Ndemanga za Janusz Korczak - iyi ndi nkhokwe yowonera modabwitsa mphunzitsi wamkulu wa ana ndi miyoyo yawo. Ayenera kuwerengedwa kwa makolo azaka zonse.
Janusz Korczak ndi mphunzitsi wabwino kwambiri ku Poland, wolemba, dokotala komanso wodziwika pagulu. Iye anapita mu mbiriyakale osati monga mphunzitsi wamkulu, komanso monga munthu yemwe mwachizolowezi adawonetsa chikondi chake chopanda malire kwa ana. Izi zidachitika pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, pomwe adapita mwakufuna kwawo kundende yozunzirako anthu, komwe akaidi a "Orphanage" ake adatumizidwa kukawonongedwa.
Izi zikuwoneka ngati zosadabwitsa chifukwa Korczak adapatsidwa ufulu kangapo, koma adakana mwamphamvu kusiya anawo.
Mu positi iyi, tasonkhanitsa mawu osankhidwa kuchokera kwa mphunzitsi wamkulu, omwe angakuthandizeni kuganiziranso momwe mumaonera ana.
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Chimodzi mwazolakwitsa zazikulu ndikuganiza kuti kuphunzitsa ndi sayansi yokhudza mwana osati za munthu. Mwana waukali, osadzikumbukira yekha, anagunda; munthu wamkulu, osadzikumbukira yekha, anaphedwa. Choseweretsa chinakokedwa kutali ndi mwana wosalakwa; wamkulu amakhala ndi siginecha pamalamulo. Mwana wopusa wa khumi, yemwe adampatsa kope, adagula maswiti; wamkulu adataya chuma chake chonse pamakadi. Palibe ana - pali anthu, koma ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana, sitolo ina yazidziwitso, ma drive osiyanasiyana, masewera osiyanasiyana amalingaliro.
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Chifukwa choopa kuti imfa ikhoza kutichotsa mwanayo kwa ife, timamuchotsa mwanayo kumoyo; posafuna kuti afe, sitimamulola kuti akhale ndi moyo.
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Ayenera kukhala ndani? Wankhondo kapena wolimbikira, mtsogoleri kapena wachinsinsi? Kapena mwina mungakhale osangalala?
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Mu chiphunzitso cha kulera, nthawi zambiri timaiwala kuti tiyenera kuphunzitsa mwana osati kungokonda chowonadi, komanso kuzindikira mabodza, osati kukonda kokha, komanso kudana, osati kungolemekeza kokha, komanso kunyoza, osati kuvomereza kokha, komanso kutsutsa, osati kungomvera kokha. komanso kupanduka.
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Sitikupatsani Mulungu, chifukwa aliyense wa inu muyenera kumupeza mu moyo wanu, sitikupatsani Motherland, chifukwa muyenera kuyipeza ndi ntchito ya mtima ndi malingaliro anu. Sitimapereka chikondi kwa munthu, chifukwa palibe chikondi popanda kukhululukidwa, ndipo kukhululuka ndi ntchito yolimbika, ndipo aliyense ayenera kudzitengera. Tikukupatsani chinthu chimodzi - tikukupatsani chikhumbo chokhala ndi moyo wabwino, womwe kulibe, koma tsiku lina lomwe lidzakhale, kuti mukhale ndi moyo wowona ndi chilungamo. Ndipo mwina kufunitsitsa uku kukutsogolerani kwa Mulungu, Amayi ndi chikondi.
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Ndiwosachedwa kupsa mtima, - ndikunena kwa mnyamatayo, - chabwino, chabwino, kumenya nkhondo, osalimbana kwambiri, kukwiya, kamodzi patsiku. Ngati mukufuna, mawu amodzi awa ali ndi njira yonse yamaphunziro yomwe ndimagwiritsa ntchito.
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Mukuyankhula: "Ana amatitopetsa"... Mukunena zowona. Mumafotokoza: “Tiyenera kupita kumalingaliro awo. Gwa pansi, werama, weramira, unjenjemera "... Mwalakwitsa! Izi sizomwe timatopa nazo. Ndipo chifukwa choti muyenera kuwuka kuti akumvere. Nyamuka, imani pamutu, tambasulani.
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Sizimandikhudza, zazing'ono kapena zazikulu, ndi zomwe ena anena za iye: wokongola, woyipa, wanzeru, wopusa; sizimandikhudza ngakhale kuti ndi wophunzira wabwino, woipa kuposa ine kapena wopambana; ndi mtsikana kapena mnyamata. Kwa ine, munthu ndi wabwino ngati amachitira anthu zabwino, ngati sakufuna ndipo samachita zoyipa, ngati ali wokoma mtima.
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Ulemu, ngati suwerengedwa, ubwana woyera, wowoneka bwino, wopanda cholakwika!
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Ngati munthu angawerenge manyazi onse, kupanda chilungamo ndi mkwiyo zomwe adakumana nazo pamoyo wake, zikadapezeka kuti gawo lamkango mwa iwo limagwera chimodzimodzi paubwana "wokondwa".
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Kulera kwamakono kumafuna kuti mwana azikhala womasuka. Gawo ndi sitepe, zimatsogolera kuzisokoneza, kuziphwanya, kuwononga chilichonse chomwe ndi chifuniro ndi ufulu wa mwanayo, kuumitsa mzimu wake, mphamvu ya zofuna zake ndi zofuna zake.
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Chilichonse chomwe chimakwaniritsidwa ndi maphunziro, kukakamizidwa, ziwawa ndizofooka, ndizolakwika komanso zosadalirika.
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Ana amakonda akamakakamizidwa pang'ono: ndikosavuta kuthana ndi kukana kwamkati, kuyesetsa kumasungidwa - palibe chifukwa chosankhira. Kupanga chisankho ndi ntchito yotopetsa. Chofunikira chikukakamira kunja kokha, kusankha kwaulere mkati.
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Osanyoza chisomo. Zimapweteka kwambiri. Akuluakulu amaganiza kuti timaiwala mosavuta, sitikudziwa kuyamikira. Ayi, timakumbukira bwino. Ndi kusasamala kulikonse, ndi ntchito iliyonse yabwino. Ndipo timakhululuka kwambiri ngati tiwona kukoma mtima komanso kuwona mtima.
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Ndizovuta kukhala ochepa. Nthawi zonse muyenera kukweza mutu wanu ... Chilichonse chikuchitika kwinakwake pamwambapa, pamwamba panu. Ndipo mumadzimva nokha kukhala otayika, ofooka, opanda pake. Mwina ndichifukwa chake timakonda kuyimilira pafupi ndi akulu atakhala - umu ndi momwe timaonera maso awo.
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Ngati mayi akupha mwanayo zoopsa zongoyerekeza kuti akwaniritse kumvera, kuti akhale wodekha, wodekha, womvera ndikudya ndikugona, pambuyo pake amubwezera, kumuwopseza, ndikumunamizira. Sadzafuna kudya, sadzafuna kugona, sasokoneza, ndikupanga phokoso. Pangani gehena pang'ono
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Ndipo mawu awa ochokera ku Korczak akuyenera kusamalidwa mwapadera:
Wopemphayo amataya zachifundo momwe angafunire, koma mwanayo alibe chilichonse chake, ayenera kuyankha mlandu pazinthu zilizonse zomwe amalandila kuti azigwiritse ntchito. Sangang'ambike, kuthyoledwa, kudetsedwa, kuperekedwa, kukanidwa ndi kunyoza. Mwanayo ayenera kuvomereza ndikukhutira. Chilichonse chili munthawi yake komanso pamalo ake, mwanzeru komanso molingana ndi cholinga. Mwina ndichifukwa chake amayamikira zopanda pake zopanda pake zomwe zimatidabwitsa ndi kutimvera chisoni: zinyalala zosiyanasiyana ndizokhazokha zomwe ndi chuma komanso zingwe - zingwe, mabokosi, mikanda.
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Tiyenera kusamala kuti tisasokoneze "zabwino" ndi "zabwino". Amalira pang'ono, samadzuka usiku, kudalira, kumvera - zabwino. Wosasunthika, amafuula popanda chifukwa chenicheni, mayiyo sawona kuwala chifukwa cha iye - koyipa.
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Ngati tigawa umunthu kukhala akulu ndi ana, ndipo moyo kukhala ubwana ndi uchikulire, zimapezeka kuti ana ndi ubwana ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri la umunthu ndi moyo. Pokhapokha ngati tili otanganidwa ndi nkhawa zathu, kulimbana kwathu, sitimamuwona, monganso akazi, alimi, mafuko akapolo ndi anthu sanazindikire kale. Tinadzipanga tokha kuti ana atisokoneze pang'ono momwe angathere, kuti amvetse pang'ono momwe tingathere komanso zomwe timachita.
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Pofuna mawa, timanyalanyaza zomwe zimakondweretsa, zochititsa manyazi, zodabwitsa, kukwiya, zimakhala ndi mwana lero. Pofuna mawa, zomwe sakumvetsa, zomwe safuna, zaka za moyo zikuba, zaka zambiri. Mudzakhalabe ndi nthawi. Dikirani mpaka mutakula. Ndipo mwanayo akuganiza: "Ine sindine kanthu. Akuluakulu okha ndi omwe ali china chake. " Amadikirira ndikudukiza tsiku ndi tsiku, amadikirira ndikupumira, kudikirira ndikubisala, kudikirira ndikumeza malovu. Ubwana wosangalatsa? Ayi, ndizosangalatsa, ndipo ngati pali nthawi yabwino mmenemo, amapambananso, ndipo nthawi zambiri, amabedwa.
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Kumwetulira mwana - mukuyembekezeranso kumwetulira. Kunena china chosangalatsa - mumayembekezera chidwi. Mukakwiya, mwanayo ayenera kukhumudwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mumalandira yankho lokhalitsa pakukwiya. Ndipo zimachitikanso mwanjira ina: mwanayo amachita modabwitsa. Muli ndi ufulu wodabwitsidwa, muyenera kuganiza, koma musakhale okwiya, osakwiya.
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Mu gawo lakumverera, amatiposa, chifukwa sadziwa mabuleki. M'munda waluntha, osachepera ofanana ndi ife. Ali ndi zonse. Amangokhala wopanda chidziwitso. Chifukwa chake, wamkulu nthawi zambiri amakhala mwana, ndipo mwana amakhala wamkulu. Kusiyana kokha ndikuti sapeza ndalama, kuti, pokhala athu, amakakamizidwa kutsatira zomwe tikufuna.
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Mu nkhokwe yanga yophunzitsira, mwa ine, tinene, zida zothandizira aphunzitsi, pali njira zosiyanasiyana: kung'ung'udza pang'ono ndi kunyoza pang'ono, kukuwa ndi kukunkha, ngakhale kutsuka mutu mwamphamvu.
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Komanso mawu ozama odabwitsa ochokera kwa Janusz Korczak:
Timabisa zofooka zathu ndi zochita zathu zomwe zimayenera kulandira chilango. Ana saloledwa kudzudzula ndikuwona mawonekedwe athu oseketsa, zizolowezi zoyipa, mbali zoseketsa. Timadzipanga tokha kukhala angwiro. Poopsezedwa kuti ndi wolakwa kwambiri, timasunga zinsinsi za olamulira, gulu la osankhika - omwe akuchita nawo masakramenti apamwamba kwambiri. Ndi mwana yekhayo amene angawululidwe mopanda manyazi ndikuyika mapiritsi. Timasewera ndi ana okhala ndi makhadi; zofooka za ubwana tidamenya maekala oyenera a akulu. Ochita zachinyengo, timazembetsa makadi m'njira yoti titsutse ana omwe ali ndi zoyipa zomwe zili zabwino mwa ife.
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Kodi mwana ayenera kuyenda ndikuyankhula liti? - Akamayenda ndikuyankhula. Kodi ayenera kudula liti mano? - Akangodula. Ndipo chisoti chachifumu chiyenera kukulira pokhapokha chikachulukira.
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Ndi mlandu kukakamiza ana kugona pomwe samamva choncho. Gome lowonetsa nthawi yogona yomwe mwana amafunikira ndilopanda pake.
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Mwanayo ndi mlendo, samvetsetsa chilankhulo, sadziwa mayendedwe amisewu, sadziwa malamulo ndi miyambo.
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Ndiwulemu, womvera, wabwino, womasuka - koma palibe lingaliro loti akhale wofowoka mkati komanso wofooka kwambiri.
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Sindinadziwe kuti mwanayo amakumbukira bwino, amadikirira moleza mtima.
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Khomo lidzatsina chala, zenera limatuluka ndikugwa, fupa lidzatsamwitsidwa, mpando udzigogoda wokha, mpeni udzivulaza, ndodo idzatulutsa diso, bokosi lomwe litulutsidwa pansi lidzakhala ndi matenda, machesi adzawotcha. “Uswa dzanja lako, galimoto lidzagundana, galuyo adzaluma. Osadya chakudya, osamwa madzi, osayenda opanda nsapato, osathamanga padzuwa, tenga chovala chako, mangani mpango. Mukuwona, sanandimvere ... Yang'anani: opunduka, koma akhungu kumeneko. Abambo, magazi! Ndani wakupatsani lumo? " Kuvulala sikungasanduke mabala, koma mantha a meningitis, kusanza - osati dyspepsia, koma chizindikiro cha fever. Misampha yakonzedwa kulikonse, yoopsa komanso yankhanza. Ngati mwanayo amakhulupirira, samadya pang'onopang'ono maula osapsa ndipo, akunyenga kuyang'anitsitsa kwa makolo, samayatsa machesi kwinakwake kobisika ndi mtima wogunda, ngati akumvera, osachita chilichonse, modalira amapereka zofuna kuti apewe kuyesa konse, kusiya kuyesayesa kulikonse , kuyesayesa, kuchokera pachiwonetsero chilichonse cha chifuniro, kodi atani pamene mwa iye yekha, mwakuya kwake kwa uzimu, akumva momwe china chake chimamupwetekera, kuwotcha, ndi mbola?
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Kusazindikira kopanda malire komanso mawonekedwe akuyang'ana kumatha kuloleza munthu kuti mwana ali wodziwika bwino, wopangidwa ndi chikhalidwe chabwinobwino, nzeru, moyo wabwino komanso moyo.
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Tiyenera kumvetsetsa zabwino, zoyipa, anthu, nyama, ngakhale mtengo wosweka ndi mwala.
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Mwanayo salankhulabe. Adzayankhula liti? Zowonadi, kuyankhula ndi chisonyezo cha kukula kwa mwana, koma osati chokhacho osati chofunikira kwambiri. Kuyembekezera moleza mtima mawu oyamba ndi umboni wa kusakhwima kwa makolo monga ophunzitsa.
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Akuluakulu safuna kumvetsetsa kuti mwana amayankha mwachikondi, ndipo mkwiyo mwa iye umamupangitsa kukana.
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