Kodi ndizotheka kupeza malo ena ogwirizana ngati Palace of Versailles ?! Kapangidwe kake kwakunja, chisomo cha mkati ndi malo opaki amapangidwa mofananamo, zovuta zonse zimayenera kuyendetsedwa ndi nthumwi za olemekezeka. Wokaona aliyense adzamva mzimu wanthawi zamfumu, popeza ndikosavuta kuyesera kukhala wolamulira mwankhanza, mmanja mwake dziko lonse, kunyumba yachifumu ndi paki. Palibe chithunzi chimodzi chokhoza kupereka chisomo chowona, chifukwa mita iliyonse yamaguluwa imaganiziridwa ngakhale pang'ono kwambiri.
Mwachidule za Nyumba Yachifumu ya Versailles
Mwinanso, palibe anthu omwe sakudziwa komwe kuli kapangidwe kameneka. Nyumba yachifumu yotchuka ndi kunyada kwa France komanso nyumba yachifumu yodziwika kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ili pafupi ndi Paris ndipo kale inali nyumba yoyimilira yaulere yokhala ndi paki. Ndi kutchuka kwakukula kwa malowa pakati pa olemekezeka ozungulira Versailles, nyumba zambiri zidawonekera momwe omanga, antchito, oyang'anira kumbuyo ndi anthu ena amaloledwa kulowa kukhothi.
Lingaliro lopanga gulu lachifumu linali la a Louis XIV, otchedwa "Sun King". Iye anafufuza mapulani onse ndi zithunzi ndi zojambula, kupanga kusintha kwa iwo. Wolamulirayo adazindikira Nyumba yachifumu ya Versailles ndi chizindikiro cha mphamvu, champhamvu kwambiri komanso chosawonongeka. Ndi mfumu yokhayo yomwe imatha kunena kuchuluka kwathunthu, chifukwa chake chuma ndi chuma zimamvekedwa muzonse zanyumba. Zojambula zake zazikulu zimakhala za 640 metres, ndipo pakiyo imakwirira mahekitala zana.
Classicism, yomwe inali pachimake pa kutchuka m'zaka za zana la 17, idasankhidwa ngati kalembedwe kake. Ambiri mwa akatswiri okonza mapulaniwo adatenga nawo gawo pakupanga ntchitoyi, yomwe idadutsa magawo angapo omanga. Ndi ambuye otchuka okha omwe adagwira ntchito yokongoletsa mkati mwa nyumba yachifumu, kupanga zojambula, ziboliboli ndi zaluso zina zomwe zimakongoletsabe.
Mbiri yomanga nyumba yachifumu yotchuka
Ziri zovuta kunena kuti Nyumba Yachifumu ya Versailles idamangidwa chifukwa ntchito yomanga guluyo idachitika ngakhale mfumu itakhazikika mnyumba yatsopanoyo ndikukhala ndi mipira m'holo zazikulu. Nyumbayi idalandila nyumba yachifumu mu 1682, koma ndi bwino kutchula mbiri yakukhazikitsidwa kwachipilala chachikhalidwe mwadongosolo.
Poyamba, kuyambira 1623, pamalo a Versailles, panali nyumba yachifumu yaying'ono, pomwe mamembala achifumu omwe anali ndi gulu laling'ono anali komwe amasaka m'nkhalango zakomweko. Mu 1632, katundu wa mafumu aku France mchigawo chino adakulitsidwa pogula malo apafupi. Ntchito yaying'ono yomanga idachitika pafupi ndi mudzi wa Versailles, koma kukonzanso padziko lonse lapansi kunayamba kokha pakubwera kwa mphamvu kwa Louis XIV.
The Sun King adakhala wolamulira ku France koyambirira komanso kosatha anakumbukira kuwukira kwa Fronde, komwe kunali chifukwa chomwe malo okhala ku Paris adakumbukitsira Louis. Kuphatikiza apo, pokhala wachinyamata, wolamulira adasilira kukongola kwa nyumba yachifumu ya Nduna ya Zachuma Nicolas Fouquet ndipo adafuna kupanga Nyumba Yachifumu ya Versailles, yopitilira kukongola kwa nyumba zonse zomwe zilipo, kuti pasakhale wina aliyense mdziko muno amene angakayikire chuma cha mfumu. Louis Leveaux adaitanidwa kuti akhale wokonza mapulani, atadzikhazikitsa kale pakukhazikitsa ntchito zina zazikulu.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za Nyumba Yachifumu ya Doge.
Kwa moyo wonse wa Louis XIV, ntchito idachitika pagulu lachifumu. Kuphatikiza pa Louis Leveaux, Charles Lebrun ndi Jules Hardouin-Mansart adagwiranso ntchito zomangamanga; pakiyi ndi minda ndi ya André Le Nôtre. Chuma chachikulu cha Palace of Versailles panthawiyi yomanga ndi Mirror Gallery, momwe zojambula zimasinthasintha ndi magalasi mazana. Komanso muulamuliro wa Sun King, Nyumba Yoyeserera Nkhondo ndi Grand Trianon zidawonekera, ndipo tchalitchi adamangidwa.
Mu 1715, mphamvu idadutsa kwa Louis XV wazaka zisanu, yemwe, pamodzi ndi gulu lake, adabwerera ku Paris ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali sanamangenso Versailles. Munthawi ya ulamuliro wake, Salon ya Hercules idamalizidwa, ndipo Nyumba Zazing'ono za King zidapangidwa. Kuchita bwino kwakukulu panthawiyi ndikumanga kwa Little Trianon ndikumaliza kwa Opera Hall.
Zigawo zachifumu ndi paki zone
Ndizosatheka kufotokoza zowoneka ku Palace of Versailles, chifukwa zonse zomwe zili mgululi ndizogwirizana komanso zokongola kwambiri kotero kuti chilichonse ndichabwino kwambiri. Paulendo, muyenera kupita kumalo otsatirawa:
Pakhomo lolowera kudera lachifumu, pali chipata chopangidwa ndi golide, chokongoletsedwa ndi malaya ndi korona. Bwalo kutsogolo kwa nyumba yachifumuyi lakongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli zomwe zimapezekanso mkati mwa chipinda chachikulu komanso paki yonse. Muthanso kupeza chifanizo cha Kaisara, yemwe chipembedzo chake chimayamikiridwa ndi amisiri aku France.
Tiyeneranso kutchula za Versailles Park chifukwa ndi malo opambana, osangalatsa ndi kusiyanasiyana kwake, kukongola ndi umphumphu. Pali akasupe okongoletsedwa modabwitsa omwe ali ndi makonzedwe anyimbo, minda yamaluwa, malo obiriwira, maiwe osambira. Maluwa amatengedwa m'mabedi achilendo, ndipo zitsamba zimapangidwa chaka chilichonse.
Zigawo zofunikira m'mbiri ya Versailles
Ngakhale Nyumba Yachifumu ya Versailles idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo okhala kwakanthawi kochepa, idagwira gawo lalikulu mdzikolo - m'zaka za zana la 19 idalandira malo osungiramo zinthu zakale, pomwe zojambula zambiri, zithunzi ndi zojambula zidanyamulidwa.
Ndi kugonja mu Nkhondo ya Franco-Prussia, nyumba zokhalamo zidakhala chuma cha Ajeremani. Adasankha Hall of Mirrors kuti adziwonetse okha kuti ndi Ufumu waku Germany mu 1871. Achifalansa adakhumudwitsidwa ndi malo omwe adasankhidwayo, chifukwa chake kugonjetsedwa kwa Germany munkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, Versailles atabwezedwa ku France, mgwirizano wamtendere udasainidwa mchipinda chomwecho.
Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 50 za zana la 20, kwakhala mwambo ku France, malinga ndi momwe atsogoleri onse aboma amayenera kukumana ndi purezidenti ku Versailles. Ndi m'ma 90 okha pomwe adaganiza zosiya mwambowu chifukwa chodziwika bwino ku Versailles Palace pakati pa alendo.
Mfundo zosangalatsa za Nyumba yachifumu ya Versailles
Mafumu akumayiko ena omwe adapita kudera lachifalansa adadabwitsidwa ndi chisomo komanso nyumba zokhalamo zachifumu ndipo nthawi zambiri akabwerera kwawo amayesa kukonzanso nyumba zachifumu zosamangidwa bwino zomangamanga. Zachidziwikire, simudzapeza chilengedwe chofananira kulikonse padziko lapansi, koma nyumba zambiri ku Italy, Austria ndi Germany zili ndi zofanana. Ngakhale nyumba zachifumu ku Peterhof ndi Gatchina zimapangidwanso chimodzimodzi, kubwereka malingaliro angapo.
Amadziwika kuchokera m'mbiri yakale kuti zinali zovuta kwambiri kusunga zinsinsi m'nyumba yachifumu, popeza Louis XIV adakonda kudziwa zomwe zinali m'mabwalo amilandu ake kuti apewe ziwembu komanso kuwukira. Nyumbayi ili ndi zitseko zobisika zambiri komanso njira zobisika, zomwe zimadziwika ndi mfumu yokha komanso omwe amapanga mapulaniwo.
Munthawi ya ulamuliro wa Sun King, pafupifupi zisankho zonse zidapangidwa ku Palace of Versailles, chifukwa andale ndi anthu apafupi a autocrat anali pano nthawi yayitali. Kuti akhale nawo pagululi, munthu amayenera kukhala ku Versailles pafupipafupi ndikupita kumisonkhano yamasiku onse, pomwe Louis nthawi zambiri amapatsa mwayi.
