Mmodzi mwa "Misonkhano Isanu ndi iwiri" yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso ku Europe, komwe kudakwera mapiri aku Russia ndi Phiri la Elbrus - Mecca kwa skiers, freeriders, othamanga olowa m'malo otsetsereka. Pokhala ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi oyenerera komanso zida zoyenera, chimphona chimamvera pafupifupi aliyense. Amadzaza mitsinje ya North Caucasus ndi madzi opatsa moyo osungunuka.
Malo a Phiri la Elbrus
M'dera lomwe malire a Karachay-Cherkess ndi Kabardino-Balkarian alipo, "phiri la mapiri chikwi" limakwera. Chifukwa chake Elbrus amatchedwa mchilankhulo cha Karachai-Balkarian. Malo omwe ali m'derali:
- latitude ndi longitude: 43 ° 20'45 ″ N. sh., 42 ° 26'55 ″ mkati. ndi zina.;
- Mapiri akumadzulo ndi kum'mawa amafika 5642 ndi 5621 m pamwamba pamadzi.
Mapiriwo ali pamtunda wa makilomita atatu kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Pansi pakati pawo, kumtunda kwa 5416 m, chishalo chimathamanga, kuchokera komwe gawo lomaliza lakukwera ligonjetsedwa.
Makhalidwe azikhalidwe zachilengedwe
Zaka za chimphona chopangidwa ndizoposa zaka 1 miliyoni. Poyamba inali phiri lophulika. Matenda ake sakudziwika pakadali pano. Akasupe amadzi amchere otentha mpaka + 60 ° C, akutuluka m'miyala, akuchitira umboni za kuphulika kwakanthawi kwakanthawi. Kuphulika komaliza kunali mu 50 AD. e.
Phirili limadziwika ndi nyengo yovuta. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kumayamba -10 ° C pansi mpaka -25 ° C pafupifupi 2500 m, pamwamba mpaka -40 ° C. Kugwa kwa chipale chofewa sikofala ku Elbrus.
M'chilimwe, kutsika kwa 2500 m, mpweya umawotcha mpaka 10 ° C. Pa 4200 m, Julayi kutentha kumakhala pansi pa 0 ° C. Nyengo imakhala yosakhazikika kuno: nthawi zambiri dzuwa lamtendere dzuwa limasinthidwa mwadzidzidzi ndi nyengo yoyipa ndi chisanu ndi mphepo. Phiri lalitali kwambiri ku Russia limawala modzipereka masiku omwe kuli dzuwa. Nyengo yoyipa, imakwiriridwa ndi nkhungu yodzaza ndi mitambo.
Mpumulo wamapiri kudera la Elbrus - zigwa, miyala, mitsinje ya madzi oundana, mathithi amadzi. Pambuyo pa kutalika kwa 3500 m pa Phiri la Elbrus, zida za glacial zokhala ndi nyanja, malo otsetsereka okhala ndi moraine wowopsa, komanso miyala yambiri yosuntha imawonekera. Chigawo chonse cha mapangidwe a glacial ndi 145 km².
Pa 5500 m, kuthamanga kwamlengalenga ndi 380 mm Hg, theka lake padziko lapansi.
Mwachidule za mbiri yakugonjetsa
Ulendo woyamba wasayansi yaku Russia wopita ku Elbrus udakonzedwa mu 1829. Ophunzirawo sanafike pamwambowu, udangogonjetsedwa ndi wowongolera. Zaka 45 pambuyo pake, gulu la Angelezi mothandizidwa ndi wowongolera adakwera nsonga yakumadzulo ya phiri lalitali kwambiri ku Europe. Mapu am'derali adayamba kupangidwa ndi wofufuza wankhondo waku Russia a Pastukhov, yemwe adakwera mapiri onse awiri osaperekezedwa. M'zaka zaulamuliro waku Soviet Union, dzikolo lidapanga masewera okwera mapiri, kugonjetsa nsonga za Caucasus inali nkhani yotchuka.
Phiri lotentha la Elbrus silimawopseza okonda. Amathera tchuthi chawo osati pagombe lodzaza ndi anthu, koma akupita kumtunda wopanda anthu kuti akhale olimba komanso opirira. Pali nkhani yodziwika yokhudza Balkarian Akhiy Sattaev, yemwe adapanga 9 kukwera mapiri, komaliza ali ndi zaka 121.
Zomangamanga, kutsetsereka
Zovuta zamautumizidwe ndi ntchito zimapangidwa mokwanira kokha kutsetsereka kwakumwera kwa Elbrus, komwe kuli makilomita 12 amgalimoto zama chingwe, mahotela, malo okwerera ma helikopita. Njira zodera lakumwera ndizotchinga pang'ono, pafupifupi sizimasokoneza kuyenda kwaulere. Pali kukweza pamisewu yayikulu yodzaza. Kutalika konse kwa malo otsetsereka ndi 35 km. Pali mayendedwe a othamanga odziwa komanso oyamba kumene.
Pali sukulu yopanga ski komanso yobwereketsa zida zamasewera. Kukwera kumalo otsetsereka ndi okonzekera chipale chofewa (alpine taxi) kwakonzedwa. Ma Freerider amatsitsidwa ndi helikopita kupita kumalo otsetsereka a namwali, kuchokera komwe amathamangira mwachangu kwambiri.
Nthawi yotsetsereka imayamba pakati pa Novembala ndipo imatha mpaka Epulo. Nthawi zina chipale chofewa chimakhala pamalo otsetsereka a phiri lalitali kwambiri la Elbrus mpaka Meyi. Madera osankhidwa amapezeka kwa skiers chaka chonse. Dombay (1600-3050 m) ndiye malo okongola kwambiri ku Russia. Otsetsereka ambiri amakonda malo otsetsereka a Cheget, omwe amatsutsana ndi mapiri otsetsereka aku Europe. Kuchokera pa malo owonera alendo, alendo amasangalala ndi malingaliro azachilengedwe, kumasuka ku cafe yachipembedzo "Ay", komwe ankakonda kuyendera bard Y. Vizbor.
Alendo amapatsidwa maulendo othamanga, okwera pamawala oundana. Ma Ratracks adzakwezedwa kumalo okwera kwambiri kuti asonyeze panorama ya Caucasus. Zithunzi ndi zithunzi za m'derali zimakongoletsa malo ozungulira. Pansi pa phiri, alendo amakumana ndi malo omwera, malo odyera, zipinda zamagetsi, ma sauna.
Kufotokozera za mawonekedwe akukwera mapiri
Ngakhale masiku ochepa nyengo yamapiri ndi mayeso ovuta kwa munthu wosakonzekera. Ndibwino kuti oyamba kumene ayambe njira yovuta pakati pakatentha kuchokera kutsetsereka kwakumwera motsogozedwa ndi wowongolera waluso. Kutsata mfundo zovomerezeka, kupezeka kwa zida zofunikira kumafunika. Nyengo yakukwera imayamba kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembala, nthawi zina mpaka koyambirira kwa Okutobala.
Njira zopangidwa mosiyanasiyana zapangidwa ku Elbrus. Kuchokera kumwera, alendo amayenda ndi galimoto yachingwe mbali ina yokwera. Ndikukwera kwina, maulendo opita kumalo okwera mpaka kutalika.
Zosangalatsa, malo ogona pamafunde oundana amapangidwa, mwachitsanzo, magaleta oyimilira "Bochki" (3750 m) kapena hotelo yabwino "Liprus" (3912 m). Mpumulo ku hotelo yamapiri ataliatali "Priyut 11" (4100 m) ndi kukwera kofikira ku Pastukhov Rocks (4700 m) kulimbitsa thupi, kukonzekera alendo othamanga kwambiri.
Njira yakumpoto ndiyovuta kwambiri kuposa yakumwera, ndi yamiyala komanso yayitali munthawi yake. Imathamangira kumsonkhano wakummawa pamwamba pa miyala ya Lenz (4600-5200 m). Palibe ntchito pano, koma adrenaline, malo owoneka bwino, achilengedwe aku Caucasus popanda zochitika zachitukuko amaperekedwa. Kuyimilira kumapangidwa ku Northern Shelter. Kutsika kumadutsa "bowa wamwala" ndi akasupe otentha a Dzhily-Su thirakiti (2500 m) wokhala ndi dzenje la narzan, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yachilimwe kusamba.
Tikukulangizani kuti muyang'ane mapiri a Himalaya.
Ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi okha ndi omwe amatha kuthana ndi kukwera kokongola pamtsinje wa Akcheryakol.
Ulendo wopita kuphiri la Elbrus
Maupangiri akatswiri ndi makampani amapereka ntchito kwa alendo omwe akufuna kukwera mapiriwo, kuwapatsa chidziwitso chofunikira. Ophunzirawo akumbukira kuti Phiri la Elbrus limadabwitsa mwanjira zosasangalatsa zachilengedwe:
- Nyengo yoyipa - kuzizira, matalala, mphepo, kusaoneka bwino;
- mpweya wochepa thupi, kusowa kwa mpweya;
- cheza choipa cha ultraviolet;
- kupezeka kwa mpweya wa sulfurous.
Alendo akuyembekezeka kukwera ndi chikwama cholemera, kugona usiku wonse m'mahema ozizira, ndikusowa zofunikira. Kutha kugwiritsa ntchito nkhwangwa ya ayezi, kuyenda mtolo pamtunda, ndikumvera chilango kumathandiza. Ndikofunikira kuwunika mozama mphamvu, thanzi kuti tipewe zochitika zosayembekezereka.
Momwe mungafikire kumeneko
Malo ogulitsira a Stavropol amalumikizana pafupipafupi ndi njanji komanso mpweya ndi mizinda yaku Russia. Kuchokera pano kupita kumapiri okwera mabasi oyenda, matekisi oyenda pamsewu, kubwereketsa magalimoto kumaperekedwa. Magulu opita maulendo amaperekedwa posamutsa.
Sitima ya tsiku ndi tsiku imapita ku Nalchik kuchokera kokwerera masitima aku Moscow Kazansky. Ulendowu umatenga pafupifupi maola 34. Kuchokera ku St. Petersburg sitima imangopita ku Mineralnye Vody.
Mabasi wamba ochokera ku Moscow amapita ku Nalchik ndi Mineralnye Vody, yolumikizidwa ndi ntchito yamabasi kumapiri.
Ndege zochokera ku Moscow zimachitikira ku Nalchik ndi Mineralnye Vody, kuchokera ku St. Petersburg kupita ku Nalchik - posamutsa.
