mutu wa 10 wa "Eugene Onegin", wopangidwa ndi mafani ochokera pazosalira za Pushkin. Tikayang'ana zomwe zili, okonda ndakatulo sanasangalale ndi ziwonetsero za gawo lalikulu la bukuli. Amakhulupirira kuti Pushkin amawopa kupondereza komanso kupondereza, motero adawononga mawuwo, omwe adatha kuwabwezeretsa pantchito yankhondo. M'malo mwake, "chaputala cha 10" cha Eugene Onegin sichikugwirizana konse ndi zolemba zazikulu za bukuli.
