Kolomna Kremlin ili m'chigawo cha Moscow ndipo ndi gulu la zomangamanga za m'zaka za zana la 16. Amakhala ndi makoma oteteza okhala ndi nsanja komanso nyumba zingapo zakale zomwe zasungidwa mpaka pano.
Mbiri ya Kolomna Kremlin
Grand Grand Duchy idafuna kulimbikitsa malire ake akumwera kuchokera ku Crimea Tatars, ndikukhazikitsa malo achitetezo ku Tula, Ryazan ndi Saraysk. Kutembenukira kudafika ku Kolomna, komwe kunagonjetsedwa ndi a Crimea Khan ndikupempha chitetezo. Gawo lalikulu lazitali lidawotchedwa ndi Mehmed I Giray. Nyumba yamatabwa, yomwe idamangidwa ndi miyala ya Kremlin, sinasiyireko chidziwitso chokha.
Ntchito yomanga idayamba mu 1525 ndipo idatenga zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi polamula Vasily III. Poyambirira panali nsanja 16 zophatikizidwa ndi imodzi, mpaka mamitala 21 kutalika, kotchingira khoma. Gawo la Kolomna Kremlin limakhala mahekitala 24, omwe anali ochepera pang'ono kuposa Moscow Kremlin (mahekitala 27.5). Nyumbayi ili pagombe lalitali la Mtsinje wa Moskva pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Kolomenka. Chitetezo chabwino komanso malo abwino zidapangitsa kuti Kremlin iwonongeke. Izi zinawonekera kumapeto kwa chaka cha 1606 panthawi ya kuwukira kwa anthu wamba a Ivan Bolotnikov, omwe adayesetsa kuwononga mzindawu.
M'zaka za zana la 17th, pamene malire akumwera a tsarist Russia adasunthira chakumpoto chakumwera, chitetezo cha Kolomna Kremlin sichinathenso tanthauzo lake loyambirira. Ku Kolomna, malonda ndi zamisiri zidapangidwa, pomwe mzindawu sunatsimikizidwe ndipo udawonongedwa. Nyumba zingapo za anthu wamba zidamangidwa mkati mwa khoma la Kremlin, komanso mozungulira linga, pomanga omwe mbali zina za khoma la Kremlin nthawi zina zimachotsedwa kuti apeze njerwa zomangira. Only mu 1826, kunali koletsedwa disassembate cholowa boma ndi lamulo la Nicholas I. Tsoka ilo, ndiye ambiri a zovuta anali atawonongedwa kale.
Zomangamanga za Kremlin ku Kolomna
Amakhulupirira kuti Aleviz Fryazin adachita ngati womanga wamkulu wa Kremlin ku Kolomna, kutengera chitsanzo cha Moscow. Kapangidwe ka mbuye wochokera ku Italy alidi ndi mawonekedwe amangidwe aku Italiya ku Middle Ages, mitundu yazomenyera zotetezedwa mwachidziwikire imabwereza malo achitetezo a Milan kapena Turin.
Khoma la Kremlin, lomwe limafikira pafupifupi ma kilomita awiri momwe lidalili, limakhala lokwera mpaka 21 mita mpaka 4.5 mita yokulirapo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti makomawo analengedwa osati kokha kuti atetezedwe ku nkhondo, komanso pofuna kuteteza mfuti. Kutalika kwa ulonda wotetezedwa kumakhala pakati pa 30 mpaka 35 mita. Pa nsanja khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zokha zomwe zapulumuka mpaka lero. Monga Moscow, nsanja iliyonse ili ndi dzina lakale. Pali nsanja ziwiri m'mbali yosungidwa yakumadzulo:
- Kulimbana;
- Marina.
Nyumba zina zisanuzi zili pafupi ndi gawo lakumwera kwa khoma la Kremlin:
Chipata cha Pyatnitsky ndiye khomo lalikulu lakale. Nsanjayi adatchulira ulemu tchalitchi cha Paraskeva Pyatnitsa, chomwe chidayima pafupi ndi icho, chomwe chidawonongedwa m'zaka za zana la 18.
Makedhedral ndi matchalitchi a Kolomna Kremlin
Gulu loyang'anira nyumba ya amonke ya Novogolutvinsky yazaka za zana la 17 limaphatikizapo nyumba zanyumba zomwe bishopu wakale anali necklassical bell tower ya 1825. Tsopano ndi usisitere wokhala ndi masisitere opitilira 80.
Dormition Cathedral mu 1379 ikufanana pang'ono ndi tchalitchi chachikulu chotchulidwanso ku Moscow. Kumanga kwake kumalumikizidwa ndi lamulo la Kalonga Dmitry Donskoy - atapambana Golden Horde, adalamula kuti amange.
Bell tower ya Assumption Cathedral imayima payokha, ikugwira gawo lofunikira pakupanga kwa Kremlin. Poyamba, bell tower idamangidwa ndi miyala, koma m'zaka za zana la 17 idasokonekera ndipo idamangidwanso, nthawi ino ndi njerwa. Mu 1929, pambuyo pa kampeni ya a Bolshevik, nyumba ya belu ya Cathedral idasakazidwa, chilichonse chamtengo wapatali chidachotsedwa ndipo mabelu adagwetsedwa pansi. Kubwezeretsa kwathunthu kunachitika mu 1990.
Church of the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God idakhazikitsidwa mu 1776. M'zaka za m'ma 1920, zokongoletsa zamkati zonse zidawonongedwa, ndipo tchalitchi chomwecho chidatsekedwa. Ntchito yobwezeretsa idachitika mu 1990, pomwe dome lidapangidwenso ndipo mitu isanu idabwezeretsedwa.
Mpofunika kuyang'ana ku Rostov Kremlin.
Mpingo wakale kwambiri ku Kremlin ndi Mpingo wa St. Nicholas Gostiny, womangidwa mu 1501, womwe umasunga Uthenga Wabwino wa 1509.
Mzinda wa Cathedral
Monga Moscow Kremlin, Kolomna ili ndi Cathedral Square yake, yomwe ikumanga nyumba yayikulu ndi Assumption Cathedral. Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa malowa kunayamba m'zaka za zana la XIV, koma adapeza mawonekedwe amakono patangopita zaka 4, pomwe mzindawo udamangidwanso malinga ndi "dongosolo lokhazikika". Kumpoto kwa bwaloli pali chipilala cha Cyril ndi Methodius, chomwe chidakhazikitsidwa mu 2007 - ziwerengero ziwiri zamkuwa kumbuyo kwa mtanda.
Malo owonetsera zakale
Nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale zoposa 15 komanso maholo owonetserako akugwira ntchito m'dera la Kolomna Kremlin. Nawa chidwi kwambiri ndi malongosoledwe awo:
Zinthu za gulu
Momwe mungafikire ku Kolomna Kremlin? Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zoyendera zanu kapena zapagulu, kupita ku st. Lazhechnikova, 5. Mzindawu uli pamtunda wa makilomita 120 kuchokera ku Moscow, chifukwa chake mutha kusankha njira yotsatirayi: tengani metro kupita kokwerera Kotelniki ndikukwera basi # 460. Adzakutengerani ku Kolomna, komwe mungapemphe driver kuti ayime pa "Square of two revolutions". Ulendo wonse utenga pafupifupi maora awiri kuchokera kulikulu.
Muthanso kutenga sitima. Pitani ku Kazansky Railway Station, komwe amaphunzitsa "Moscow-Golutvin" nthawi zonse. Tsikani pamapeto omaliza ndikusamukira ku shuttle basi # 20 kapena # 88, yomwe ikupititsani kuzowonera. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti njira yachiwiri itenga nthawi yochulukirapo (maola 2.5-3).
Gawo la Kremlin ndi lotseguka kwa aliyense usana ndi usiku. Maola otsegulira zowonetsera zakale: 10: 00-10: 30, ndi 16: 30-18: 00 kuyambira Lachitatu mpaka Lamlungu. Nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale zimangopezeka mwa kusankhidwa.
Posachedwa, mutha kudziwana ndi Kolomna Kremlin pa scooter. Lendi itenga ma ruble 200 pa ola la akulu, ndi ma ruble 150 kwa ana. Kuti musungire ndalama pagalimoto, muyenera kusiya ndalama kapena pasipoti.
Kuti ulendowu ukhale wokopa kwambiri ku Kolomna, ndibwino kupeza ganyu. Mtengo wa ulendowu ndi ma ruble a 1500, ndimagulu a anthu 11 omwe mungasunge ndalama - muyenera kulipira ma ruble a 2500 kwa onse. Ulendo waku Kolomna Kremlin umatenga ola limodzi ndi theka, zithunzi zimaloledwa.
