St.Petersburg ndi mzinda wakumpoto, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kudabwitsa ndi kutakasuka kwake, kutchuka kwake komanso poyambira. Winter Palace ku St. Petersburg ndi imodzi chabe mwa malo ochititsa chidwi, omwe ndi luso lapamwamba kwambiri la zomangamanga m'zaka zapitazi.
Winter Palace ndiye malo okhalamo olamulira aboma. Kwa zaka zopitilira zana, mabanja achifumu amakhala munyumbayi nthawi yachisanu, yomwe imadziwika ndi kapangidwe kake kapadera. Nyumbayi ndi gawo la State Hermitage Museum.
Mbiri ya Winter Palace ku St. Petersburg
Ntchito yomangayi idachitika motsogozedwa ndi Peter I. Kapangidwe koyamba kamene kanakhazikitsidwa kwa mfumuyo inali nyumba yansanjika ziwiri yokutidwa ndi matailosi, khomo lake lidali ndi masitepe apamwamba.
Mzindawu udakulirakulira, wokulitsidwa ndi nyumba zatsopano, ndipo Nyumba Yachifumu yoyamba ya Zima idawoneka yopepuka. Malinga ndi kulamula kwa Peter l, ina inamangidwa pafupi ndi nyumba yachifumu yapitayi. Inali yayikulupo pang'ono kuposa yoyamba, koma mawonekedwe ake apadera anali miyala - mwalawo. Ndizodabwitsa kuti anali nyumba ya amonke iyi yomwe inali yomaliza kwa amfumu, pano mu 1725 adamwalira. Pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa tsar, wamisiri waluso D. Trezzini adagwira ntchito yobwezeretsa.
Kuunika kwina, komwe kunali Mfumukazi Anna Ioannovna. Sanasangalale ndikuti malo a General Apraksin amawoneka owoneka bwino kuposa achifumu. Kenako wolemba waluso komanso wodziwa za ntchitoyi F. Rastrelli adawonjezera nyumba yayitali, yomwe idatchedwa "Nyumba yachinayi yachisanu ku St. Petersburg".
Pakadali pano womanga adadabwitsidwa ndi ntchito yogona nyumbayo munthawi yochepa kwambiri - zaka ziwiri. Chokhumba cha Elizabeth sichingakwaniritsidwe mwachangu, chifukwa chake Rastrelli, yemwe anali wokonzeka kugwira ntchitoyi, adafunsa kangapo kuti awonjezere nthawi.
Ma serfs masauzande ambiri, amisiri, ojambula, ogwira ntchito zapa maziko ankagwira ntchito yomanga nyumbayi. Pulojekiti yayikuluyi sinayambe yaperekedwa kuti iganiziridwe kale. A Serfs, omwe ankagwira ntchito kuyambira m'mawa mpaka pakati pausiku, amakhala mozungulira nyumbayo munyumba zonyamulika, koma ena mwa iwo ndiomwe amaloledwa kugona pansi padenga la nyumbayo.
Ogulitsa mashopu apafupi adasangalatsidwa ndi zomangamanga, chifukwa chake adakweza mitengo yazakudya. Izi zidachitika kuti mtengo wa chakudya udachotsedwa pamalipiro a wantchito, kotero serfyo sikuti idangopeza ndalama zokha, komanso idakhalabe ndi ngongole kwa abwanawo. Wankhanza komanso wokayikira, pamiyoyo yosweka ya ogwira ntchito wamba, "nyumba" yatsopano idamangidwa chifukwa cha ma tsars.
Ntchito yomalizayi itamalizidwa, St. Petersburg idalandira luso lapamwamba lomwe lidachita chidwi ndi kukula kwake komanso moyo wapamwamba. Nyumba Yachisanu inali ndi malo awiri otuluka, umodzi unali moyang'anizana ndi Neva, ndipo kuchokera winayo umatha kuwona bwalolo. Chipinda choyamba chinali ndi zipinda zothandiza, pamwamba pake panali maholo okondwerera, zipata za munda wachisanu, chipinda chachitatu ndi chomaliza chinali cha antchito.
Ndidakonda nyumba ya Peter III, yemwe, poyamika luso lake labwino kwambiri, adasankha kupatsa Rastrelli udindo wa Major General. Ntchito ya womanga wamkulu idatha momvetsa chisoni ndikulowa mpando wachifumu wa Catherine II.
Moto m'nyumba yachifumu
Tsoka lowopsa lidachitika mu 1837, pomwe moto udayambika munyumba yachifumu chifukwa chakusakira kwa chimbudzi. Kudzera mwa kuyesetsa kwa magulu awiri a ozimitsa moto, adayesa kuimitsa moto mkati, atatsegula zitseko ndi mawindo ndi njerwa, koma kwa maola makumi atatu sizinatheke kuletsa malirime oyipa a lawi. Moto utatha, zokhazokha, zipupa ndi zokongoletsera za chipinda choyamba zidatsalira kuchokera munyumba yapitayo - motowo udawononga chilichonse.
Ntchito yobwezeretsa idayamba pomwepo ndipo idamalizidwa patatha zaka zitatu zokha. Popeza zojambulazo sizinapulumutsidwe kuyambira pomanga koyamba, obwezeretsa amayenera kuyesa ndikupatsa kalembedwe katsopano. Zotsatira zake, chomwe chimatchedwa "chisanu ndi chiwiri" cha nyumba yachifumu chidawoneka ndimayendedwe obiriwira oyera, okhala ndi mizati yambiri ndikujambulitsa.
Ndi mawonekedwe atsopano a nyumba yachifumu, chitukuko chidabwera m'makoma ake ngati magetsi. Chomera champhamvu chidamangidwa pa chipinda chachiwiri, chomwe chimakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse zamagetsi ndipo kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu chimadziwika kuti chachikulu kwambiri ku Europe konse.
Tikukulangizani kuti muyang'ane kunyumba yachifumu ndikuyika park ya Peterhof.
Zochitika zambiri zidagwera pagawo la Winter Palace pomwe ilipo: moto, kumenya ndi kugwidwa kwa 1917, kuyesa moyo wa Alexander II, misonkhano ya Providenceal Government, kuphulitsa bomba munkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse.
Zima Palace mu 2017: malongosoledwe ake
Kwa zaka pafupifupi mazana awiri, nyumbayi inali malo okhala mafumu, 1917 yokha ndi yomwe idadzetsa dzina loti nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Pakati pazowonekera mu nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale pali magulu a East ndi Eurasia, zitsanzo za utoto ndi zodzikongoletsera ndi zaluso, ziboliboli zoperekedwa m'maholo ndi nyumba zambiri. Alendo amatha kusilira:
Pokhapokha za nyumba yachifumu
Ponena za kuchuluka kwa ziwonetsero ndi zokongoletsera zamkati, Winter Palace ndiyosayerekezeka ndi chilichonse ku St. Petersburg. Nyumbayi ili ndi mbiriyakale yapadera komanso zinsinsi zomwe sizimatha kudabwitsa alendo ake:
- Hermitage ndi yayikulu, monga maiko omwe mfumuyi idalamulira: zipinda 1,084, mawindo a 1945.
- Malowo atatsala pang'ono kumaliza, bwaloli linali lodzala ndi zinyalala zomwe zikadatenga milungu kuti ziyeretsedwe. Amfumu adauza anthu kuti atha kutenga chilichonse kuchokera kubwaloli kwaulere, ndipo pakapita kanthawi bwalolo lilibe zinthu zosafunikira.
- Winter Palace ku St. Petersburg inali ndi mitundu ina: inali yofiira panthawi yankhondo ndi omwe anaukira ku Germany, ndipo idapeza mtundu wobiriwirayo wapano mu 1946.
Chiwonetsero cha alendo
Maulendo angapo amaperekedwa kukacheza kunyumba yachifumu. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imatsegulidwa tsiku lililonse, kupatula Lolemba, maola otsegulira: kuyambira 10: 00 mpaka 18: 00. Mutha kuwona mitengo yamatikiti ndi woyendetsa malo omwe mukuyendera kapena kuofesi yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Ndi bwino kugula iwo pasadakhale. Adilesi yomwe kuli nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale: Dvortsovaya embankment, 32.
