Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin (1743 - 1816) anali wolemba ndakatulo komanso wolamulira. Adasinthiratu chilankhulo cha ndakatulo, ndikupangitsa kuti chisangalatse komanso chosangalatsa, ndikukonzekera maziko abwino a chilankhulo cha Pushkin. Wolemba ndakatulo wotchedwa Derzhavin anali wotchuka nthawi yonse ya moyo wake, ndakatulo zake zidasindikizidwa pamitundu yayikulu panthawiyo, ndipo ulamuliro wake pakati pa olemba anzawo udali waukulu, monga zikuwonekera m'makumbukiro awo.
Omwe samadziwika ndi Derzhavin kazembe. Koma adakwera kukhala mkulu wa makhansala a Privy (woyenerana ndi wamkulu wonse wankhondo kapena woyang'anira gulu lankhondo). Derzhavin anali pafupi ndi mafumu atatuwo, anali kazembe kawiri, ndipo anali ndi maudindo akuluakulu m'chigawo chapakati champhamvu. Adali ndiudindo waukulu pagulu, ku St. Petersburg nthawi zambiri amapemphedwa kuti athetse milandu yokhudza kuweruza milandu, ndipo ana amasiye angapo anali pansi pake nthawi yomweyo. Nazi zina komanso nkhani zosadziwika kwambiri pamoyo wa Derzhavin:
1. Gabriel Derzhavin anali ndi mlongo wake ndi mchimwene wake, komabe, kufikira zaka zake zowoneka bwino amakhala yekha, ndipo ngakhale anali mwana wofooka kwambiri.
2. Gabriel wachichepere adaphunzira ku Orenburg pasukulu yomwe idatsegulidwa ndi waku Germany yemwe adathawira ku mzindawu chifukwa cha mlandu. Mtundu wa maphunziro mmenemo umagwirizana kwathunthu ndi umwini wa mwini wake.
3. Pomwe anali kuphunzira pa malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi ku Kazan, a Gabriel ndi anzawo adalemba mapu okongola kwambiri m'chigawo cha Kazan, ndikuwakongoletsa ndi malo owoneka bwino. Mapuwa adachita chidwi kwambiri ku Moscow. Monga mphotho, ana adalembedwa ngati anthu wamba mgulu la alonda. Kwa nthawi imeneyo, zinali zolimbikitsa - ndi olemekezeka okha omwe adalembedwera olondera. Kwa Derzhavin, komabe, zidakhala zovuta - olondera ayenera kukhala olemera, ndipo ma Derzhavins (panthawiyo banja linali litasiyidwa opanda bambo) anali ndi mavuto akulu ndi ndalama.
4. Preobrazhensky Regiment, momwe Derzhavin adatumikira, adachita nawo chiwembu cha Peter III pampando wachifumu. Ngakhale kuti regiment idamukomera mtima Catherine atalowa pampando wachifumu, Derzhavin adalandira udindo wa ofisalayo patatha zaka 10 akugwira ntchito. Inali nthawi yayitali kwambiri kwa munthu wa m'banja lachifumu.
5. Zimadziwika kuti Gavriil Romanovich adayamba kuyesa kwake ndakatulo chaka cha 1770 chisanafike, koma palibe chomwe adalemba chomwe chidapulumuka. Derzhavin adawotcha chifuwa chake chamatabwa kuti adutse mwachangu ku St. Petersburg.
6. Derzhavin adasewera makhadi kwambiri ali mwana ndipo, malinga ndi ena am'nthawi yake, osati moona mtima nthawi zonse. Komabe, kupitilira pa kuti kusandulika sikunali khobidi kwamuyaya, mwina ndikungonena miseche.
7. Ntchito yoyamba yosindikizidwa ya GR Derzhavin idasindikizidwa mu 1773. Unali ode waukwati wa Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich, wofalitsidwa mosadziwika m'makope 50.
8. Ode "Felitsa", yomwe idabweretsa mbiri yoyamba ya Derzhavin, idafalikira kudzera pa Samizdat panthawiyo. Wolemba ndakatuloyu adapatsa mnzake zolemba kuti awerenge, momwe pafupifupi onse olemekezeka kwambiri mu Ufumu wa Russia adatsutsidwa mchilankhulo cha Aesopiya. Mnzakeyo adapereka ulemu wake kwa mnzakeyo komanso kwa usiku umodzi wokha ... Patangotha masiku ochepa zolembedwazo zidafunidwa kale kuti ziwerengedwe ndi Grigory Potemkin. Mwamwayi, anthu onse olemekezeka ankanamizira kuti sakudzizindikira, ndipo Derzhavin analandira bokosi lokhala ndi golide lokongoletsedwa ndi diamondi ndi zidutswa zagolide 500 - Catherine ankakonda ode.
9. G. Derzhavin anali kazembe woyamba wa chigawo chatsopano cha Olonets. Anagulanso mipando yamaofesi ndi ndalama zake. Tsopano m'chigawo cha chigawochi kuli gawo la Leningrad ndi Karelia. Volks ya Kemskaya, yotchuka chifukwa cha kanema "Ivan Vasilyevich Amasintha Ntchito Yake," inali pano.
10. Atalamulira ku Tambov, Derzhavin adalowa pansi pa khothi la Senate. Anakwanitsa kutsutsa zonenezazi, ngakhale zinali zambiri. Koma udindo waukulu pamlanduwo unasewera ndi Grigory Potemkin. Wake Serene Highness isanachitike nkhondo yaku Russia ndi Turkey, ngakhale panali zoyipa za akuluakulu a Tambov, adalandira ndalama kuchokera ku Derzhavin kuti agule tirigu wankhondo, ndipo sanaiwale.
11. Derzhavin sanakonde kwenikweni mafumu ndi mafumu. Catherine adamuthamangitsa paudindo wa secretary wa mwano ndi kuzunza munthawi ya malipoti, Paul I adamtumizira chamanyazi poyankha zonyansa, komanso Alexander chifukwa chotumikira mwachangu kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, a Derzhavin anali amfumu ovomerezeka kwambiri ndipo sanafune kumva zamalamulo kapena kumasulidwa kwa alimi.
12. Woyang'anira ntchito yamaofesi ndi luntha kulikulu la asitikali omwe adamenyana ndi zigawenga motsogozedwa ndi Yemelyan Pugachev, Derzhavin sanapeze mbiri yabwino. Anthuwo atagonjetsedwa, ndipo kafukufukuyu atatha, adachotsedwa ntchito.
13. Monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zambiri m'moyo, Derzhavin mwiniwake adakhulupirira kuti samamukonda chifukwa chofuna choonadi, ndipo omwe anali nawo adamuwona ngati wokonda kukangana. Zowonadi, pantchito yake, kukwera mwachangu kunasinthidwa ndikulephera kwakukulu.
14. Emperor Paul I mu umodzi mwamasabata a Novembala 1800 adasankha Derzhavin ku malo asanu nthawi imodzi. Pankhaniyi, Gabriel Romanovich sanafunikire kuchita zachiwerewere kapena kusyasyalika - adathandizidwa ndi mbiri ya munthu wanzeru komanso wowona mtima.
Pafupifupi ntchito zonse za Derzhavin ndizolemba ndipo zidalembedwa poyembekezera kapena kutengera zochitika zandale kapena zantchito. Wolemba ndakatulo sanabise izi, ndipo ngakhale ndemanga yapadera yokhudza ntchito yake.
16. Derzhavin anakwatiwa kawiri. Mkazi wake woyamba anali mwana wamkazi wa chipinda chachifumu chachi Portuguese, Elena. Awiriwo akhala m'banja zaka 18, pambuyo pake Elena Derzhavina adamwalira. Derzhavin, ngakhale anakwatiranso kachiwiri msanga, anakumbukira mkazi wake woyamba kufa ndi chikondi.
17. Gabriel Romanovich analibe ana, komabe, ana amasiye angapo olemekezeka adaleredwa m'banja nthawi yomweyo. Mmodzi mwa ophunzira anali woyendetsa sitima wamkulu waku Russia Mikhail Lazarev.
18. Derzhavin adalipira penshoni kwa mayi wina wachikulire yemwe nthawi zonse amabwera kudzapeza ndalama ndi galu wamng'ono. Mayi wachikulire atafunsa kuti alandire galu, senatoryo adavomera, koma adakhazikitsa lamulo - amabweretsa ndalama zapenshoni ya mayi wachikulireyo paulendo. Ndipo galu adakhazikika m'nyumba, ndipo pomwe Gabriel Romanovich anali kunyumba, adakhala pachifuwa pake.
19. Kuyambira pakulamula zolemba zake, Derzhavin adalemba molondola maudindo ake ndi maudindo ake pansi pawoyimira onse atatu, koma sanatchule kuyenerera kwake kwandakatulo.
20. Gabriel Derzhavin adamwalira ku malo ake a Zvanka m'boma la Novgorod. Wolemba ndakatuloyo anaikidwa m'manda ku Khutynsky pafupi ndi Novgorod. Mu epitaph, yomwe Derzhavin adadzipangira yekha, osati mawu onena za ndakatulo: "Apa pali Derzhavin, yemwe adathandizira chilungamo, koma, kuponderezedwa ndi bodza, adagwa, kuteteza malamulo."
