Kukhalapo kwa mpweya ndichimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri padziko lapansi, chifukwa chake moyo umakhalapo. Tanthauzo la mpweya wazinthu zamoyo ndizosiyana kwambiri. Mothandizidwa ndi mpweya, zamoyo zimayenda, kudyetsa, kusunga zakudya, ndikusinthana chidziwitso cha mawu. Ngakhale mutatulutsa mpweya m'mabulaketi, zimapezeka kuti mpweya ndiwofunikira pazamoyo zonse. Izi zidamveka kalekale, pomwe mpweya umadziwika kuti ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zinayi zazikulu.
1. Wafilosofi wakale wachi Greek Anaximenes adaganiza kuti mpweya ndiye maziko azinthu zonse zomwe zili m'chilengedwe. Zonsezi zimayamba ndi mpweya ndipo zimathera ndi mpweya. Zinthu ndi zinthu zomwe zatizungulira, malinga ndi Anaximenes, zimapangidwa mwina mpweya utakhuthala kapena mpweya utakhala wosowa.
2. Wasayansi waku Germany komanso burgomaster waku Magdeburg Otto von Guericke anali woyamba kuwonetsa kulimba kwapanikizika. Atapopa mpweya kuchokera mu mpira wopangidwa ndi ma hemispheres achitsulo, zidapezeka kuti zinali zovuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa ma hemispheres osalumikizidwa. Izi sizikanatheka ngakhale kuyesetsa kophatikizana kwa akavalo 16 ngakhale 24. Mawerengedwe amtsogolo adawonetsa kuti akavalo amatha kutulutsa mphamvu yayifupi yofunikira pakuthana ndi kuthamanga kwa mlengalenga, koma zoyeserera zawo sizogwirizana bwino. Mu 2012, magalimoto 12 ophunzitsidwa mwapadera anali okhoza kusiyanitsa ma hemispheres a Magdeburg.
3. Phokoso lililonse limafalikira kudzera mumlengalenga. Khutu limangotutumuka mlengalenga mosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana, ndipo timamva mawu, nyimbo, phokoso pamsewu kapena kulira kwa mbalame. Chotulutsacho chimangokhala chete. Malinga ndi wolemba ngwazi wina, mlengalenga, sitimva kuphulika kwa supernova, ngakhale zitachitika kumbuyo kwathu.
4. Njira zoyambirira za kuyaka ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni monga kuphatikiza kwa chinthu ndi gawo lamlengalenga (oxygen) zidafotokozedwa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18 ndi katswiri waku France Antoine Lavoisier. Oxygen imadziwika pamaso pake, aliyense amawona kuyaka ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni, koma Lavoisier yekha ndi amene amatha kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la njirayi. Pambuyo pake adawonetsa kuti mpweya wamlengalenga si chinthu chapadera, koma chisakanizo cha mpweya wosiyanasiyana. Anzathu oyamikira sanayamikire zikayenda bwino za wasayansi wamkulu (Lavoisier, makamaka, atha kuonedwa kuti ndi bambo wa chemistry wamakono) ndipo adamutumiza ku guillotine kuti atenge nawo gawo m'minda yamisonkho.
5. Mpweya wa mumlengalenga sikusakanikirana kokha kwa mpweya. Mulinso madzi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso tizilombo tambiri tambiri. Kugulitsa zitini zolembedwa kuti "City Air NN" ndichachidziwikire, ngati chinyengo, koma pakuchita mlengalenga m'malo osiyanasiyana kumasiyana kwambiri ndi kapangidwe kake.
6. Mpweya ndi wowala kwambiri - kiyubiki mita imalemera pang'ono kuposa kilogalamu. Kumbali ina, mchipinda chopanda chopimira 6 X 4 ndi 3 mita kutalika, pali pafupifupi 90 kilogalamu ya mpweya.
7. Munthu aliyense wamakono amadziwa bwino mpweya woipa. Koma mpweya, womwe uli ndi tinthu tambiri tolimba, ndiwowopsa osati kokha panjira yopumira komanso thanzi la munthu. Mu 1815, kunaphulika phiri la Tambora, lomwe lili pachilumba china ku Indonesia. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe tidaponya tambiri (pafupifupi makilomita 150 kiyubiki) m'malo okwera kwambiri amlengalenga. Phulusa linakutidwa ndi dziko lonse lapansi, kutseka kuwala kwa dzuwa. M'chilimwe cha 1816, kudazizira modabwitsa konse padziko lapansi. Kunali kugwa chipale chofewa ku USA ndi Canada. Ku Switzerland, kugwa kwa matalala kunkapitilira nthawi yonse yotentha. Ku Germany, mvula yamphamvu idapangitsa mitsinje kusefukira m'mbali mwake. Sipakanakhala funso la zinthu zilizonse zaulimi, ndipo mbewu zomwe zidagulitsidwa kunja zidakwera mtengo kakhumi. 1816 amatchedwa "Chaka chopanda Chilimwe". Panali tinthu tambiri tolimba mlengalenga.
8. Mpweya ndi "woledzeretsa" ponse pa kuya komanso pamalo okwera. Zifukwa za izi ndizosiyana. Pakuya, nayitrogeni wambiri amayamba kulowa m'magazi, ndipo pamtunda, mpweya wocheperako umachepa.
9. Mpweya womwe ulipo mlengalenga ndi wabwino kwambiri kwa anthu. Ngakhale kuchepa pang'ono kwa gawo la mpweya kumakhudzanso momwe munthu amagwirira ntchito. Koma kuchuluka kwa oxygen sikubweretsa chilichonse chabwino. Poyamba, akatswiri aku America amapumira mpweya wabwino mu zombo, koma motsika kwambiri (pafupifupi katatu kuposa kubwinobwino). Koma kukhala mumkhalidwe wotere kumafunikira kukonzekera kwambiri, ndipo, monga tsogolo la Apollo 1 ndi gulu lake lawonetsera, mpweya wabwino si bizinesi yotetezeka.
10. Poneneratu za nyengo, polankhula za chinyezi chamlengalenga, tanthauzo la "wachibale" nthawi zambiri limanyalanyazidwa. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina amafunsidwa ngati: "Ngati chinyezi cha mpweya ndi 95%, ndiye kuti timapuma madzi omwewo?" M'malo mwake, magawo awa amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa nthunzi yamadzi mumlengalenga munthawi yopitilira muyeso wokwanira. Ndiye kuti, ngati tikukamba za 80% ya chinyezi pakatentha +20, ndiye kuti mita ya kiyubiki yamlengalenga ili ndi 80% ya nthunzi kuchokera pazitali magalamu 17.3 - magalamu 13.84.
11. Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa mayendedwe amlengalenga - 408 km / h - adalembedwa pachilumba cha Barrow ku Australia ku 1996. Pa nthawiyo chimphepo chachikulu chinali kudutsa pamenepo. Ndipo pamwamba pa Nyanja ya Commonwealth yoyandikana ndi Antarctica, kuthamanga kwa mphepo nthawi zonse ndi 320 km / h. Nthawi yomweyo, modekha, mamolekyulu amlengalenga amayenda liwiro la pafupifupi 1.5 km / h.
12. "Ndalama zotsalira" sizitanthauza kuponyera ngongole mozungulira. Malinga ndi chimodzi mwazongoganiza, mawuwa adachokera pachiwembu "mphepo", mothandizidwa ndi kuwonongeka komwe kudagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndiye kuti, pankhaniyi adalipira chifukwa chokhazikitsa chiwembu. Komanso mawuwa amatha kubwera kuchokera kumisonkho yamphepo. Amfumu okondwereranso omwe amawagulitsa anali kwa eni amphero amphepo. Mpweya ukuyenda pamwamba pa malo a mwininyumba!
13. Kwa kupuma 22,000 patsiku, timadya pafupifupi kilogalamu 20 za mpweya, zambiri zomwe timatulutsa mpweya, ndikumakhala pafupifupi mpweya wokha. Nyama zambiri zimachitanso chimodzimodzi. Koma zomera zimaphatikizana ndi carbon dioxide, ndikupereka mpweya wabwino. Gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a mpweya wabwino padziko lonse lapansi limapangidwa ndi nkhalango ku Amazon Basin.
14. M'mayiko otukuka, gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi amagetsi amapangidwa ndikupanga mpweya wothinikizika. Kusunga mphamvu munjira imeneyi ndikokwera mtengo kuposa kutenga kuchokera ku utsi wachikhalidwe kapena madzi, koma nthawi zina mphamvu yamagetsi yothinikizika ndiyofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, mukamagwiritsa ntchito jackhammer mgodi.
15. Ngati mpweya wonse wapadziko lapansi usonkhanitsidwa mu mpira mopanikizika, kukula kwake kwa mpira kumakhala makilomita pafupifupi 2,000.
