Ngakhale nkhani yaying'ono yokhudza moyo ndi imfa ya Jeanne d'Arc singachite popanda kutchula zinsinsi komanso kumverera kwa manja akuda.
Kumbali imodzi, panthawi yomwe olemekezeka aku France akhala pansi, pepani, ndi mathalauza athunthu kunja kwa makoma anyumba kapena kumunda, koma kutali ndi aku Britain, wachinyamata wachinyamata amawoneka (izi ndi zomwe omenyera ufulu adamutcha, omwe analibe kalikonse ndipo palibe amene angachite manyazi kupatula awo mantha), zomwe zimalimbikitsa anthu wamba kuti amenyane ndi alendo. Msungwana, komwe mwa kutsuka, komwe amapindika, amapanga atsogoleri, makutu ndi anzawo akumenya nkhondo ndikutchinjiriza ufulu wadzikolo.
Kumbali inayi, atsogoleri ndi owerengera, mwayi ukangowonekera, akuwoneka kuti achotsedwa pamaso pa mfumu ngati Joan wosankhidwa ndi Mulungu ndipo, posamba m'manja, amapereka mwayi wopereka mwayi kwa Namwali wa Orleans.
Kodi wamba angapangitse bwanji olemekezeka kumenya nkhondo panthawi yovuta? Zingatheke bwanji kuti mphatso yake ingakane nthawi yomweyo ndikulephera pang'ono?
Ndipo Sabata, lomwe lidayamba ndikulemekeza Jeanne pambuyo pa zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi zomupatsa mlandu, zikuchitira umboni kuti mchitidwe wonyoza udali munkhono kunyumba yachifumu yaku France, komanso pakati pa olemekezeka, komanso ku Tchalitchi cha Katolika. Ofufuza pakadali pano atha kutenga nthawi yayitali kuti afufuze kufanana kwa dzina la woweruza wamkulu wa Namwali wa Orleans Pierre Cauchon ndi liwu lachifalansa "nyani" ndikumuneneza zaimfa ya Jeanne (ena amafika mpaka kufika poti Cauchon adapulumutsa Jeanne ndi chigamulo chake, kenako adakhala incognito kwa zaka zambiri). Cauchon yakhala chithunzi choyenera - inde, sayenera kuwerengera, atsogoleri, kapena, Mulungu aletse, mafumu kuti aphedwe chifukwa cha imfa ya msungwana wazaka 19. Jeanne adasinthidwa mwachangu, aliyense amene amafunikira, adasinthidwa mwazi, ndipo tchalitchi ndi korona zonse zidakhala zoyera komanso zopanda tchimo.
Chodzikanira choyenera: muzochitika ndi nkhani zomwe zili pansipa, mayina "Chingerezi" ndi "Chifalansa" ndiwokakamira kwambiri. Dziwani ndiye kuti amafuna kusecha kuyanjana ndi dziko kapena malo - aliyense anali ndi malo mbali iyi ndi mbali iyi ya English Channel. Anthu wamba, mbali inayi, adatsimikiza mtundu wawo kutsutsana: "Sitife a Burgundian" kapena "Sitikufuna kukhala aku Britain". Chifukwa chake, "aku Britain" akuyenera kumvedwa ngati "olemekezeka komanso asitikali, panthawiyo akumenyera zofuna za mfumu yaku England", komanso mawu oti "French", motsatana - "Dziwani ndipo asitikali anakhalabe okhulupirika ku korona waku France". Panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa omwe anali mgululi, zomwe zidatenga zaka zoposa 100.
1. Jeanne adabadwira m'mudzi wa Domrémy kumalire a France ndi Duchy ya Lorraine kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa France. Nyumba ya banja la Namwaliyo ndi tchalitchi ndi font, momwe adabatizidwira, zidakalipobe mpaka pano.
2. Tsiku lobadwa kwa Virgo silikudziwika kwenikweni. Tsiku lovomerezeka pa Januware 6, 1412 sikungokhala kunyengerera kwa akatswiri olemba mbiri - Jeanne akanatha kubadwa mu 1408, ndipo tsiku lobadwa la mwanayo limatha kukhala nthawi yofanana ndi tchuthi chodziwika bwino ku tchalitchi.
3. Dzina lenileni la Jeanne ndi Mdima. Chosiyana ndi "wolemekezeka" kalembedwe "d'Ark" chinawonekera atamwalira.
4. Jeanne adayamba kumva mawu achinsinsi kuyambira ali ndi zaka 13. Anali a Saint Catherine, Saint Margaret komanso Michael Wamkulu. Voices, mwatsatanetsatane, adauza msungwanayo kuti cholinga chake ndikupulumutsa France.
5. M'ngululu ya 1428, oyera mtima adapatsa Jeanne malangizo achindunji - kuti apite kunkhondo kwa Captain Robert de Baudricourt ndikumufunsa kuti auze Dauphin kuti sayenera kumenya nawo nkhondo mpaka masika a chaka chamawa. A De Baudricourt adanyoza mlendoyo ndikumubweza kwawo.
6. Atabwerera kuchokera kunkhondo, Jeanne adamva kuti kuwukira kwa anthu aku Burgundi kwasokoneza malo awo. Izi zidalimbitsa kutsimikiza kwake kwamtsogolo. Chaka chotsatira, adabwereranso kunkhondo, nthawi yomweyo amatha kulimbana ndi zolinga za abambo ake zoti amukwatire.
7. Kuwonekera kwachiwiri kwa Jeanne kunkhondo kunalandiridwa bwino kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, lingaliro lazovala za abambo lidabuka - zinali zotetezeka kuyenda momwemo.
8. Dauphin, mfumu yamtsogolo Charles VII, panthawi yolandila kwa Jeanne adayesa kusakanikirana ndi oimira ena olemekezeka, koma mtsikanayo adamuzindikira. Jeanne nthawi yomweyo adamufotokozera tanthauzo la mishoni yomwe akuti wamupatsa.
9. Jeanne adayang'aniridwa ndi mabungwe awiri. Mmodzi adakhazikitsa unamwali wake, wachiwiri adakhulupirira kuti kulibe kulumikizana ndi mdierekezi. Poyankha mafunso a komiti yachiwiriyo, Virgo adaneneratu 4: Orleans adzamasulidwa kuzingidwa, mfumu idzapatsidwa korona ku Rheims (malo achikhalidwe, panthawiyo olandidwa ndi aku Britain), aku France alanda Paris, ndipo Duke waku Orleans abwerera kuchokera ku ukapolo. Maulosi awiri oyamba adakwaniritsidwa munthawi yake, enanso adakwaniritsidwa, koma patadutsa zaka 7 ndi 11.
10. Nthano yoti France ipulumutsidwa ndi mawonekedwe a Namwali idalipo mdzikolo ngakhale Jeanne d'Arc asanawonekere. Izi zalembedwa.
11. Pa Marichi 22, 1429, Jeanne adatumiza kalata kwa mfumu yaku England ndi nthumwi zapamwamba kwambiri, momwe adapempha a Britain kuti atuluke ku France chifukwa cha imfa. A Britain sanamugwire mwamphamvu, ngakhale adalamula kuti mthenga yemwe adapereka kalatayo aphedwe.
12. Jeanne d'Arc anali ndi malupanga atatu. Mmodzi adaperekedwa kwa iye ndi de Baudricourt, wachiwiri, yemwe akuti ndi lupanga la Karl Martell mwiniwake, adapezeka mu umodzi mwamatchalitchi, wachitatu adagwidwa pankhondo ndi wankhondo waku Burgundian. Iwo adagwira Maiden of Orleans ndi lupanga lomaliza.
13. Pa chikwangwani chomwe Joan adapita kunkhondo, Mulungu adawonetsedwa akugwira Dziko Lapansi, atazunguliridwa ndi angelo.
14. Kuzingidwa kwa Orleans ndi aku Britain kunali kovomerezeka - analibe anthu okwanira ngakhale kutseka nsanamira ndi zinsinsi kuzungulira mzindawo. Chifukwa chake, Jeanne ndi atsogoleri ena ankhondo adalowa mu mzindawu pa Epulo 28, 1429 ndipo adalandilidwa ndi anthu akumudzimo.
Otsogolera omwe anali ku Orleans, mobisa kuchokera kwa Jeanne, adaganiza zoukira Saint-Loup - linga lakutali laku Britain. Chiwembucho chinali chitayamba kale kutsamwitsa pomwe Jeanne, yemwe adafika munthawi yake ndi chikwangwani m'manja mwake, adakwera phiri laphangalo, ndikulimbikitsa Achifalansa kuti amenyane nawo mwamphamvu. Fort Saint-Augustin adatengedwa momwemonso: powona Namwali, asitikali, ali okonzeka kuthawira ku Orleans, adatembenuka ndikuchotsa aku Britain kuti atuluke.
Pa Meyi 7, pankhondo yolimbana ndi linga la Turelle, Jeanne adavulazidwa ndi muvi paphewa. Kuvulala kunali kwakukulu, koma Jeanne adachira msanga. Mwina malingaliro abwino adathandizira izi: Achifalansa adatenga a Turret, ndipo aku Britain adakakamira kuzungulira tsiku lotsatira nkumapita.
17. Ankhondo otchuka, omwe amakhala atakhala kunja kwa mpanda wa Orleans, sanatchule Jeanne mu lipoti lopambana. Anali atapanikizidwa ndi chikumbumtima chawo pomwe chidalembedwa chikalatacho, kutchula kutenga nawo gawo kwa Namwali "pankhondo zina".
18. Nkhondo yaku Orleans, momwe Jeanne adapulumutsira France, ikhoza kukhala yomaliza mdzikolo. Ngakhale kuti mzindawu uli pakatikati, ngakhale kufupi ndi kumpoto kwa France, aku France analibe linga limodzi kumwera kwake. Kusagwirizana kwa mipanda yolumikizirana komanso kulumikizana ndi kufooka kodziwika kwamayiko amfumu. Kulandidwa kwa Orleans kunalola aku Britain kuti adule malowa, omwe amakhala pansi paulamuliro wa France, pakati, ndikuwononga asitikaliwo motsutsana. Chifukwa chake, kuchotsa kuzingidwa kwa Orleans ndi mphindi yofunika kwambiri pa Nkhondo Zaka 100.
"Great France, ndipo kulibe kothawira - kumbuyo kwa Orleans" - Jeanne atha kunena
19. Pokambirana ndi nthumwi za Trois - Jeanne adawakakamiza kuti apereke mzindawo popanda chokana - m'bale wina Richard adabatiza Jeanne ndikumuwaza madzi oyera. "Osadandaula, sindipita," a Virgo adayankha ndikumwetulira.
20. Apachikidwe a Charles VII adachitika pa Julayi 17, 1429 ku Reims. Mwambowu utatha, Joan waku Arc adatembenukira kwa mfumu ndikulosera kuti posachedwa achoka kwa mfumu ndi banja lake.
21. Pafupifupi motsutsana ndi chifuniro cha mfumu, Jeanne adatsogolera asirikali kuti alande Paris. Chuma chokhacho choopsa mwendo chidamuletsa. Ndipo Karl adalamula kuti atulutse asitikaliwo likulu la France.
22. Monga chisonyezero cha zabwino za Jeanne, mfumu idachotsera mudzi wawo misonkho. Anthu okhala ku Domrémy sanawalipire mpaka ku French Revolution.
23. Titha kuganiza kuti kugwidwa kwa Joan ku Compiegne sikunachitike chifukwa cha kusakhulupirika. Maiden waku Orleans adatsogolera mzindawu, pomwe anthu aku Burgundy adayambitsa mwadzidzidzi. Achifalansa adabwerera kumzindawu, ndipo a Guillaume de Flavi, poopa kuti mdaniyo angalowe mzindawo pamapewa a omwe akuthawa, adapereka lamulo lokweza mlatho. Kumbali ina ya ngalandeyi kunali Jeanne, mchimwene wake ndi asitikali ena ochepa ...
24. A Briteni, kudzera mwa otetezera, adagula Namwali ku Count of Luxembourg ndimavidiyo 10,000. Palibe Charles VII kapena Mfalansa wina aliyense yemwe adakweza chala chake kuti awombole kapena kusinthana ndi Jeanne, ngakhale kuwombolera komanso kuwombola akaidi kunali kotchuka pankhondoyo.
25. Zhanna adayesa kawiri kuthawa ukapolo. Nthawi yoyamba yomwe adagwidwa m'bwalo lachifumu, ndipo nthawi yachiwiri, nsalu zomangidwa, zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito ngati chingwe, zidang'ambika.
26. Pakufunsidwa ndi Khoti Lalikulu la Malamulo, Jeanne adayankha mafunso osati molimba mtima komanso momveka bwino, komanso mwanzeru komanso molimba mtima. M'modzi mwa mamembala a khothi atafunsa chilankhulo chomwe amalankhula nawo, adafunsa ndi mawu achimvekere a Provençal, Jeanne adayankha: "Zabwino kwambiri kuposa zanu."
27. Khothi silinathe kuimba mlandu Jeanne d'Arc wampatuko. Mwachidziwitso, anaphedwa chifukwa chovala zovala za amuna. Mwanjira ina, adaweruzidwa atangotsutsidwa.
28. Jeanne adawotchedwa ku Rouen pa Meyi 30, 1431.
Popanda kukhetsa magazi ...
29. Atatulutsa ndakatulo ya Voltaire "Namwali wa Orleans", momwe wolemba adalongosola Namwali mopanda tsankho, m'modzi mwa mbadwa za mchimwene wake wa Jeanne adatumiza Voltaire kukakumana ndi duel, ndikuperekeza ndi hype yokwanira. Ndikosavuta kuyerekezera kuti Voltaire, yemwe akuti saopa Mulungu, kapena mdierekezi, kapena mafumu, adakana duel, ponena za kudwala.
30. Wotchuka Gilles de Rais (woyimira Bluebeard woipa), yemwe adamenya nkhondo ndi Jeanne ndipo pafupifupi adakwanitsa kumupulumutsa, adagwada pamaso pa Namwaliyo, ndikumulemekeza m'njira iliyonse. Anthu akale ankanena kuti ngati a Gilles de Rais anali ndi mlandu wopalamula, malingaliro ake adayamba kutaya nthawi atamwalira Jeanne.
