Mwala woyera Rostov Kremlin amadziwika bwino kwa anthu ambiri mdziko lathu. Panali pano pomwe zithunzi za kanema wotchuka "Ivan Vasilyevich Asintha Ntchito Yake" adazijambula. Ngakhale zojambulazo zokhala ndi Moscow wakale zimawonetsa Moscow Kremlin, kuwomberako kunachitika m'zipinda zofananira ndikulemba ma Kremlin ku Rostov. Mzindawu uli m'dera la Yaroslavl, lomwe kale linkatchedwa Rostov Wamkulu.
Mbiri yomanga Rostov Kremlin
Pali kutsutsanabe zakuti nyumbayi ku Rostov ili ndi ufulu wodziwika ndi dzina loti "Kremlin". Nyumba zakale ngati izi, malinga ndi tanthauzo lawo, zimagwira ntchito yodzitchinjiriza. Ntchito yawo yomanga imayenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi zofunikira pazolimba kutalika ndi makulidwe a makoma, malo omwe panali ziphuphu komanso nsanja. Ku Rostov Kremlin, zinthu zambiri sizikukwaniritsa zofunikira zodzitetezera, koma zimangokhala zokongoletsa. Izi zidachitika kuyambira koyambirira kwa zomangamanga.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti nyumbayi sinatengeredwe ngati malo achitetezo, koma ngati malo okhala Metropolitan Ion Sysoevich, wamkulu waampando wa bishopu ku Rostov. Vladyka iyemwini amayang'anira chitukuko cha ntchitoyi ndi ntchito yomanga kuyambira koyambirira mpaka kumapeto.
Chifukwa chake mu 1670-1683, bwalo la Metropolitan (Bishop) lidamangidwa, kutsanzira munda wa Edeni wa m'Baibulo wokhala ndi nsanja mozungulira malo ndi dziwe pakati. Inde, kulinso mayiwe - nyumbazi zidamangidwa pafupi ndi Nyanja Nero, paphiri, ndipo maiwe opangira adakumbidwa m'mabwalo.
Bwaloli linali malo okhalamo komanso ogwiriramo ntchito zauzimu wapamwamba kwazaka zopitilira zana. Mu 1787, mabishopu adasamukira ku Yaroslavl, ndipo gulu la zomangamanga, momwe malo osungira anali, pang'onopang'ono zidasokonekera. Atsogoleri anali okonzeka kuchichotsa, koma amalonda a Rostov sanalole kuwonongedwa ndipo mu 1860-1880 adabwezeretsa.
Pambuyo pake, Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov, mfumu yamtsogolo yaku Russia, adatenga Khothi Lalikulu mmanja mwake ndikuyamba kutsegula nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale kumeneko. Rostov Kremlin Museum-Reserve idatsegulidwa kuti iyendere mu 1883. Lero ndi malo achikhalidwe ku Russia.
Mkhalidwe wapano wa Rostov Kremlin
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kubwezeretsa zinthu zambiri za Rostov Kremlin kwachitika mwachangu. Kwina kumalizidwa kale, kotero alendo amatha kuwona zojambula, makoma ndi zinthu zamkati. M'nyumba ndi nyumba zina, akukonzekerabe. Nyumba zonse zosungiramo zinthu zakale zimachokera ku federal, kupatula Assumption Cathedral, yomwe yakhala ya Orthodox Church kuyambira 1991.
Kumbuyo kwa makoma amiyala okhala ndi nsanja khumi ndi chimodzi pali: zipinda zakale, mipingo, tchalitchichi, nsanja za belu, nyumba zakunja. Agawidwa m'magawo atatu, iliyonse ili ndi bwalo lake. Chigawo chapakati ndi bwalo la Bishop lozunguliridwa ndi mipingo yokhala ndi nyumba zokhalamo. Gawo lakumpoto - Cathedral Square ndi Assumption Cathedral. Kummwera kwa South - Metropolitan Garden yokhala ndi dziwe.
Zomwe muyenera kuwona mu Kremlin?
Maulendo ozungulira Rostov Kremlin amapezeka kwa aliyense. Nyumba zina ndi zaufulu kulowa, koma malo owonetserako komanso malo ambiri amatha kuchezera akagula tikiti yovomerezeka. Maulendo otsatirawa ndiofunika kwambiri pakati pa alendo okhala mumzinda:
- Chiphunzitso Cathedral... Tchalitchi cholamulidwa ndi anthu asanu chidamangidwa mu 1512 pamiyala ya guwa lamapiri la Leontief, lomwe limakhalabe ndi zotsalira za St. Leonty, Bishop wa Rostov ndi Suzdal. Mu chapelachi cham'mbali mu 1314, mwana adabatizidwa, yemwe pambuyo pake adakhala Sergius waku Radonezh. Ntchito yomanganso kachisiyo sinamalizidwe kwathunthu, zojambulazo zimangosungidwa pang'ono. Kachisiyu akugwira ntchito, zomangamanga zikufanana ndi Assumption Cathedral ku Moscow. Kuloledwa ndi kwaulere, kwaulere, kudzera ku Cathedral Square.
- Belfry, PA... Bell tower inamangidwa mu 1687. Mabelu onse 15 asungidwa mokwanira kwathunthu. Belu lalikulu kwambiri pa belfry ndi "Sysoi", limalemera matani 32, "Polyeleos" - matani 16. Mabelu ena onse amalemera pang'ono; maina awo ndi enieni: "Mbuzi", "Ram", "Njala", "Swan". Kukwera kunsanjaku kumalipidwa, koma alendo saloledwa kuliza mabelu. Sitolo yokumbutsa za ziwiya zadothi zakuda ili kumapeto kwa nyumbayi. Mu belfry momwemo muli Mpingo Wolowera ku Yerusalemu.
- Resurrection Church (Chipata)... Omangidwa mozungulira 1670 pazipata ziwiri, zoyenda komanso zoyenda, zomwe zimatsegula njira yopita ku khothi la Bishop. Mukamadutsa pazipata, tikiti imagulidwa kuti iyendere bwalo la Aepiskopi ndi matchalitchi ake.
- Nyumba m'nyumba zosungira... Nyumba yomwe kale inali yogona, pansi pomwe panali nyumba zapakhomo. Tsopano "House on Cellars" yakhala hotelo yokhala ndi dzina lomweli, pomwe aliyense amene akufuna kugona usiku amakhala m'malire a Rostov Kremlin. Mulingo wachitonthozo mu hotelo siwokwera, koma alendo ali ndi mwayi woyenda kuzungulira Kremlin yopanda kanthu, ndipo m'mawa - dzukani kulira kwa mabelu.
- Munda Wamkulu... Kulongosola kwa Rostov Kremlin sikungakhale kwathunthu osanenapo za ngodya iyi yopumulira. Mutha kuyenda m'munda, kumasuka pamabenchi. Mundawo umakhala wokongola kwambiri masika, pomwe mitengo ya maapulo ndi mitengo ina imakhala pachimake.
Pamwambapa ndi maulendo odziwika kwambiri mdera la Rostov Kremlin. Musaiwale kutenga chithunzi chanu kapena makanema kuti mupite nawo kukajambula malingaliro amakanema akale ndikutenga zithunzi zanu motsutsana ndi zochitika zosaiwalika za mufilimuyi ndi Leonid Gaidai.
Zambiri pazokhudza Kremlin
Nyumba zosungira zakale zosungidwa: kuyambira 10:00 mpaka 17:00 chaka chonse (kupatula Januware 1). Maulendo pampanda ndi pamakoma a Kremlin amangochitika nyengo yotentha, kuyambira Meyi mpaka Okutobala.
Adilesi ya Museum: Dera la Yaroslavl, mzinda wa Rostov (onani, ili si dera la Rostov). Kuchokera kokwerera mabasi kapena njanji, njira yopita ku Kremlin imatenga mphindi 10-15 wapansi. Nsanja zake ndi nyumba zake zokhazikika zimawoneka kuchokera kumalire aliwonse a Rostov, chifukwa chake sikutayika panjira. Kuphatikiza apo, aliyense wokhala mumzinda akhoza kukuwuzani mosavuta komwe kukopa kwakukulu kwamzindawu kuli.
Ku ofesi yamatikiti ku Museum-Reserve, mutha kugula tikiti yosiyana kuti mukayendere nyumba imodzi kapena chiwonetsero, ndi tikiti imodzi "Kuwoloka pamakoma a Kremlin". Mitengo yowonekera payokha ndiyotsika, kuyambira 30 mpaka 70 ruble.
Mpofunika kuyang'ana Tobolsk Kremlin.
Zochita zokhala ndi kulira kwa belu, pakupanga makadi achikale osungiramo zinthu zakale, kupenta ndi enamel ya Rostov mtengo wokwanira ma ruble 150 mpaka 200.
Hotelo "House on Cellars" idatsegulidwa, pomwe alendo amakhala nthawi iliyonse, kuyambira usiku umodzi mpaka masiku angapo. Zipinda zokhala ndi malo achinsinsi zimapangidwira munthu m'modzi kapena atatu. Chakudya chimaperekedwa mu malo odyera a Sobranie, otseguka kwa onse obwera kumalo a Red Chamber. Malo odyerawa amapangira zakudya zapamwamba zaku Russia, kuphatikiza nsomba ndi nyama. Ndikotheka kuyitanitsa phwando ku malo odyera ku Kremlin paukwati kapena pamwambo wokumbukira.
