N'zosadabwitsa kuti zilumba za Galapagos ndizosangalatsa kuzifufuza, chifukwa zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yazomera ndi zinyama, zina zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. Zilumbazi ndi za ku Ecuador ndipo ndi chigawo chake chosiyana. Lero, zilumba zonse ndi miyala yozungulira yasandulika malo osungirako zachilengedwe, komwe unyinji wa alendo amabwera chaka chilichonse.
Kodi dzina la Zilumba za Galapagos limachokera kuti?
Galapagos ndi mtundu wa akamba omwe amakhala pazilumbazi, ndichifukwa chake zilumbazi zidatchulidwa pambuyo pawo. Misonkhano yayikuluyi imatchulidwanso kuti Galapagos, Turtle Islands kapena Colon Archipelago. Komanso, gawo ili kale linkatchedwa Enchanted Islands, chifukwa kunali kovuta kutera pamtunda. Mafunde ambiri adapangitsa kuti kuyenda movutikira, kotero sikuti aliyense adatha kufika pagombe.
Mapu oyambirira amalo awa adapangidwa ndi achifwamba, ndichifukwa chake mayina azilumba zonse adaperekedwa polemekeza achifwamba kapena anthu omwe adawathandiza. Pambuyo pake adasinthidwa mayina, koma okhalamo ena akupitilizabe kugwiritsa ntchito matembenuzidwe akale. Ngakhale mapuwa ali ndi mayina ochokera nthawi zosiyanasiyana.
Mawonekedwe a Geographic
Zilumbazi zili ndi zilumba 19, 13 mwa izo ndi zophulika. Mulinso miyala 107 komanso malo osambanso omwe amapezeka pamwamba pamadzi. Mukayang'ana pa mapu, mutha kumvetsetsa komwe zilumbazi zili. Wamkulu kwambiri mwa iwo, Isabela, ndiwonso womaliza. Pali mapiri ophulika pano, chifukwa chake chilumbachi chimasinthabe chifukwa cha mpweya ndi kuphulika, komaliza kudachitika mu 2005.
Ngakhale kuti Galapagos ndi malo azilumba za equator, nyengo pano siyabwino kwenikweni. Chifukwa chake chimakhala pakazizira kotsuka m'mbali mwa nyanja. Kuchokera apa, kutentha kwamadzi kumatsika pansi pamadigiri 20. Chiwerengero chapakati pachaka chimagwera madigiri 23-24. Ndikoyenera kutchula kuti pali vuto lalikulu ndi madzi kuzilumba za Galapagos, popeza kulibe magwero amadzi abwino pano.
Kufufuza zilumba ndi nzika zake
Chiyambireni kupezeka kwa zilumbazi mu Marichi 1535, palibe amene anali ndi chidwi ndi nyama zamtchire m'derali mpaka Charles Darwin ndi gulu lake atayamba kuyang'ana Colon Archipelago. Izi zisanachitike, zilumbazi zinali malo opha achifwamba, ngakhale amadziwika kuti ndi dziko la Spain. Pambuyo pake, kudabuka funso loti ndani ali ndi zilumba zotentha, ndipo mu 1832 Galapagos idakhala gawo la Ecuador, ndipo Puerto Baquerizo Moreno adasankhidwa kukhala likulu la chigawochi.
Darwin adakhala zaka zambiri kuzilumbazi akuphunzira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalamezi. Apa ndipomwe adakhazikitsa maziko azikhulupiriro zamtsogolo zosinthika. Zinyama ku Turtle Islands ndizolemera kwambiri ndipo mosiyana ndi nyama zakumayiko ena zomwe zimatha kuphunziridwa kwazaka zambiri, koma pambuyo pa Darwin palibe amene adachitapo kanthu, ngakhale kuti a Galapagos amadziwika kuti ndi malo apadera.
Munthawi ya WWII, United States idakhazikitsa malo ankhondo pano, nkhondoyi itatha, zilumbazi zidasandulika malo okhalamo omangidwa. Mu 1936 kokha, zilumbazi zidapatsidwa udindo wa National Park, pambuyo pake adayamba kuyang'anira kwambiri chitetezo cha zachilengedwe. Zoona, mitundu ina panthawiyo inali itatsala pang'ono kutha, yomwe ikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane muzolemba zazilumba.
Chifukwa cha nyengo yeniyeni komanso mawonekedwe apadera a zilumbazi, pali mbalame, nyama, nsomba, komanso zomera zomwe sizipezeka kwina kulikonse. Nyama yayikulu kwambiri m'derali ndi mkango wanyanja wa Galapagos, koma chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi akamba akulu, ma boobies, abuluzi am'nyanja, ma flamingo, ndi ma penguin.
Malo oyendera alendo
Pokonzekera ulendo, alendo amafuna kudziwa momwe angafike kumalo odabwitsa. Pali njira ziwiri zomwe mungasankhe: paulendo wapamtunda kapena pandege. Pali ma eyapoti awiri kuzilumba za Colon, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ku Baltra. Ndi chilumba chaching'ono kumpoto kwa Santa Cruz komwe kuli magulu ankhondo aku Ecuador. Ndikosavuta kufikira kuzilumba zambiri zotchuka ndi alendo ochokera kuno.
Zithunzi zochokera kuzilumba za Galapagos ndizabwino, chifukwa pali magombe okongola kwambiri. Mutha kukhala tsiku lonse m'nyanja yamtambo ndikusangalala ndi dzuwa lotentha popanda kutentha kotentha. Anthu ambiri amakonda kupita kukadumphira m'madzi, chifukwa pansi pake pamadzaza mitundu chifukwa cha chiphalaphala chaphalaphala chomwe chili m'mbali mwa nyanja.
Timalimbikitsa kuwerenga za Saona Island.
Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ina ya nyama imayenda mosangalala mukamayenda ndi ena osambira, popeza pano azolowera anthu. Koma zilumba zimakhala ndi nsombazi, chifukwa chake muyenera kufunsa pasadakhale ngati kulowa m'malo osankhidwa ndikololedwa.
Ndi dziko liti lomwe silingakhale lonyadira malo odabwitsa ngati a Galapagos, poganizira kuti ali m'gulu la World Heritage List. Mawonekedwe a malo amakhala ngati zithunzi, chifukwa mbali iliyonse amadabwa ndi mitundu yambiri. Zowona, kuti musunge kukongola kwachilengedwe ndi okhalamo, muyenera kuyesetsa kwambiri, zomwe ndizomwe ochita kafukufukuyu akuchita.
