Stonehenge

Poyang'ana kumalire omveka bwino, komwe kukwera kwamuyaya komanso kukhathamira kwa Salisbury Plain kukumana, Stonehenge, wokutidwa ndi zinsinsi. Zimphona izi, zowala bwino, zinali timbewu tating'onoting'ono pamasewera a ana a wamatsenga wamkulu Merlin kapena kapangidwe kokhazikitsidwa ndi alendo omwe adafika pa Dziko Lapansi kudzapulumutsa dziko lapansi kuimfa yoopsa. Kapena mwina megalith idamangidwa ndi Merlin yemweyo polemekeza mfumu yomwe idagonjetsa ma Saxon?

Osati kokha kuchuluka kodabwitsa kwazinsinsi zosasinthidwa, komanso kukongola kwa kapangidwe kamiyala lero kumakopa asayansi akulu komanso apaulendo wamba.

Zambiri za Stonehenge

Nyumba zovuta zamiyala zidamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 2000 BC. e. kum'mwera kwa Great Britain. Pafupi ndi pomwepo pali dera lodabwitsa la Devonshire, maora awiri okha kuchokera ku mzinda waku England wa London. Popeza mwamvetsetsa komwe nyumbayi ili, sizovuta kuzizindikira, chifukwa chipilala chachikhalidwe cha Bronze Age ndi Neolithic chili ndi mawonekedwe ake:

• Megaliths 82 omwe amapangidwa ndi crystallization ya magma. Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa wa akatswiri ochokera ku National Museum of Wales, gawo lawo lidadziwika. Oposa theka la "miyala yabuluu" idakumbidwa makilomita 240 kuchokera pamakonzedwe akale, pa phiri la Karn Menin. Tsoka ilo, sizikudziwikabe kuti zinthuzo adazichotsa ndendende komanso kuti zidatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti zifike kumapeto;
• 30 midadada, anapereka mu mawonekedwe a miyala, masekeli matani 25. Opanga osadziwika adamanga miyala yamitala inayi awiriawiri mosanjikiza mosakanikirana. Osati mawonekedwe azithunzi onse apulumuka mpaka nthawi yathu ino, koma kokha arc 13 yolumikizidwa yolumikizidwa ndi mabuloko oyenda kuchokera pamwamba;
• Zinthu 5 zomangamanga, zosonyeza china chake chokhala ngati nsapato za akavalo, chimakhala ndi miyala ikuluikulu itatu yokwanira matani 50. Ma triliths adayikidwiratu mwamphamvu ndikuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku 6 mita mpaka 7.3 m kulowera kumtundu waukulu wamiyala. Nthawi ndi yopanda chifundo kwa nyumba zamtunduwu, kotero akatswiri amayenera kubwezeretsa trilith, yomwe ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Stonehenge, ndikuwongolera chithandizo, ndikubwezeretsanso mawonekedwe apachiyambi.

Kuti mumve zambiri za chipilalachi, muyenera kuyang'ana pa chithunzi chosonyeza chithunzi cha Stonehenge chofotokozera zinthu zofunika.

Chifukwa Chomwe Round Dance ya Giants idamangidwa

Nzika zakomweko, ndikungodutsa, nthawi zambiri zimachimwa ndikuwononga, kudula kachidutswa kakang'ono kanyumba yakale kuti akagwiritse ntchito ngati chithumwa choteteza ku mdima. Wolemba mbiri komanso wolemba Chingerezi Tom Brooks amakhulupirira kuti megalith inali njira yoyendera zakale.

Ndipo okonda zinsinsi zachilengedwe amatcha chipilalachi ndi manda akulu. Ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa maliro ambiri apezeka mdera la zovuta, ndipo zoyambirira zimagwirizana ndi nthawi yomanga gawo loyamba la megalith.

Komabe, mitundu yayikulu yakumanga kwa Stonehenge ndiosavuta kuposa malingaliro. Amakhulupirira kuti Round Dance of the Giants inali mtundu wa kalendala yodziwitsa masiku enieni a kadamsana, kadamsana ndi equinox. Ndipo asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mothandizidwa ndi kapangidwe kake kunali kotheka kuwerengera nthawi yeniyeni yozungulira mwezi. Mwachidule, Stonehenge ndi malo owonera miyala akale.

Momwe Stonehenge Anamangidwira

Anthu ambiri amitundu yonse omwe amakhala mdera lino adagwira ntchito yomanga nyumba zazikulu chotere kwa zaka mazana amenewo. Ndipo zida zitatengedwa:

• chiphalaphala chamoto;
• kuphulika kwaphalaphala;
• mwala wamchenga;
• miyala yamwala;
• dolerite.

Chosangalatsa: kutsimikizira momwe miyala idamangidwira komanso momwe miyalayo idaperekedwera kuchokera kutali, asayansi adachita zoyeserera. Tsiku limodzi, gulu la anthu 24 lidatha kuthana ndi mtunda wa 1 km, ndikusunthira nawo gawo limodzi. Izi zidawonetsa kuti zomangamanga zidatenga nthawi yayitali.

Kuti tipeze mtundu wa megalith wofunikirayo, miyalayo idakonzedwa magawo angapo:

1. Ma block a matani angapo anali ndi zovuta, moto ndi madzi.
2. Pamalo pomwe Stonehenge adayikidwapo, miyala yayikulu idapukutidwa.

Kwa zaka zambiri, asayansi ayesa kudziwa kuti Stonehenge adamangidwa m'zaka ziti, ndani adamanga ndi chifukwa chiyani. Chifukwa cha njira zamakono zapa radioisotope zodziwitsa zaka zoyeserera zomwe zimaphunziridwa, kaboni imamasulidwa ndikuwotcha chidutswacho. Pambuyo pake, mulingo wama radioactivity amafanizidwa poyerekeza ndi ma isotopu, omwe akuwonetsa zofunikira. Mwanjira iyi, kumapeto kwa zaka za 20th, magawo osakhalitsa omanga "miyala yovina" adakhazikitsidwa.

• Gawo loyamba... Woyamba pomanga megalith, yomwe idakhazikitsa maziko a Stonehenge yonse, inali moat, momwe, pofukula, zidutswa za agwape okhala ndi zizindikilo za kuvala zidapezeka, chifukwa chake akuti kupangidwa kwa ngalandeyi kudachitika atamwalira nyama za artiodactyl. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yogawanika kaboni, nthawi yofananira idadziwika - 3020-2910. BC e.
• Gawo lachiwiri... Munthawi yachiwiri yomanga, dzenje lina ndi mabowo 56 odzazidwa ndi choko wosweka adakumbidwa. Lero mabowo awa amatchedwa "mabowo a Aubrey" polemekeza wofufuza waku Britain wazakale John Aubrey. Mu 2008, panthawi yomwe ofukula mabwinja amafukula bowo lachisanu ndi chiwiri, zotsalira za anthu 200 zidapezeka. Pambuyo pakuwunika ma radiocarbon, tidazindikira nthawi ya moyo wa omwe adayikidwa m'manda - 3100-2140. e.
• Gawo lachitatu... Mchigawo chino, kuyambira 2440 mpaka 2100 AD, mphete zamiyala zidamangidwa kuchokera ku miyala ya miyala yamchenga 30 yabuluu.

Kufunsa momwe anthu a nthawi imeneyo adakwanitsira kusonkhanitsa miyala yayikulu, ingoyang'anani pazithunzizo, ndikukayika za kuthekera kwawo kumatha nthawi yomweyo. Ma roller angapo, ma levers ndi ma raft adagwiritsidwa ntchito, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe zomangamanga sizikuwoneka ngati zosatheka.

Stonehenge wamakono

Ngati mungadziwane bwino ndi mapangidwe a John Constable, ndiye kuti pakati pazithunzi zake mungapeze chithunzi chojambulidwa mu 1835 kuchokera pamiyala yovuta kwambiri. Malo akale achikhalidwe amawonetsedwa ngati mulu wa miyala, ndipo ndi momwe zimawonekera mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20. Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti megalith yakhala ikubwezeretsanso kwanthawi yayitali komanso kopindulitsa. Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa kutulutsa kwa ojambula achikondi achingerezi.

Gawo loyamba lakumangidwanso kwa chozizwitsa choyambacho lidachitika mu 1901, ndipo lidatha kumapeto kwa 1964. Ndizosangalatsa kuti ntchito yomangayo idabisika mwachinsinsi kwa anthu, zomwe mtsogolomo zidabweretsa malingaliro ndi malingaliro ambiri otsutsana.

Zosangalatsa za Stonehenge

Monga nyumba iliyonse yakale yokhala ndi mbiri yapadera, miyala yodabwitsa idadzaza ndi zozizwitsa, kuwonjezera pa zomwe tafotokozazi.

1. Kwa kanthawi, Stonehenge anali ndi cholinga china - nyumba yoyamba kuwotcherako anthu ku Europe.
2. Darwin wodziwika bwino adaphunzira nyongolotsi kwa theka lachiwiri la moyo wake, ndipo adasankha nyama zopanda mafupa kuchokera kudera lino ngati chowonera. Chifukwa cha chidwi chake, adakwanitsa kupanga zokumbidwa pansi zingapo m'dera lamiyala.
3. Kwa zaka zitatu, Stonehenge anali chuma cha Cecil Chubb, yemwe mu 1915 adapereka megalith ngati mphatso kwa mkazi wake, pambuyo pake Chubb adapereka chikumbutso kuboma.

Zambiri kwa alendo

Kuti mudziwe chizindikiro chodziwika bwino, muyenera kuyamba ulendo wanu kuchokera ku likulu la England, mutayang'ana Big Ben kale. Mutha kukaona chipilala chachikulu ngati gawo limodzi laulendo wanu, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuti muziyenda mozungulira gawo lonselo ndikuphunzira bwino ngodya iliyonse ya megalith. Mtunda wopita kumalo owonetsera zakale ndi waufupi, makilomita 130 okha. Momwe mungachokere ku London, apaulendo aliyense amasankha pawokha:

• kuyitanitsa taxi;
• kubwereka galimoto;
• gwiritsani basi wamba ndikusintha m'mudzi wa Salisbury;
• zoyendetsa njanji zomwe zimanyamuka ku Waterloo Station ndikuyima ku Salisbury. Mtengo wa tikiti ndi $ 33. Sitimayo imanyamuka ola lililonse.

Posankha zoyendera pagulu, muyenera kukhala tcheru kuti pamapeto omaliza mutha kusintha basi yomwe ingakufikitseni kuchikumbutso chachilengedwe mumphindi 30 zokha.

Stonehenge wamkulu amakopa ndikukopa ngati maginito ndi kukongola kwake komanso mbiriyakale. Nthawi yabwino yochezera ndi nyengo yachilimwe, pomwe chikondwerero chachikunja chimakondwereredwa ndi anthu masauzande ambiri omwe amathamangira ku megalith kukakhudza chizindikiro cha mphamvu zakale.

Onerani kanemayo: Ylvis - Stonehenge Official music video HD Explicit lyrics (June 2025).