Pali mawu odziwika bwino mchilankhulo cha Chirasha, kapena kani, mawu owonekera: "umunthu wotsutsana." Mwachitsanzo, Leo Tolstoy ndi wolemba wamkulu, wokonda zaumunthu komanso wafilosofi. Nthawi yomweyo, chiwerengerocho sichinaphonye siketi imodzi yosauka. Atsikana okhumudwa kwambiri pachabe - ndiye chifukwa chomufotokozera kuti ndi "wotsutsana". Ndiye kuti, zikuwoneka kuti pali chifukwa choyitanira munthu kukhala wosakhulupirika, koma ziyeneretso zina zimaposa kusakhulupirika kumeneku. Ndipo Peter Wamkulu adabatizidwa kuti ndi wotsutsana, ndi Ivan the Grozible, ndi Joseph Stalin. Mwambiri, ngati chikumbumtima sichilola mwachindunji kutchedwa mdani komanso wankhanza, tanthauzo la "umunthu wotsutsana" limagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zomwe zili ndi Purezidenti woyamba wa Russia Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (1931 - 2007) ndizovuta kwambiri. Aliyense amavomereza kuti ndiwotsutsa kwambiri. Vuto limodzi ndiloti pali zabwino zochepa pakati pazotsutsana za Yeltsin. Kumbali inayi, Yeltsin adalembedwa mwamphamvu mu paradigm yapano yandale. Ponyani Boris Nikolayevich pomanga andale amakono aku Russia - zikuwoneka kuti zipilala zonse zamakampani amakono aku Russia ndi anthu omwe adakwanitsa kupeza zokonda zomwe sizinachitikepo kuchokera kwa purezidenti yemwe anali ataledzera kale. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito kwa andale ambiri komanso ojambula. Fuulani "Ndipo mfumuyo ili maliseche!" Ndi ochepa okha omwe adatha, ndipo ngakhale pomwepo ena mwa iwo, monga Alexander Korzhakov, adabwezera Yeltsin chifukwa chamanyazi.
Ambiri mwina, sitingadziwe chomwe chinamuyendetsa Yeltsin m'mbiri ya 1987-1993. M'zaka za zana la 21 zokha pomwe dzikolo lidayamba kuchira pang'onopang'ono pazotsatira zaulamuliro wa purezidenti wawo woyamba. Nazi zina kuchokera pa mbiri ya Boris N. Yeltsin, yosonyeza mayendedwe ake olamulira ndi machitidwe pa Olympus yandale.
1. Abambo a Boris Yeltsin anali munthu wankhanza, mwinanso wopanda nkhanza. Zida zake zankhaninkhani sizinangokwapula ndi lamba, komanso kuyima pakona lowonongedwa usiku wonse. Komabe, kuopsa kwa zilango sikunathandize kwenikweni pamaphunziro.
2. Boris adaphunzira bwino, koma adalandira satifiketi yakumaliza zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kudzera mu dipatimenti yophunzitsa chigawo. Pamwambowu, adayamba kudzudzula m'modzi mwa aphunzitsiwo, zomwe adamutengera kuchiphaso chomwe anali atangopereka kumene.
3. Abambo a Yeltsin adakhala nthawi yokomera anthu aku Soviet Union, koma Boris, akumadzaza mafunso ambiri, sanathe kutchula. Kumene oyang'anira adayang'ana amakhalabe chinsinsi ndipo zimayambitsa kukayikira koipa. Komanso, panali "adani a anthu" osati m'mibadwo ya Yeltsin yekha.
4. Pophunzira ku Sverdlovsk, Yeltsin adathera nthawi yambiri pamasewera, koma nthawi yomweyo sanapemphe chilolezo m'maphunziro ake.
5. Pogwira ntchito yogawa, womanga wamkulu wa USSR adalandira ziphaso za driver, njerwa, woyendetsa crane, ndi zina zambiri, pazapadera za 12. Anaphunzira kuyeserera pagalasi mofananamo ndikupeza ntchito zama kolala abuluu.
6. Mkazi wa Yeltsin Naina adatchedwa Anastasia. Izi zinalembedwa mu satifiketi yakubadwa komanso pasipoti. Komabe, abambo ake nthawi yomweyo adayamba kumutcha Naya, ndipo pang'onopang'ono aliyense adazolowera dzina loti Naina. Mkazi wa Purezidenti wamtsogolo adasintha data yake ya pasipoti m'ma 1960.
7. Mwana wamkazi woyamba atabadwa, Yeltsin adakwiya kwambiri, ndipo mkazi wake adauza madotolo pachipatalapo kuti amuna awo samulola kuti apite kwawo. Atabereka mwana wamkazi wachiwiri, Yeltsin adati: "Sindidzaberekanso!"
Yeltsin ndi ana aakazi
8. Pogwira ntchito ngati director wa nyumba yomanga nyumba, Yeltsin samawonekera panyumba kawirikawiri. Zinafika poti banja litapita kulesitilanti kukakondwerera mphothoyo, oyandikana nawo nyumba momwe a Yeltsins adalandila nyumba adathokoza Naina poti adakwanitsa kupeza mwamuna ndi bambo wa ana ake aakazi.
9. Ana aakazi awiri a Yeltsin ali ndi ana kuchokera kumabanja awo oyamba (mwana wamkazi wa Elena ndi mwana wamwamuna wa Tatyana), "olembedwa" kale ndi amuna awo achiwiri. Mayina a Sergei Fefelov (mwamuna woyamba wa Elena) ndi Vilen Khairullin (chidwi choyamba cha Tatyana) adachotsedwa m'buku la banja.
10. Nyumba yoyamba, yomwe idamangidwa motsogozedwa ndi a Yeltsin kapitawo, ikuyimira lero ku Yekaterinburg. Adilesi yake ndi Griboyedov Street, 22.
11. Yeltsin atayamba kale kugwira ntchito yoyang'anira nyumba yomanga nyumba, nyumba yosanjikizana isanu yomangidwa ndi DSK ya Yeltsin idagwa ku Sverdlovsk. Chilango chachikulu chidatsatidwa - m'malo mwa Lonjezo la Lenin, Yeltsin adalandira Order of the Badge of Honor.
12. Yeltsin adatetezedwa ndi mlembi woyamba wa komiti ya Sverdlovsk ya KPS Yakov Ryabov. Atakokera Yeltsin paudindo wa mlembi woyamba wa komiti yamzinda wa CPSU, Ryabov yekha adakakamizidwa kuti amenyane ndi mwano ndi mwano wa Yeltsin, koma anali atachedwa.
Yakov Ryabov
13. Kukhala mlembi woyamba wa komiti yachigawo, Yeltsin adatchuka kuposa zaka zonsezi, ndikuwonetsa pulogalamu yawayilesi yakanema sabata iliyonse yothana ndi zovuta. Owonerera amatha kuyimba foni mlengalenga, ndipo mlembi woyamba pamalopo adathetsa mavuto pafoni.
14. Pansi pa Yeltsin, njanji yapansi panthaka, zisudzo zingapo, Nyumba Yachinyamata, Nyumba Yaphunziro Ndale ndi nyumba zina zingapo za anthu zidawonekera ku Sverdlovsk. Ndi ku Sverdlovsk pomwe ma MHK oyamba adawonekera - nyumba zokhalamo achinyamata, zomangidwa ndi manja a nzika zamtsogolo munthawi yawo yopuma kuntchito. Tsopano zingawoneke ngati zakutchire, koma m'zaka zimenezo inali imodzi mwanjira zenizeni zopezera nyumba.
Sverdlovsk. Nyumba Yachinyamata
15. Mwa kulamula kwa Yeltsin, nyumba ya Ipatiev idagwetsedwa, mchipinda chapansi pomwe banja lachifumu ndi antchito adawomberedwa. Poyambirira, Borin Nikolayevich adachita lingaliro la Politburo la Central Committee ya CPSU, koma adalandiridwa mu 1975 ndipo mlembi woyamba woyambayo Yakov Krotov adapeza mwayi wosachita izi. Yeltsin, mwachiwonekere, atapeza pepalalo ndi chigamulocho, adagwetsa nyumba yotchuka ija mu 1977.
16. Mu 1985, Yeltsin adayamba kugonjetsa Moscow, adakhala woyamba kukhala department of zomangamanga ku Central Committee, kenako Secretary of the Central Committee. Adalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi Vladimir Dolgikh, Yegor Ligachev ndi Mikhail Gorbachev omwe. Pambuyo pake, onse adavutika kwambiri ndi mkwiyo wa Yeltsin. Ndipo mu December Yeltsin anakhala mlembi woyamba wa Moscow City Committee. Kuchuluka kwakukwera pantchito - malo atatu m'miyezi 8.
17. Pansi pa Yeltsin, masitolo 1,500 adatsegulidwa ku Moscow, malo owonetsera zakudya adawonekera koyamba, ndipo City Day (1987) idakondwerera.
18. Kugwa kwa Yeltsin, komwe kunadzakhala kuyamba, kudayamba pa Okutobala 21, 1987. Adalankhula ku Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU, pambuyo pake adayamba kumukankhira pang'onopang'ono mumthunzi, kuyamba, kumuchotsa pampando wa komiti yayikulu ya Moscow City. Komabe, "zopondereza" izi zidamupangitsa Yeltsin kukhala ngwazi yadziko.
19. Mafunso omwe Yeltsin adachita "mwamanyazi" adasindikizidwanso m'manyuzipepala ndi magazini 140 aku Soviet.
20. Pazisankho zoyambirira za Atsogoleri Aanthu ku USSR, a Boris Yeltsin adalandira mavoti opitilira 90% m'boma la zisankho ku Moscow # 1. Popeza ndale zaku Russia zakhala zikuchitika ndipo zikuchitika mitu yayikulu, pambuyo pa zotulukapo za wotsutsa wamkulu M. Gorbachev ndi amzake, zinali zotheka kale kunyamula ndi kuchoka ku Kremlin. Koma kuwawa kunapitilira kwa chaka chimodzi ndi theka.
21. Banja la a Yeltsin lidalandira kaye ndikusintha kanyumba ka boma m'mudzi wa Gorki-10. Maxim Gorky nthawi ina amakhala mu dacha iyi.
22. Seputembara 9, 1987 Boris Nikolaevich mwina adagwera lumo kapena kuyesa kudzipha. Ndipo pa Seputembara 28, 1989, panali nkhani yonena zakubedwa kwa Yeltsin ndikumuponyera pamlatho m'thumba. Patatha zaka makumi awiri, zochitika ngati izi zimawoneka zopusa komanso zachibwana, koma kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, dziko lonse linali ndi nkhawa za Yeltsin. "Zochenjera za Kremlin ndi KGB," malingaliro ake anali ofanana.
23. Kumapeto kwa Meyi 1990, Yeltsin, atayesa kuvota katatu, adasankhidwa kukhala mutu wa Supreme Soviet ya RSFSR. Patatha milungu iwiri, Declaration of State Emperor of Russia idakhazikitsidwa, ndipo Soviet Union idatsika.
Udindo wa Wapampando wa Supreme Soviet wa RSFSR udangokhala poyambira
24. Yeltsin adakhala Purezidenti wa Russia chaka chimodzi chokha kukhazikitsidwa kwa Declaration of Independence - pa Juni 12, 1991. Adalandira mavoti opitilira 57%. Chaka chotsatira, kuchuluka kwa omwe adathandizira Yeltsin kunatsika kawiri - kusintha kwa Gaidar kudayamba.
25. Pa nthawi yotchedwa coup mu 1991, woyang'anira wamkulu wa Yeltsin, a Alexander Korzhakov, adalimbikira kunena kuti ward yawo ibisala kwa KGB wamphamvu yonse komanso gulu lapadera ku kazembe wa America. Komabe, Yeltsin adalimba mtima ndipo adakana mwamphamvu kuchoka ku White House. Tsopano tikudziwa kuti zolinga za GKChP sizinali zokhetsa magazi, koma m'masiku amenewo panali akasinja m'misewu ya Moscow.
26. Boris Yeltsin anali kujambula pa wailesi lamulo lodziwika bwino la No 1400, lomwe limamupatsa mwayi wofalitsa mwamphamvu a Supreme Soviet, teleprompter adatuluka mu studio. Yeltsin sanachite manyazi ndi izi. Mavuto aumisiri, monga adzalembera pambuyo pake, adamuthandiza kukhazikika.
27. Pa 22 Seputembara 1993, Khothi Loona za Malamulo ku Russia, mwa mavoti 9 kwa 4, lidalengeza kuti Lamulo No 1400 siligwirizana ndi malamulo, ndipo kusaina kwake ndi njira yokwanira kuchotsa Yeltsin pampando wa purezidenti. Chiyambire kufalitsa chigamulochi, zonse zomwe Yeltsin adachita zinali zosaloledwa mwalamulo. Komabe, nyumba yamalamulo idawomberedwa, ndipo pambuyo pake mphamvu ya Yeltsin idakhala pafupifupi kwathunthu.
28. "Operation Zakaat" sichinthu chodetsa nkhawa chanzeru zaku Russia. Chifukwa chake mkulu wa chitetezo cha a Yeltsin, a Alexander Korzhakov, ndi omwe anali pansi pake adayitanitsa zochita kuti athetse vodka ndi madzi ndikubwezeretsanso kukhulupirika kwa nduna yomwe ili botolo lomwe lidapangidwira Yeltsin. Purezidenti adadabwa kuti vodka wamakono ndi woledzera kuposa Soviet.
29. Pa Juni 30, 1995, a Shamil Basayev ndi gulu lawo atagwira chipatala ku Budyonnovsk, a Boris Yeltsin adasiya ntchito ngati purezidenti pamsonkhano wa Security Council. Anzake adamunyengerera kuti akhalebe pantchito.
30. Amakhulupirira kuti mu 1994-1996, Yeltsin adadwala matenda amtima kasanu munthawi yochepa, zomwe zidasokonekera ndi zisankho za 1996. Komabe, wapampando wakale wa Council of Minerals of the USSR Nikolai Ryzhkov adati ziwopsezo ziwiri zamtima zidachitikira Yeltsin ku Sverdlovsk.
31. Kupambana kwa Yeltsin kumapeto kwachiwiri kwa zisankho mu 1996 kunatsimikiziridwa ndi azamisala onama. Yevgeny Kiselyov pa NTV adapereka kujambula kwa misonkhano Yeltsin ndi ogwira ntchito, alimi, achinyamata ndi magawo ena aanthu. Ndipo pamsonkhano wina weniweni (ku Krasnodar), Yeltsin adapemphedwa kuti atule pansi udindo. Komanso, mwachiwonekere kuti amakumbukira zokumana nazo zopambana polankhula ndi gulu, Boris Nikolayevich adafunsa mokweza yemwe adavomera izi. Yankho lake linali monosyllabic: "Chilichonse!" Koma chifukwa cha atolankhani, jakisoni wa ndalama kwa oligarchs ndi zabodza, Yeltsin adapambana 53.8% ya voti.
Yeltsin adawerenga kulumbiranso kwa Purezidenti wa Russia movutikira kwambiri
32. Atapambana zisankho mu 1996, Yeltsin sanatsogolere dzikolo. Mu nthawi zochepa zotsitsimula ku matenda amtima, adawonetsa zizindikilo za matenda a Alzheimer's zomwe zimapangitsa aliyense kukhala wopusa: mwina adapatsa Prime Minister waku Japan zilumba za Kuril, kenako adasanja akapolo aku Sweden, kenako adapempha Boris Nemtsov mfumukazi, kenako adakumba mbatata ndi banja lonse.
33. Panthawi yaulamuliro wake, a Yeltsin adachotsa nduna zisanu, wachiwiri kwa nduna ndi nduna 145.
34. Atasiya ntchito pa Disembala 31, 1999, Yeltsin sananene chilichonse chokhudzana ndi matenda ake, kutsimikizira kuti atula pansi udindo chifukwa cha mavuto andale. Sananene mawu oti "Ndatopa, ndikupita" muwayilesi yake ya Chaka Chatsopano.
35. Boris Yeltsin adamwalira patatha masiku 12 ali ku Central Clinical Hospital chifukwa chofooka kwamtima, komwe kudapangitsa ziwalo zingapo kulephera, pa Epulo 23, 2007. Purezidenti woyamba wa Russia adayikidwa m'manda a Novodevichy. Chipilala chinamangidwa polemekeza Yekaterinburg ndipo nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yayikulu idatsegulidwa, yotchedwa "Yeltsin Center".
