Audrey Hepburn (dzina lenileni Audrey Kathleen Ruston; 1929-1993) ndi wojambula waku Britain, mafashoni, wovina, wopereka mphatso zachifundo komanso womenyera ufulu wachifundo. Chithunzi chodziwika bwino pamakampani opanga mafilimu komanso mawonekedwe ake, omwe ntchito yawo idakwera kwambiri mu Golden Age ya Hollywood.
American Film Institute idayika Hepburn ngati wojambula wachitatu wamkulu mu kanema waku America.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Audrey Hepburn, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, nayi mbiri yayifupi ya Audrey Kathleen Ruston.
Audrey Hepburn mbiri
Audrey Hepburn adabadwa pa Meyi 4, 1929 mdera la Brussels ku Ixelles. Anakulira m'banja la banki waku Britain a John Victor Ruston-Hepburn ndi Dutch Baroness Ella Van Heemstra. Iye anali mwana yekhayo wa makolo ake.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Ali mwana, Audrey anali wolumikizidwa ndi abambo ake, omwe, mosiyana ndi amayi okhwima komanso opondereza, adadziwika chifukwa cha kukoma mtima kwawo komanso kumvetsetsa kwawo. Tsoka loyamba mu mbiri ya Hepburn lidachitika ali ndi zaka 6, pomwe abambo ake adaganiza zosiya banja.
Pambuyo pake, Hepburn adasamukira ndi amayi ake ku Dutch mzinda wa Arnhem. Ali mwana, adaphunzira kusukulu zapadera komanso amapita ku ballet. Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse (1939-1945) itayamba, msungwanayo adatenga dzina labodza - Edda van Heemstra, monga dzina loti "Chingerezi" panthawiyo limabweretsa ngozi.
Pambuyo pofika ma Allies, moyo wa a Dutch omwe amakhala m'malo okhala a Nazi udakhala wovuta kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira ya 1944, anthu adamva njala komanso analibe mwayi wotenthetsera nyumba zawo. Pali milandu yambiri yodziwika pomwe ena amaundana m'misewu.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, mzindawo unkaphulitsidwa bomba nthawi zonse. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi, Hepburn anali pafupi kutsala pang'ono kufa. Pofuna kuiwala za njala, adagona pabedi ndikuwerenga mabuku. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti msungwanayo adasewera ndi manambala a ballet kuti asamutse ndalama zomwe zidapezedwa kwa zigawenga.
Poyankha, Audrey Hepburn adavomereza kuti ngakhale zili zowopsa nthawi yankhondo, iye ndi amayi ake adayesa kuganiza mwanzeru, nthawi zambiri amakhala osangalala. Komabe, kuchokera ku njala, mwanayo adayamba kuchepa kwa magazi komanso matenda opuma.
Malinga ndi olemba mbiri yakale, kukhumudwa komwe Audrey adakumana nako zaka zotsatira kumatha chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi. Nkhondo itatha, adalowa m'malo osungira anthu wamba. Atamaliza maphunziro awo, Hepburn ndi amayi ake adasamukira ku Amsterdam, komwe adapeza ntchito yaunamwino m'nyumba yankhondo.
Posakhalitsa, Audrey anayamba kuphunzira maphunziro a ballet. Ali ndi zaka 19, mtsikanayo adapita ku London. Apa adayamba kuphunzira kuvina ndi Marie Rampert ndi Vaclav Nijinsky. Chodabwitsa, Nijinsky amadziwika kuti ndi m'modzi mwa ovina kwambiri m'mbiri.
Aphunzitsi anachenjeza Hepburn kuti atha kukwanitsa kuchita bwino kwambiri mu ballet, koma kutalika kwake kwakanthawi (170 cm), kuphatikiza zotsatira zakusowa zakudya m'thupi, sikungamulole kukhala prima ballerina.
Kumvetsera malangizo a alangizi, Audrey anaganiza kulumikiza moyo wake ndi luso sewero. Nthawi yonse ya mbiri yake, amayenera kugwira ntchito iliyonse. Zinthu zasintha pokhapokha kupambana koyamba mu kanema.
Makanema
Hepburn adawonekera pazenera lalikulu mu 1948, momwemo adachita nawo kanema wophunzitsa Dutch ku Seven Lessons. Pambuyo pake, adasewera maudindo angapo m'makanema ojambula. Udindo wake woyamba udamupatsidwa mu 1952 mu kanema "Anthu Achinsinsi", pomwe adasandulika Nora.
Kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi kudagwera Audrey chaka chotsatira pambuyo pa kuwonekera koyambirira kwamasewera achipembedzo "Tchuthi Chachiroma". Ntchitoyi idabweretsa zisudzo wachichepere "Oscar" ndikudziwika pagulu.
Mu 1954, owonera adawona Hepburn mufilimu yachikondi Sabrina. Adalandiranso gawo lofunikira, lomwe adapatsidwa BAFTA mgulu la "Best British Actress". Atakhala m'modzi mwa akatswiri odziwika bwino kwambiri, adayamba kugwira ntchito ndi otsogolera odziwika kwambiri.
Mu 1956, Audrey adasandulika Natasha Rostova mu kanema Nkhondo ndi Mtendere, kutengera buku la Leo Tolstoy. Kenako adatenga nawo gawo pa kujambula kwamasewera Oseketsa Nkhope ndi sewero Nkhani ya Mlezi.
Chithunzi chomaliza chidasankhidwa kukhala Oscar pamasankho 8, ndipo Hepburn adazindikiridwanso kuti ndi wosewera wabwino kwambiri waku Britain. M'zaka za m'ma 60, adasewera m'mafilimu 9, ambiri mwa iwo adapambana mphotho zapamwamba kwambiri zamakanema. Pomwepo, masewera a Audrey nthawi zonse ankalandira ndemanga zambiri zabwino kuchokera kwa otsutsa ndi anthu wamba.
Zojambula zotchuka kwambiri nthawi imeneyo zinali Chakudya cham'mawa ku Tiffany's ndi My Fair Lady. Pambuyo pa 1967, panali zopepuka mu mbiri yolenga ya Hepburn - sanachite pafupifupi zaka 9.
Kubwerera kwa Audrey pazenera lalikulu kunachitika mu 1976, pambuyo pa kuyamba kwa seweroli Robin ndi Marian. Chodabwitsa, ntchitoyi idasankhidwa mu 2002 AFI's 100 Passionate American Films mu mphotho ya Zaka 100.
Patatha zaka zitatu, Hepburn adatenga nawo gawo pa kujambula kwa chisangalalo cha "Blood Connection", chomwe chinali ndi malire azaka. M'zaka za m'ma 80 adawonekera m'mafilimu atatu, omaliza omwe anali Nthawi Zonse (1989). Ndi bajeti ya $ 29.5 miliyoni, kanemayo adawononga $ 74 miliyoni ku box office!
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti udindo wa Audrey Hepburn lero ndi m'modzi mwa anthu 15 omwe adapambana mphotho za Oscar, Emmy, Grammy ndi Tony.
Moyo wapagulu
Atachoka ku cinema yayikulu, wojambulayo adalandira udindo wa kazembe wapadera wa UNICEF - bungwe lapadziko lonse lapansi logwira ntchito motsogozedwa ndi United Nations. Tisaiwale kuti adayamba kugwira ntchito ndi bungweli m'ma 50s.
Panthawi imeneyi mu mbiri yake, Hepburn adatenga nawo gawo pamawayilesi. Wothokoza kwambiri chifukwa cha chipulumutso chake atalandira chipani cha Nazi, adadzipereka kukonza miyoyo ya ana omwe akukhala m'maiko apadziko lonse lapansi.
Kudziwa kwa zilankhulo zingapo kwa Audrey kudamuthandiza kugwira ntchito yomwe adapatsidwa: French, English, Spanish, Italian and Dutch. Ponseponse, wapita kumayiko opitilira 20 osauka kwambiri, kuthandiza osauka ndi ovutika.
Hepburn watsogolera mapulogalamu angapo othandizira ndi othandizira okhudzana ndi chakudya komanso katemera wambiri.
Ulendo womaliza wa Audrey unachitikira ku Somalia - miyezi 4 asanamwalire. Adatcha ulendowu "woopsa". Pofunsa mafunso, mayiyo anati: “Ndinayamba kutulo. Ndawonapo njala ku Ethiopia ndi Bangladesh, koma sindinawone zotere - zoyipa kwambiri kuposa momwe ndimaganizira. Sindinali wokonzeka kuchita izi. "
Moyo waumwini
Pa kujambula kwa "Sabrina" pakati pa Hepburn ndi William Holden adayamba chibwenzi. Ngakhale wojambulayo anali wokwatira, kubera m'banja lake zimawoneka ngati zabwinobwino.
Nthawi yomweyo, kuti adziteteze ku kubadwa kwa ana kosafunikira, William adaganiza zopanga vasectomy - yolera yotseketsa, chifukwa chake mwamuna amasungabe zachiwerewere, koma sangakhale ndi ana. Pamene Audrey, yemwe adalota za ana, atazindikira izi, nthawi yomweyo adathetsa chibwenzi naye.
Anakumana ndi mwamuna wake wamtsogolo, director Mel Ferrera kumalo owonetsera. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti kwa Mel uwu unali kale ukwati wachinayi. Awiriwo adakhala limodzi zaka pafupifupi 14, atasiyana mu 1968. Mgwirizanowu, banjali lidakhala ndi mwana wamwamuna, Sean.
Hepburn adasudzulidwa ndi mwamuna wake, chifukwa chake adakakamizidwa kupita kuchipatala kwa Andrea Dotti. Kudziwana bwino, adotolo ndi wodwalayo adakumana. Zotsatira zake, kukondana kumeneku kudatha muukwati.
Pasanapite nthawi, Audrey ndi Andrea anali ndi mwana wamwamuna, Luke. Poyamba, zonse zidayenda bwino, koma pambuyo pake ubale wawo udasokonekera. Dotty adabera mkazi wake mobwerezabwereza, zomwe zidasiyanitsa okwatirana ndipo, chifukwa chake, zidabweretsa chisudzulo.
Mayiyo adakondananso ali ndi zaka 50. Wokondedwa wake anali wojambula Robert Walders, yemwe anali wocheperako zaka 7 kuposa Audrey. Anakhala m'banja lamilandu mpaka Hepburn amwalira.
Imfa
Kugwira ntchito ku UNICEF kunali kotopetsa kwambiri kwa Audrey. Kuyenda kosatha kunawononga thanzi lake. Paulendo wake womaliza ku Somalia, adayamba kumva kuwawa m'mimba. Madotolo adamulangiza kuti achoke mu mishoni ndikutembenukira mwachangu ku zounikira ku Europe, koma iye adakana.
Hepburn adachita mayeso oyenerera atafika kunyumba. Madotolo adazindikira kuti ali ndi chotupa m'matumbo mwake, chifukwa chake adamuchita opareshoni. Komabe, pambuyo pa masabata atatu, wojambulayo adayambanso kumva kupweteka kosaneneka.
Kunapezeka kuti chotupacho chinayambitsa mapangidwe a metastases. Audrey anachenjezedwa kuti sadzakhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali. Zotsatira zake, adapita ku Switzerland, mumzinda wa Toloshenaz, popeza madotolo sanathe kumuthandiza.
Anakhala masiku omaliza atazingidwa ndi ana komanso mwamuna wake wokondedwa. Audrey Hepburn anamwalira pa Januware 20, 1993 ali ndi zaka 63.
Chithunzi ndi Audrey Hepburn
