M'mbiri ya anthu, palibe anthu ambiri omwe tinganene za iwo kuti: "Adasintha dziko". Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin (1934 - 1968) sanali wolamulira mu ufumu, mtsogoleri wankhondo kapena wolemekezeka kutchalitchi ("Chonde, usauze aliyense kuti sunamuwone Mulungu mlengalenga" - Papa John XXIII pamsonkhano ndi Gagarin). Koma kuthawira kwa mnyamata wachichepere waku Soviet mumlengalenga kunadzetsa madzi kwa anthu. Kenako zinawoneka kuti nyengo yatsopano idayamba m'mbiri ya anthu. Kulankhulana ndi Gagarin kunkawerengedwa ulemu osati ndi mamiliyoni a anthu wamba, komanso ndi amphamvu adziko lino: mafumu ndi apurezidenti, mabilionea ndi akazembe.
Tsoka ilo, zaka 40 - 50 zokha kutha kwa cosmonaut No. 1, kulakalaka anthu mlengalenga kwatsala pang'ono kutha. Ma Satellites ayambitsidwa, maulendo opangidwa ndi anthu amachitika, koma mitima ya mamiliyoni sakhudzidwa ndi ndege zatsopano zopita mlengalenga, koma ndi mitundu yatsopano ya iPhones. Komabe, ntchito ya Yuri Gagarin, moyo wake ndi mawonekedwe ake amalembedwa kwamuyaya.
1. Banja la Gagarin linali ndi ana anayi. Yura anali wachitatu mu ukalamba. Akulu awiri - Valentina ndi Zoya - adatengedwa kupita ku Germany ndi Ajeremani. Onsewa anali ndi mwayi wobwerera kwawo osavulala, koma palibe a Gagarin omwe ankakonda kukumbukira zaka za nkhondo.
2. Yura anamaliza sukulu ya zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri ku Moscow, kenako anamaliza maphunziro aukadaulo ku Saratov. Ndipo akadakhala woyambitsa metallurgist, ngati si gulu louluka. Gagarin anadwala ndi thambo. Anamaliza maphunziro ake ndi mphambu zabwino kwambiri ndipo adatha kuwuluka maola 40. Sports munthu ndi luso amenewa anali ndi msewu mwachindunji ndege.
3. Ku sukulu yophunzitsa ndege ya Gagarin, ngakhale adachita bwino kwambiri m'maphunziro onse, Yuri anali pafupi kuthamangitsidwa - samatha kuphunzira momwe angakhalire ndege moyenera. Zinafika kwa wamkulu pasukulupo, Major General Vasily Makarov, ndipo ndi iye yekha amene anazindikira kuti kakhalidwe kakang'ono ka Gagarin (165 cm) kamamulepheretsa "kumva" nthaka. Chilichonse chinakonzedwa ndi padding yoyikidwa pampando.
4. Gagarin anali woyamba, koma osati cosmonaut womaliza kuphunzira ku Chkalovsk Aviation School. Pambuyo pake, omaliza maphunziro ena atatu a bungweli adakwera mlengalenga: Valentin Lebedev, Alexander Viktorenko ndi Yuri Lonchakov.
5. Ku Orenburg, Yuri adapeza mnzake. Woyendetsa ndege wazaka 23 komanso Valentina Goryacheva wazaka 22 adakwatirana pa Okutobala 27, 1957. Mu 1959, mwana wawo wamkazi Lena adabadwa. Ndipo patatsala mwezi umodzi kuthawira mlengalenga, banja litakhala kale m'chigawo cha Moscow, Yuri adakhala bambo kachiwiri - pa Marichi 7, 1961, Galina Gagarina adabadwa.
6. Nthawi zonse, Gagarin amatengera ana ake akazi achikulire panja kuti akachite masewera olimbitsa thupi m'mawa. Nthawi yomweyo, adayitananso zitseko za oyandikana nawo, kuwalimbikitsa kuti alowe nawo. Komabe, a Gagarin ankakhala munyumba yanthambi, ndipo sizinali zofunikira kwenikweni kuyendetsa olipitsa ake kuti azilipiritsa.
7. Valentina Gagarina tsopano wapuma pantchito. Elena ndiye mtsogoleri wa Moscow Kremlin Museum-Reserve, a Galina ndi pulofesa, wamkulu wa dipatimenti ku umodzi wamayunivesite aku Moscow.
8. Gagarin adalembetsa nawo gulu la cosmonaut pa Marichi 3, ndipo adayamba maphunziro awo pa Marichi 30, 1961 - pafupifupi chaka chimodzi ndege isadalowe mlengalenga.
9. Mwa asanu ndi mmodzi omwe adapempha kuti akhale ndi cosmonaut No. 1, asanu adawulukira mlengalenga posachedwa. Grigory Nelyubin, yemwe analandira satifiketi ya chombo cha nambala 3, adathamangitsidwa pagululo chifukwa chomwa mowa mwauchidakwa komanso kukangana ndi olondera. Mu 1966, adadzipha podziponya pansi pa sitima.
10. Njira yayikulu yosankhira inali kukula kwakuthupi. Astronaut amayenera kukhala wolimba, koma wocheperako - izi zimafunikira kukula kwa ndegeyo. Chotsatira chidabwera kukhazikika kwamaganizidwe. Kukongola, magawano, ndi zina zotero zinali zofunikira zina.
11. Yuri Gagarin ngakhale ndegeyo isanachitike adalembedwa mwalamulo ngati wamkulu wa cosmonaut Corps.
12. Kusankhidwa kwa cosmonaut woyamba kudasankhidwa ndikuvomerezedwa ndi komiti yapadera ya boma. Koma kuvota mkati mwa cosmonaut kunawonetsa kuti Gagarin anali woyenera kwambiri.
13. Zovuta pakukhazikitsa pulogalamu yamlengalenga zaphunzitsa akatswiri kukonzekera ndege kuti akonzekere zochitika zowopsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, a TASS adakonza zolemba za mauthenga atatu osiyanasiyana okhudza kuthawa kwa Gagarin, ndipo cosmonaut yemwe adalemba yekha kalata yotsanzikana ndi mkazi wake.
14. Paulendo, womwe udatenga ola limodzi ndi theka, Gagarin adayenera kuda nkhawa katatu, ndikumapeto komaliza. Poyamba, mabrake sanachepetse liwiro pamtengo wokwanira, ndipo sitimayo idayamba kuzungulira msanga isanalowe mumlengalenga. Kenako Gagarin sanasangalale kuwona chipolopolo chakunja cha sitimayo chikuyaka m'mlengalenga - chitsulo chimadutsadi m'mawindo, ndipo galimoto yotsikayo idachita phokoso lalikulu. Pomaliza, kutulutsidwako, valavu yolowera mpweya ya sutiyi sinatsegulidwe - zingakhale zamanyazi, kuyenda mlengalenga, kuti tibanika pafupi ndi Earth yomwe. Koma zonse zidatheka - pafupi ndi Dziko Lapansi, kuthamanga kwamlengalenga kudakulirakulira, ndipo valavu idagwira.
15. Gagarin iyemwini adafotokozera pafoni zakufika kwake bwino - omenyera ndege omenyera ndege, omwe adazindikira za kutsika, sanadziwe za ndegeyo, ndipo adaganiza zoyamba kudziwa zomwe zagwa, ndikubweza malipoti. Atapeza galimoto yotsikira (cosmonaut ndi kapisozi zinafika padera), posakhalitsa adapeza Gagarin. Anthu amderali anali oyamba kupeza cosmonaut # 1.
16. Dera lomwe cosmonaut woyamba adafikapo linali la anthu osagonana ndi amasiye, chifukwa chake mphotho yoyamba ya Gagarin inali mendulo pakukula kwawo. Chikhalidwe chinapangidwa molingana ndi omwe akatswiri azodzikongoletsera ambiri adayamba kupatsidwa mendulo "Yotukuka maiko a namwali ndi agwere"
17. Yuri Levitan, yemwe adawerenga uthenga wonena za kuthawa kwa Gagarin pawailesi, adalemba m'mabuku ake kuti momwe amamvera zimafanana ndi zomwe adakumana nazo pa Meyi 9, 1945 - wolengeza waluso sangaletse misozi. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nkhondoyi inatha zaka 16 Gagarin asananyamuke. Anthu ambiri amakumbukira kuti atamva mawu a Mlevi kunja kwa nthawi yakusukulu, amangoganiza: "Nkhondo!"
18. Asananyamuke ndege, oyang'anira sanaganizirepo zaphwando - panali, monga akunenera, palibe nthawi yamafuta, ngati uthenga wa TASS wakulira unali utakonzedwa kale. Koma pa Epulo 12, kulengezedwa kwa ndege yoyamba yapamtunda kunapangitsa chidwi chachikulu mdziko lonselo kotero kuti kunali koyenera kukonzekera mwachangu msonkhano wa Gagarin ku Vnukovo ndi msonkhano ku Red Square. Mwamwayi, njirayi idakwaniritsidwa pamisonkhano ya nthumwi zakunja.
19. Atathawa, cosmonaut woyamba amayenda kuzungulira mayiko pafupifupi khumi ndi atatu. Kulikonse komwe amalandilidwa mokondwera komanso mvula ya mphotho ndi zokumbutsa. Paulendo uwu, Gagarin adatsimikiziranso kulondola kwa chisankho chake. Kulikonse komwe adachita moyenera komanso mwaulemu, osangalatsa kwambiri anthu omwe adamuwona.
20. Kuphatikiza pa mutu wa Hero of the Soviet Union, Gagarin adalandira mutu wa Hero of Labor ku Czechoslovakia, Vietnam ndi Bulgaria. Cosmonaut adakhalanso nzika yolemekezeka yamayiko asanu.
21. Paulendo wa Gagarin wopita ku India, wapaulendo wake amayenera kuyimilira kwa ola limodzi panjira chifukwa cha ng'ombe yopatulika yomwe ili panjira pomwepo. Mazana a anthu anali atayimirira m'mbali mwa msewu, ndipo panalibe njira yoti azungulira nyama. Atayang'ananso pa wotchi yake, Gagarin adatinso mwachisoni kuti adazungulira Dziko lapansi mwachangu.
22. Atataya mawonekedwe pang'ono pamaulendo akunja, Gagarin adabwezeretsa mwachangu chiyembekezo chakuwuluka kwakanthawi. Mu 1967, adanyamuka payekha mu MiG-17, kenako adaganiza zobwezeretsa ziyeneretso za wankhondo.
23. Yuri Gagarin adakwera ndege yomaliza pa Marichi 27, 1968. Iye ndi mphunzitsi wake, Colonel Vladimir Seryogin, ankachita maphunziro okwerera ndege nthawi zonse. Maphunziro awo a MiG adawonongeka mdera la Vladimir. Malinga ndi zomwe boma limanena, oyendetsa ndegewo adazindikira molakwika kutalika kwa mitambo ndikutuluka pafupi kwambiri ndi nthaka, osakhala ndi nthawi yochotsa. Gagarin ndi Sergeev anali athanzi komanso oledzera.
24. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Yuri Gagarin, maliro adziko lonse adalengezedwa ku Soviet Union. Panthawiyo, kunali kulira koyamba m'dziko lonse la USSR, komwe sikunafotokozedwe za imfa ya mutu wa dziko.
25. Mu 2011, pokumbukira zaka 50 za kuthawa kwa Yuri Gagarin, chombo chija chinayamba kupatsidwa dzina loyenera - "Soyuz TMA-21" amatchedwa "Gagarin".
