Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko (1911-1985) - Chipani cha Soviet komanso kazembe. Secretary General wa CPSU Central Committee kuyambira pa February 13, 1984 mpaka pa Marichi 10, 1985, Wapampando wa Presidium wa Supreme Soviet ya USSR, membala wa CPSU (b) ndi Central Committee of the CPSU, membala wa Politburo wa CPSU Central Committee. Mtsogoleri wa USSR mu nthawi ya 1984-1985.
Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Chernenko, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Konstantin Chernenko.
Wambiri ya Chernenko
Konstantin Chernenko adabadwa pa Seputembara 11 (24), 1911 m'mudzi wa Bolshaya Tes (chigawo cha Yenisei). Iye anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja la anthu osauka. Bambo ake, Ustin Demidovich, ntchito mkuwa kenako migodi golide. Amayi, Haritina Fedorovna, anali kuchita nawo ulimi.
Mtsogoleri wamtsogolo wa USSR anali ndi mlongo, Valentina, ndi abale awiri - Nikolai ndi Sidor. Tsoka loyamba mu mbiri ya Chernenko lidachitika ali ndi zaka 8, pomwe amayi ake adamwalira ndi typhus. Mwa ichi, mutu wabanja adakwatiranso.
Ana anayi onsewo sankagwirizana ndi amayi awo opeza, motero mikangano imabuka m'banjamo. Ali mwana, Konstantin anamaliza sukulu ya zaka zitatu ya achinyamata akumidzi. Poyamba anali mpainiya, ndipo ali ndi zaka 14 adakhala membala wa Komsomol.
Mu 1931, Chernenko adayitanidwa kuti akagwire ntchito, yomwe adatumikira kumalire a Kazakhstan ndi China. Msirikali adachita nawo chiwonongeko cha gulu la a Batyr Bekmuratov, komanso adalumikizana ndi CPSU (b). Kenako anapatsidwa udindo wa mlembi wa bungwe chipani cha m'malire.
Ndale
Atachotsedwa ntchito, Konstantin adasankhidwa kukhala mutu wa nyumba yamaphunziro ku Krasnoyarsk. Nthawi yomweyo anatsogolera dipatimenti yokopa anthu ku zigawo za Novoselovsky ndi Uyarsky.
Ali ndi zaka 30, Chernenko adatsogolera Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu cha Krasnoyarsk Territory. Pakutha kwa Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), adaphunzira zaka 2 ku Sukulu Yapamwamba ya Okonzekera Chipani.
Pakadali pano, mbiri yakale Konstantin Chernenko adapatsidwa ntchito mu komiti yachigawo ya Penza. Mu 1948 adakhala mutu wa dipatimenti yabodza ya Central Committee of the Communist Party of Moldova. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, mwamunayo adakumana ndi Leonid Brezhnev. Posakhalitsa, ubale wolimba unayambika pakati pa andale, omwe adakhalapo mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wawo.
Mu 1953, Konstantin Ustinovich anamaliza maphunziro awo ku Kishinev Pedagogical Institute, ndikukhala mphunzitsi wa mbiriyakale. Patatha zaka 3 anatumizidwa ku Moscow, komwe anatsogolera dipatimenti yabodza ya Central Committee ya CPSU.
Chernenko adakwanitsa kuthana ndi ntchito zomwe adapatsidwa, chifukwa chake adakhala wogwira ntchito yofunikira kwa Brezhnev. Leonid Ilyich adapereka mphotho kwa wothandizira wake ndikumukweza makwerero. Kuyambira 1960 mpaka 1965, Konstantin anali mtsogoleri wa Secretariat ya Presidium ya Supreme Soviet ya USSR.
Kenako mwamunayo adasankhidwa kukhala wamkulu wa General department of the Communist Party (1965-1982). Pomwe mu 1966 Brezhnev adasankhidwa kukhala Secretary General wa Soviet Union, Chernenko adakhala dzanja lake lamanja. Mu 1978 Konstantin Ustinovich adakhala membala wa Politburo wa CPSU Central Committee.
Chernenko anatsagana ndi Leonid Brezhnev pamaulendo akunja, akusangalala kwambiri ndi mtsogoleri wa Soviet. Secretary General adathetsa zovuta zonse zazikulu ndi Constantine ndipo kenako adapanga zisankho zomaliza.
Pachifukwa ichi, anzawo a Chernenko adayamba kumamutcha "ulemu wapamwamba", popeza adamukhudza kwambiri Brezhnev. M'zithunzi zambiri, andale amatha kuwona pafupi.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 70, thanzi la Leonid Ilyich linafooka kwambiri ndipo ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Konstantin Chernenko ndiye adzalowa m'malo mwake. Komabe, omalizawa adalangiza Yuri Andropov kuti akhale mutu wa boma. Zotsatira zake, Brezhnev atamwalira mu 1982, Andropov adakhala mtsogoleri watsopano mdzikolo.
Komabe, thanzi la wolamulira amene wasankhidwa kumeneyu silinali lofunika kwambiri. Andropov adalamulira USSR kwa zaka zochepa chabe, pambuyo pake mphamvu zonse zidaperekedwa m'manja mwa Konstantin Chernenko, yemwe panthawiyo anali ndi zaka 72.
Ndizomveka kunena kuti panthawi yomwe adasankhidwa kukhala Secretary General Chernenko anali kudwala kwambiri ndipo amawoneka ngati munthu wapakatikati pampikisano wampando wa mutu wa USSR. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti chifukwa chodwala pafupipafupi, misonkhano ina ya Politburo ya CPSU Central Committee idachitikira muzipatala.
Konstantin Ustinovich adalamulira boma kwa zaka zopitilira 1, komabe adakwanitsa kusintha zingapo zofunikira. Pansi pake, Tsiku la Chidziwitso lidakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo, lomwe limakondweretsedwabe pa Seputembara 1. Ndi kugonjera kwake, kukhazikitsidwa kwa pulogalamu yokwanira yosintha zachuma kunayamba.
Pansi pa Chernenko, panali kulumikizananso ndi China ndi Spain, pomwe ubale ndi United States udakalipobe. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Secretary General adakhazikitsa chiletso chazomwe zimayimbidwa mdziko muno, popeza adawona momwe nyimbo za rock zakunja zimakhudzira achinyamata.
Moyo waumwini
Mkazi woyamba wa ndale anali Faina Vasilyevna, amene anakhala naye kwa zaka zingapo. Muukwatiwu, banjali linali ndi mwana wamwamuna Albert komanso mtsikana Lydia.
Pambuyo pake, Chernenko anakwatira Anna Lyubimova. Pambuyo pake, banjali linali ndi mwana wamwamuna, Vladimir, ndi ana awiri aakazi, Vera ndi Elena. Nthawi zambiri Anna anali kupereka upangiri wofunika kwa mwamuna wake. Malinga ndi magwero ena, ndi iye amene adathandizira paubwenzi wake ndi Brezhnev.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti mu 2015 adalemba zikalata zomwe Chernenko analibe akazi awiri, koma zina zambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, adawasiya ena ndi ana.
Imfa
Konstantin Chernenko adamwalira pa Marichi 10, 1985 ali ndi zaka 73. Chifukwa cha imfa yake chinali kumangidwa kwamtima, motsutsana ndi kulephera kwa impso ndi m'mapapo mwanga. Mikhail Gorbachev adasankhidwa kulowa m'malo mwake tsiku lotsatira.
Zithunzi za Chernenko
