Taj Mahal ndi chizindikiro chodziwika cha chikondi chamuyaya, chifukwa chidapangidwa chifukwa cha mkazi yemwe adagonjetsa mtima wa Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. Mumtaz Mahal anali mkazi wake wachitatu ndipo adamwalira ali ndi mwana wawo wa 14. Kupititsa patsogolo dzina la wokondedwa wake pokumbukira, padishah adapanga ntchito yayikulu yomanga mausoleum. Zomangazi zidatenga zaka 22, koma lero ndi chitsanzo cha mgwirizano muzojambula, ndichifukwa chake alendo ochokera konsekonse padziko lapansi amalakalaka kukaona zodabwitsa zapadziko lapansi.
Taj Mahal ndi mamangidwe ake
Pofuna kumanga mausoleum akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, padishah idalemba anthu opitilira 22,000 ochokera kumadera onse aufumu ndi madera oyandikana nawo. Akatswiri abwino kwambiri adagwira ntchito mzikiti kuti ibweretse ungwiro, ndikuwonetsetsa kufanana kwathunthu malinga ndi malingaliro amfumu. Poyamba, malo omwe amakonzera mandawo anali a Maharaja Jai Singh. Shah Jahan adamupatsa nyumba yachifumu mumzinda wa Agra posinthana ndi gawo lopanda kanthu.
Choyamba, ntchito inkachitika kukonza nthaka. Gawo loposa mahekitala m'deralo lidakumbidwa, dothi lidasinthidwa kuti likhale lolimba mnyumbayo. Maziko adakumba zitsime, zomwe zidadzazidwa ndi miyala yamiyala. Pakumanga, miyala yamiyala yoyera idagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imayenera kunyamulidwa osati kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana mdziko muno, koma ngakhale kumayiko oyandikana nawo. Kuti athetse vutoli ndi mayendedwe, kunali koyenera kupangira matayala, kuti akonze njira yolowera.
Manda ndi nsanja yokhayo zidamangidwa kwa zaka pafupifupi 12, zinthu zina zonsezo zidamangidwa zaka khumi. Kwa zaka zambiri, nyumba zotsatirazi zawonekera:
- miyala;
- mzikiti;
- JavaScript;
- Chipata chachikulu.
Ndi chifukwa cha kutalika kwakanthawi komwe mikangano imabweranso yokhudza zaka zingati Taj Mahal idamangidwa ndipo ndi chaka chiti chomwe chimawerengedwa kuti ndi nthawi yomaliza yomanga chikhazikitso. Ntchito yomanga idayamba mu 1632, ndipo ntchito yonse idamalizidwa ndi 1653, mausoleum omwewo anali atakonzeka kale mu 1643. Koma ziribe kanthu kuti ntchitoyi idatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji, chifukwa chake, kachisi wodabwitsa wokhala ndi mamitala 74 adawonekera ku India, ndipo wazunguliridwa ndi minda yokhala ndi dziwe losangalatsa ndi akasupe ...
Mbali ya zomangamanga za Taj Mahal
Ngakhale kuti nyumbayi ndi yofunika kwambiri malinga ndi chikhalidwe, palibe chidziwitso chodalirika chokhudza yemwe anali wopanga manda. Pogwira ntchitoyi, amisiri aluso anali nawo, bungwe la Council of Architects lidapangidwa, ndipo zisankho zonse zomwe zidapangidwa zidachokera kwa mfumu yokha. M'magwero ambiri, akukhulupilira kuti ntchito yopanga nyumbayi idachokera ku Ustad Ahmad Lahauri. Zowona, pokambirana za funso loti ndani wamanga ngale ya zomangamanga, dzina la Turk Isa Mohammed Efendi nthawi zambiri limatuluka.
Komabe, zilibe kanthu kuti ndani adamanga nyumbayi, chifukwa ndi chizindikiro cha chikondi cha padishah, yemwe adafuna kupanga manda apadera oyenerana ndi mnzake wokhulupirika. Pachifukwa ichi, miyala yamiyala yoyera idasankhidwa ngati chinthucho, kutanthauza kuyera kwa moyo wa Mumtaz Mahal. Makoma amandawa adakongoletsedwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali yojambulidwa pazithunzi zosonyeza kukongola kodabwitsa kwa mkazi wa mfumuyi.
Mitundu ingapo imalumikizana ndi zomangamanga, zomwe zimatha kufotokozedwa kuchokera ku Persia, Islam ndi Central Asia. Ubwino waukulu wamavutowa umawoneka ngati bolodi loyang'ana pansi, minarets 40 mita kutalika, komanso dome lodabwitsa. Chinthu chapadera cha Taj Mahal ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro owoneka bwino. Mwachitsanzo, zolembedwa zochokera mu Korani zolembedwa m'mbali mwa zipilalazo zikuwoneka ngati kukula kofanana m'litali lonse. M'malo mwake, zilembo ndi mtunda pakati pawo pamwamba ndizokulirapo kuposa zapansi, koma munthu woyenda mkati sakuwona kusiyana uku.
Zonenerazo sizimathera pamenepo, chifukwa muyenera kuwonera zokopa nthawi zosiyanasiyana masana. Marble omwe amapangidwako ndi opepuka, kotero zimawoneka zoyera masana, dzuwa likamalowa zimakhala ndi pinki, ndipo usiku pansi pa kuwala kwa mwezi zimapereka siliva.
M'mapangidwe achisilamu, ndizosatheka kuchita popanda zithunzi za maluwa, koma momwe chipilalacho chidapangidwira mwaluso kwambiri. Mukayang'anitsitsa, mutha kuwona miyala yamtengo wapatali ingapo yotalikirapo masentimita angapo. Zambiri zimapezeka mkati ndi kunja, chifukwa mausoleum onse amaganiziridwa ngakhale pang'ono kwambiri.
Kapangidwe kake konse kamakhala kofananira kunja, kotero zina zidangowonjezedwa kuti zioneke bwino. Zamkatimo ndizofananira, koma zili kale pafupi ndi manda a Mumtaz Mahal. Mgwirizanowu umasokonezedwa kokha ndi mwala wamanda wa Shah Jahan yemwe, yemwe adaikidwa pafupi ndi wokondedwa wake atamwalira. Ngakhale kwa alendo zilibe kanthu momwe mawonekedwe ake amawonekera mkati mwa malo, chifukwa adakongoletsa bwino kwambiri mwakuti maso amabalalika, ndipo izi zimaperekedwa kuti chuma chambiri chalandidwa ndi owononga.
Zambiri zosangalatsa za Taj Mahal
Pofuna kumanga Taj Mahal, kunali koyenera kukhazikitsa nkhalango zazikulu, ndipo adaganiza kuti asagwiritse ntchito nsungwi, koma njerwa zolimba. Amisiri omwe adagwira ntchitoyi adati zitha kutenga zaka kuti awononge kapangidwe kake. Shah Jahan adapita mbali ina ndikulengeza kuti aliyense amene akufuna kutenga njerwa zochuluka momwe angathere. Zotsatira zake, nyumbayo idasokonekera ndi okhala mzindawo m'masiku ochepa.
Nkhaniyi imanena kuti pomaliza ntchito yomangayi, mfumuyi idalamula kuturutsa maso ndikudula manja a amisili onse omwe adachita chozizwitsa kuti asathenso kupanga zinthu zofananazo muntchito zina. Ndipo ngakhale m'masiku amenewo ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zoterezi, amakhulupirira kuti iyi ndi nthano chabe, ndipo padishah adangodzipereka kutsimikizira kolemba kuti omangawo sangapange mausoleum ofanana.
Zochititsa chidwi sizimathera pamenepo, chifukwa moyang'anizana ndi Taj Mahal amayenera kukhala manda amodzimodzi olamulira aku India, koma opangidwa ndi mabulosi akuda. Izi zidanenedwa mwachidule m'malemba a mwana wa padishah wamkulu, koma olemba mbiri amakonda kukhulupirira kuti amalankhula za chithunzi cha manda omwe analipo, omwe amawoneka akuda kuchokera padziwe, zomwe zimatsimikiziranso chidwi chamfumu chazinyengo.
Tikupangira kuwona Msikiti wa Sheikh Zayed.
Pali zotsutsana kuti malo osungiramo zinthu zakale atha kugwa chifukwa choti Mtsinje wa Jamna udakhala wosazama pazaka zambiri. Ming'alu idapezeka posachedwa pamakoma, koma izi sizitanthauza kuti chifukwa chagona mumtsinje wokha. Kachisiyu ali mumzinda, momwe umakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe. Mabulosi omwe kale anali oyera ngati chipale chofewa amatenga chikopa chachikaso, motero nthawi zambiri amayenera kutsukidwa ndi dongo loyera.
Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi momwe dzinalo limasulidwira, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti kuchokera ku Persian limatanthauza "nyumba yachifumu yayikulu kwambiri". Komabe, pali lingaliro kuti chinsinsi chagona m'dzina la wosankhidwa wa kalonga waku India. Emperor wamtsogolo adakondana ndi msuweni wake ngakhale asanakwatirane ndipo adamutcha Mumtaz Mahal, ndiye kuti, Kukongoletsa Nyumba Yachifumu, ndipo Taj, amatanthauzanso "korona".
Chidziwitso kwa alendo
Sikoyenera kutchula zomwe mausoleum otchuka ndi otchuka, chifukwa amaphatikizidwa ndi UNESCO World Heritage List, ndipo amatchedwanso New Wonder of the World. Paulendowu, adzanenanso nkhani yachikondi yokhudza yemwe adamulemekeza kachisiyo, komanso afotokozere mwachidule magawo omanga ndikuwulula zinsinsi zomwe mzindawu ulinso wofanana.
Kuti mupite ku Taj Mahal, muyenera adilesi: mumzinda wa Agra, muyenera kupita ku State Highway 62, Tajganj, Uttar Pradesh. Zithunzi m'dera lakachisi ndizololedwa kutengedwa, koma pokhapokha ndi zida wamba, zida zaukadaulo ndizoletsedwa pano. Zoona, alendo ambiri amatenga zithunzi zokongola kunja kwa nyumbayo, muyenera kungodziwa kumene kuli sitimayo, yomwe imawonekera kuchokera pamwambapa. Mapu amzindawu nthawi zambiri amawonetsa komwe ungawone nyumba yachifumuyo ndi mbali yomwe khomo lolowera nyumbayi ndi lotseguka.
