Stephen Edwin King (wobadwa 1947) ndi wolemba waku America akugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zowopsa, ofufuza, zopeka, zinsinsi, ndi epistolary prose; adalandira dzina loti "King of Horrors".
Mabuku ake oposa 350 miliyoni agulitsidwa, pomwe makanema ambiri, makanema apawailesi yakanema komanso makanema amajambulidwa.
Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Stephen King, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, nayi mbiri yayifupi ya Stephen King.
Mbiri ya Stephen King
Stephen King adabadwa pa Seputembara 21, 1947 mumzinda waku America ku Portland (Maine). Anakulira m'banja la Captain Merchant Marine a Donald Edward King ndi mkazi wake Nellie Ruth Pillsbury.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Kubadwa kwa Stefano kungatchedwe chozizwitsa chenicheni. Izi ndichifukwa choti madokotala amatsimikizira amayi ake kuti sangakhale ndi ana.
Chifukwa chake Nelly atakwatirana ndi Captain Donald King kachiwiri, banjali lidaganiza zopeza mwana. Zotsatira zake, mu 1945, zaka 2 asanabadwe wolemba wamtsogolo, anali ndi mwana wamwamuna wobadwa, David Victor.
Mu 1947, mtsikanayo adadziwa za mimba yake, zomwe zinali zodabwitsa kwa iye ndi mwamuna wake.
Komabe, kubadwa kwa mwana wamba sikunathandize kuti banja likhale logwirizana. Mutu wa banjali samakonda kupezeka panyumba, kuyendayenda padziko lonse lapansi.
Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha (1939-1945), a Donald adapuma pantchito, ndikupeza ntchito ngati wogulitsa ogulitsa zotsuka.
Moyo wabanja udalemetsa abambo a King, chifukwa chake sanapereke nthawi kwa mkazi ndi ana awo. Nthawi ina, Stephen ali ndi zaka ziwiri zokha, bambo wina adachoka panyumba kukasuta ndudu ndipo pambuyo pake palibe amene adamuwona.
Donald atachoka m'banjamo, amayi ake adauza ana ake aamuna kuti abambo ake adagwidwa ndi a Martians. Komabe, mayiyu adazindikira kuti mwamuna wake adamusiya ndikupita kwa mkazi wina.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Stephen King ndi mchimwene wake adaphunzira za mbiri ya abambo awo m'ma 90 okha. Pambuyo pake, adakwatiranso mkazi waku Brazil, akulera ana 4.
Nelly atasiyidwa yekha, amayenera kugwira ntchito iliyonse kuti athandize Stephen ndi David. Ankagulitsa zinthu zophika buledi komanso ankagwira ntchito yoyeretsa.
Pamodzi ndi ana, mkazi anasamukira ku dziko lina, kuyesera kupeza ntchito yabwino. Zotsatira zake, banja la Kings lidakhazikika ku Maine.
Kusintha kwa nyumba pafupipafupi kumakhudza thanzi la Stephen King. Anadwala chikuku komanso matenda oopsa a pharyngitis, omwe adayambitsa matenda amkhutu.
Ngakhale adakali mwana, Stephen adaboola khutu lake katatu, zomwe zidamupweteka kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, adaphunzira kalasi 1 kwa zaka 2.
Kale pa nthawiyo, a Stephen King anali okonda makanema owopsa. Kuphatikiza apo, amakonda mabuku onena za opambana, kuphatikiza "Hulk", "Spiderman", "Superman", komanso ntchito za Ray Bradbury.
Pambuyo pake wolemba adavomereza kuti adasangalalanso ndi mantha ake komanso "kudzimva kuti samatha kulamulira mphamvu zake."
Chilengedwe
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, King adayamba kulemba ali ndi zaka 7. Poyamba, amangonena zamatsenga zomwe adaziwona papepala.
Popita nthawi, amayi ake adamulimbikitsa kuti alembe kena kake. Zotsatira zake, mnyamatayo adalemba nkhani zazifupi 4 za kalulu. Amayi adayamika mwana wawo wamwamuna pantchito yake ndipo adamulipira kuti amupatse $ 1.
Stephen ali ndi zaka 18, iye ndi mchimwene wake adayamba kufalitsa nkhani - "Dave's Leaf".
Anyamatawa anaberekanso mtumikiyo pogwiritsa ntchito mimeograph - makina osindikizira pazenera, kugulitsa kope lililonse pamasenti 5. Stephen King adalemba nkhani zake zazifupi ndikuwunika makanema, ndipo mchimwene wake adalemba nkhani zakomweko.
Atamaliza sukulu yasekondale, Stephen adapita kukoleji. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti munthawi ya mbiri yake, amafuna kupita ku Vietnam modzipereka kukatenga zinthu zamtsogolo.
Komabe, atakopeka kwambiri ndi amayi ake, mwamunayo adasiya lingaliro ili.
Mofananamo ndi maphunziro ake, King adagwira ntchito kwakanthawi mu fakitale yoluka ndipo adadabwitsidwa modabwitsa ndi kuchuluka kwa makoswe omwe amakhala mnyumbayi. Nthawi zambiri amayenera kuthamangitsa makoswe achiwawa kutali ndi katunduyo.
Mtsogolomu, ziwonetsero zonsezi zidzakhala maziko a nkhani yake "Kusintha kwausiku".
Mu 1966 Stephen adapambana bwino mayeso ake ku University of Maine, posankha Dipatimenti Yolemba Chingerezi. Nthawi yomweyo adaphunzira ku koleji yophunzitsa aphunzitsi.
Amayiwo amatumiza mwana wamwamuna aliyense $ 20 pamwezi kuti aziwononga ndalama mthumba, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda chakudya.
Atamaliza maphunziro awo ku University, King adapitilizabe kulemba, zomwe poyamba sizimamubweretsera ndalama. Pa nthawi imeneyo anali atakwatiwa kale.
Stephen ankagwira ntchito yochapa zovala ndipo amalandila ndalama zochepa polemba nkhani zake m'magazini. Ndipo ngakhale banja linali ndi mavuto azachuma, King adapitiliza kulemba.
Mu 1971, bambo wina anayamba kuphunzitsa Chingerezi pasukulu yakomweko. Nthawi imeneyo mu mbiri yake, adakhumudwa kwambiri kuti ntchito yake sinadziwikebe.
Nthawi ina mkazi wake adapeza mu urn cholembedwa chosamaliza cha buku "Carrie" chomwe adaponyedwa ndi Stephen. Msungwanayo anawerenga mosamala ntchitoyi, pambuyo pake adakopa mwamuna wake kuti amalize.
Pambuyo pazaka zitatu, Doubleday avomera kutumiza bukuli kuti lisindikizidwe, kulipira King ndalama za $ 2,500. Chodabwitsa kwa onse, "Carrie" adadziwika kwambiri, chifukwa chake "Doubleday" idagulitsa maumwini ku nyumba yayikulu yosindikiza "NAL", $ 400,000!
Malinga ndi mgwirizano, a Stephen King adalandira theka la ndalamazi, zomwe adatha kusiya ntchito kusukulu ndikuyamba kulemba ndi mphamvu zatsopano.
Posakhalitsa cholembera wolemba adatuluka buku lachiwiri lopambana "Shining".
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 70, Stephen adayamba kufalitsa dzina loti Richard Bachmann. Olemba mbiri yakale a King amakhulupirira kuti mwanjira imeneyi amafuna kudziwa luso lake ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mabuku ake oyamba sanali otchuka mwangozi.
Buku "Fury" lidasindikizidwa pansi pa chinyengo ichi. Posakhalitsa mlembiyu adzachotsa pamalonda zikadzadziwika kuti bukulo linawerengedwa ndi wakupha wina wazaka zochepa yemwe adawombera anzawo ku Kansas.
Ndipo ngakhale kuti ntchito zina zingapo zidasindikizidwa pansi pa dzina la Bachmann, King adasindikiza kale mabuku otsatira pambuyo pa dzina lake lenileni.
M'zaka za m'ma 80 ndi 90, ntchito zabwino kwambiri za Stefano zidatuluka. Buku lotchedwa The Shooter, lomwe linali buku loyamba pamndandanda wa Dark Tower, lidatchuka kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mu 1982 King adalemba buku lamasamba 300 The Running Man m'masiku 10 okha.
Pakatikati mwa zaka za m'ma 90, mabuku a The Green Mile adawonekera pamashelufu ama mabuku. Wolemba akuvomereza kuti akuwona kuti ntchitoyi ndi imodzi mwazabwino kwambiri mu mbiri yake yolenga.
Mu 1997, Stephen King adasaina mgwirizano ndi Simon & Schuster, womwe udamupatsa mwayi wopitilira $ 8 miliyoni ya The Bag of Bones, ndipo adalonjeza kupatsa wolemba theka la phindu lomwe adagulitsa.
Kutengera ndi ntchito za "King of Horrors", zithunzi zambiri zaluso zidapangidwa. Mu 1998, adalemba script yapa TV yotchuka The X-Files, yomwe imadziwika padziko lonse lapansi.
Mu 1999, a Stephen King adakanthidwa ndi minibus. Anapezeka kuti anali ndi ma fracture ambiri kumiyendo yake yakumanja, kuphatikiza pamutu ndi kuvulala kwamapapu. Madokotala adakwanitsa kupulumutsa mwendo wake mwadongosolo.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, mwamunayo samatha kukhala pansi kwa mphindi zopitilira 40, pambuyo pake ululu wosapiririka udayambika m'chiuno mchiuno.
Nkhaniyi ikhala maziko a gawo lachisanu ndi chiwiri la "The Dark Tower".
Mu 2002, King adalengeza kuti apuma pantchito chifukwa cholemba zowawa zomwe zidamulepheretsa kuyang'ana kwambiri zaluso.
Pambuyo pake, a Stephen adayambanso kulemba. Mu 2004, gawo lomaliza la mndandanda wa Dark Tower lidasindikizidwa, ndipo patatha zaka zingapo buku la The Story of Lizzie lidasindikizidwa.
Mu nthawi ya 2008-2017. King adasindikiza mabuku ambiri, kuphatikiza Duma Key, 11/22/63, Doctor Sleep, Mister Mercedes, Gwendy ndi Her Casket ndi ena. Kuphatikiza apo, mndandanda wa nkhani "Mdima - osati china chilichonse" ndi nkhani zosonkhanitsa "Dzuwa Litalowa" ndi "The Shop of Bad Words" zidasindikizidwa.
Moyo waumwini
Stephen adakumana ndi mkazi wake, Tabitha Spruce, pazaka zamaphunziro ake. Muukwati uwu, anali ndi mwana wamkazi, Naomi, ndi ana amuna awiri, Joseph ndi Owen.
Kwa Mfumu, Tabitha sikuti ndi mkazi chabe, komanso ndi mnzake wokhulupirika komanso mthandizi. Anapulumuka umphawi limodzi naye, nthawi zonse amathandizira mwamuna wake ndikumuthandiza kuthana ndi kukhumudwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, mayiyu adatha kupulumuka nthawi yomwe Stephen adadwala komanso kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti atatulutsa buku la "Tomminokery", wolemba mabuku adavomereza kuti sakumbukira momwe adalemba, chifukwa panthawiyo anali "wovuta" pamankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Pambuyo pake, a King adalandira chithandizo chomwe chidamuthandiza kubwerera kumoyo wakale.
Pamodzi ndi mkazi wake, Stephen ali ndi nyumba zitatu. Kuyambira lero, banjali lili ndi zidzukulu zinayi.
Stephen King tsopano
Wolemba akupitilizabe kulemba mabuku monga kale. Mu 2018 adasindikiza mabuku awiri - "Stranger" ndi "On the Rise". Chaka chotsatira adapereka ntchitoyi "Institute".
A King amatsutsa a Donald Trump. Amasiya ndemanga zoyipa za bilionea pama social network osiyanasiyana.
Mu 2019, a Stephen, limodzi ndi a Robert De Niro, a Laurence Fishburne ndi ojambula ena, adalemba kanema woneneza olamulira aku Russia kuti akuukira demokalase yaku America komanso a Trump akugwirizana ndi Russia.
Chithunzi ndi Stephen King
