Msonkhano wa Yalta (Crimea) Wamayiko Ogwirizana (February 4-11, 1945) - msonkhano wachiwiri wa atsogoleri amayiko atatu amgwirizano wotsutsana ndi Hitler - Joseph Stalin (USSR), Franklin Roosevelt (USA) ndi Winston Churchill (Great Britain), wopatulira kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo lapadziko lonse nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha (1939-1945) ...
Pafupifupi chaka chimodzi ndi theka msonkhano usanachitike ku Yalta, nthumwi za Big Three anali atasonkhana kale ku Msonkhano wa Tehran, komwe adakambirana zakupambana ku Germany.
Mofananamo, ku Msonkhano wa Yalta, zisankho zazikuluzikulu zidapangidwa pakugawana dziko mtsogolo pakati pa mayiko opambana. Kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri, pafupifupi Europe yonse inali m'manja mwa mayiko atatu okha.
Zolinga ndi zisankho pamsonkhano wa Yalta
Msonkhanowo unayang'ana pa zinthu ziwiri:
- Malire atsopano amayenera kufotokozedwa m'malo omwe Germany Germany idalanda.
- Maiko opambana amvetsetsa kuti pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Ulamuliro Wachitatu, kugwirizanitsidwa kokakamizidwa kwa West ndi USSR kutaya tanthauzo lonse. Pachifukwa ichi, amayenera kuchita njira zomwe zingatsimikizire kuti malire omwe akhazikitsidwa adzawonongeka mtsogolo.
Poland
Funso lotchedwa "funso laku Poland" pamsonkhano wa ku Yalta linali lovuta kwambiri. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pokambirana pafupifupi mawu 10,000 adagwiritsidwa ntchito - iyi ndi kotala la mawu onse omwe adalankhulidwa pamsonkhanowu.
Pambuyo pokambirana kwakanthawi, atsogoleriwo sanathe kumvetsetsa bwino. Izi zidachitika chifukwa cha zovuta zingapo ku Poland.
Kuyambira mu February 1945, Poland inali pansi paulamuliro waboma kwakanthawi ku Warsaw, lodziwika ndi olamulira a USSR ndi Czechoslovakia. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, boma la Poland lomwe linali ku ukapolo linachita zinthu ku England, zomwe sizinagwirizane ndi zina mwazigamulo zomwe zinachitika pamsonkhano wa ku Tehran.
Pambuyo pa mkangano wautali, atsogoleri a Big Three adaganiza kuti boma la Poland lomwe lidatengedwa ukapolo lilibe ufulu wolamulira nkhondo itatha.
Pamsonkhano wa Yalta, Stalin adatha kutsimikizira omwe anali nawo nawo pakufunika kopanga boma latsopano ku Poland - "Providenceal Government of National Unity". Amayenera kuphatikiza ma Poland omwe amakhala ku Poland komwe komanso kunja.
Izi zidakwanira Soviet Union, popeza idaloleza kuti ipange boma lofunikira ku Warsaw, chifukwa chake mkangano pakati pa asitikali aku Western ndi pro-chikominisi ndi boma lino udathetsedwa mokomera omalizawa.
Germany
Atsogoleri a mayiko opambanawo adagwirizana ndi kulanda ndi kugawa Germany. Nthawi yomweyo, France inali ndi gawo lina. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti nkhani zokhudzana ndi kulanda Germany zidakambidwa chaka chatha.
Lamuloli lidakonzeratu kugawidwa kwa boma kwazaka zambiri. Zotsatira zake, ma republic 2 adapangidwa mu 1949:
- Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) - yomwe ili m'zigawo za America, Britain ndi France zolanda Nazi Germany
- German Democratic Republic (GDR) - yomwe ili pamalo omwe kale ankakhala ku Soviet m'chigawo chakum'mawa kwa dzikolo.
Omwe adatenga nawo gawo pamsonkhano wa Yalta adadzipangira cholinga chothana ndi mphamvu zankhondo zaku Germany ndi Nazism, komanso kuwonetsetsa kuti Germany sidzakhumudwitsa dziko mtsogolo.
Pachifukwa ichi, njira zingapo zidachitidwa zowononga zida zankhondo ndi mabizinesi omwe angapangitse zida zankhondo.
Kuphatikiza apo, Stalin, Roosevelt ndi Churchill adagwirizana momwe angabweretsere zigawenga zankhondo zonse, ndipo koposa zonse, kuthana ndi Nazi m'mawonekedwe ake onse.
Ma Balkan
Pamsonkhano wa Crimea, chidwi chachikulu chidaperekedwa ku nkhani ya ku Balkan, kuphatikiza zovuta ku Yugoslavia ndi Greece. Zimavomerezedwa kuti kumapeto kwa 1944, a Joseph Stalin adalola Britain kusankha tsogolo la Agiriki, ndichifukwa chake kusamvana pakati pa magulu achikomyunizimu ndi omwe anali kumbali ya Azungu kunathetsedwa mokomera omalizawa.
Kumbali inayi, zidadziwika kuti mphamvu ku Yugoslavia ikhala m'manja mwa gulu lankhondo logwirizana ndi a Josip Broz Tito.
Chilengezo ku Europe Yomasulidwa
Pamsonkhano wa Yalta, Declaration on a Liberated Europe idasainidwa, yomwe idaganizira zobwezeretsa ufulu m'maiko omasulidwa, komanso ufulu wa ogwirizana kuti "athandizire" anthu omwe akhudzidwa.
Mayiko aku Europe amayenera kukhazikitsa mabungwe a demokalase momwe angawone kuyenera. Komabe, lingaliro lothandizana nawo silinakwaniritsidwepo pakuchita. Dziko lirilonse lopambana linali ndi mphamvu zokhazokha komwe kuli ankhondo ake.
Zotsatira zake, mayiko omwe kale anali ogwirizana adayamba kupereka "thandizo" kokha kumayiko oyandikira. Ponena za kubweza, Allies sanathe kukhazikitsa chindapusa. Zotsatira zake, America ndi Britain zisamutsa 50% yazobwezeredwa zonse ku USSR.
UN
Pamsonkhanowu, funso lidafunsidwa zakukhazikitsidwa kwa bungwe lapadziko lonse lapansi lomwe likhoza kutsimikizira kusasinthika kwa malire omwe akhazikitsidwa. Zotsatira zakukambirana kwakanthawi ndikukhazikitsidwa kwa United Nations.
UN idayenera kuwunika momwe dziko likuyendera padziko lonse lapansi. Bungweli limayenera kuthetsa kusamvana pakati pa mayiko.
Nthawi yomweyo, America, Britain ndi USSR adakondabe kuthana ndi mavuto apadziko lonse lapansi kudzera pamisonkhano yamayiko awiri. Zotsatira zake, UN sinathe kuthetsa mikangano yankhondo, yomwe pambuyo pake idakhudza United States ndi USSR.
Cholowa cha Yalta
Msonkhano wa Yalta ndi umodzi mwamisonkhano yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi m'mbiri ya anthu. Zisankho zomwe zidatengedwa zidatsimikizira kuthekera kwa mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko omwe ali ndi maboma osiyanasiyana.
Dongosolo la Yalta lidagwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 ndi 1990 ndikugwa kwa USSR. Pambuyo pake, mayiko ambiri aku Europe adazindikira kusowa kwa mizere yakale, ndikupeza malire atsopano pamapu aku Europe. UN ikupitilizabe ntchito zake, ngakhale nthawi zambiri imatsutsidwa.
Mgwirizano wa Anthu Osamutsidwa
Pamsonkhano wa Yalta, pangano lina lidasainidwa, lomwe ndi lofunikira kwambiri ku Soviet Union - mgwirizano wokhudza kubwezeretsa asitikali ndi anthu wamba omwe amamasulidwa kumadera olamulidwa ndi Nazi.
Zotsatira zake, aku Britain adasamukira ku Moscow ngakhale alendo omwe sanakhalepo ndi pasipoti yaku Soviet. Zotsatira zake, kukakamizidwa kukakamizidwa kwa Cossacks kunachitika. Mgwirizanowu wakhudza miyoyo ya anthu opitilira 2.5 miliyoni.
Chithunzi cha msonkhano wa Yalta
