Harry Houdini (dzina lenileni Eric Weiss; 1874-1926) ndi wachinyengo waku America, wopereka mphatso zachifundo komanso wochita zisudzo. Adakhala wotchuka povumbula onyenga ndi zanzeru zina populumuka ndikumasula.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Houdini, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, nayi mbiri yayifupi ya Harry Houdini.
Mbiri ya Houdini
Eric Weiss (Harry Houdini) adabadwa pa Marichi 24, 1874 ku Budapest (Austria-Hungary). Adakulira ndikuleredwa m'banja lachiyuda lodzipereka la Meer Samuel Weiss ndi Cecilia Steiner. Kuphatikiza pa Eric, makolo ake anali ndi ana akazi ena asanu ndi mmodzi ndi ana amuna.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Pomwe wazamtsogolo anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 4, iye ndi makolo ake adasamukira ku America, ndikukhazikika ku Appleton (Wisconsin). Apa mutu wabanja adakwezedwa kukhala rabi wamasunagoge a Reform.
Ngakhale ali mwana, Houdini ankakonda zamatsenga, nthawi zambiri amapita kumaseŵera ndi zochitika zina zofananira. Gulu la Jack Hefler litayendera tawuni yawo, chifukwa chake abwenzi adalimbikitsa mnyamatayo kuti amusonyeze luso lawo.
Jack adayang'ana modabwitsa manambala a Harry, koma chidwi chake chenicheni chidawonekera atawona chinyengo chopangidwa ndi mwana. Atapachikika pansi, Houdini adatola singano pansi pogwiritsa ntchito nsidze ndi zikope zake. Hefler adayamika wamatsenga wamng'onoyo ndikumufunira zabwino.
Harry ali ndi zaka 13, adasamukira ku New York ndi banja lake. Apa adawonetsa makhadi m'malo azosangalatsa, komanso adabwera ndi manambala ogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Posakhalitsa Houdini, pamodzi ndi mchimwene wake, adayamba kuchita ziwonetsero ndi ziwonetsero zazing'ono. Chaka chilichonse pulogalamu yawo imakhala yovuta kwambiri komanso yosangalatsa. Mnyamatayo adawona kuti omvera amakonda kwambiri manambala omwe ojambulawo adamasulidwa m'matangadza ndi maloko.
Kuti amvetsetse bwino ntchito yomanga maloko, Harry Houdini adapeza ntchito yophunzitsira m'sitolo yogulitsa zovala. Atakwanitsa kupanga kiyi wapamwamba kuchokera pachingwe chomwe chimatsegula maloko, adazindikira kuti pamsonkhanowu sangaphunzirenso zina.
Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, Harry sanangowongoletsa luso lake pamaukadaulo, komanso adalabadira kwambiri kuthupi. Adachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, adayamba kusinthasintha ndipo adaphunzitsidwa kupuma nthawi yayitali.
Matsenga amatsenga
Pomwe wonyenga anali wazaka 16, adakumana ndi "Zikumbutso za Robert Goodin, Kazembe, Wolemba ndi Wamatsenga, Wolemba Mwiniwake." Pambuyo powerenga bukuli, mnyamatayo adaganiza zotenga dzina lachinyengo polemekeza wolemba wake. Nthawi yomweyo, adatenga dzina loti "Harry" polemekeza wamatsenga wotchuka Harry Kellar.
Atakumana ndi mavuto azachuma, mnyamatayo adafika ku imodzi mwa nyuzipepala, komwe adalonjeza kuwulula chinsinsi cha nkhani iliyonse ya $ 20. Komabe, mkonzi anati sakufunikira ntchito zoterezi. Zomwezo zidachitikanso m'mabuku ena.
Zotsatira zake, Houdini adazindikira kuti atolankhani safuna kufotokozera zachinyengo, koma zomvera. Adayamba kuwonetsa zochitika "zauzimu" zosiyanasiyana: kudziwombolera ku zovuta, kuyenda pamakhoma a njerwa, komanso kutuluka pansi pamtsinje ataponyedwamo, womangidwa ndi mpira wamakilogalamu 30.
Atadziwika kwambiri, Harry adapita ku Europe. Mu 1900, adadabwitsa omvera ndi Kusowa kwa Njovu, momwe nyama yophimbidwa ndi chinsalu idasowa atangothothola nsalu. Kuphatikiza apo, adawonetsa zanzeru zambiri zakumasulidwa.
Houdini anali atamangidwa ndi zingwe, atamangidwa maunyolo ndipo atsekeredwa m'mabokosi, koma nthawi iliyonse ankathawa mozizwitsa. Anapulumukanso m'ndende zenizeni kangapo.
Mwachitsanzo, mu 1908 ku Russia, Harry Houdini adawonetsa kumasulidwa ku ndende ya Butyrka ndi Peter ndi Paul Fortress. Anasonyezanso manambala ofanana nawo kundende zaku America.
Pamene Houdini amakula, zidayamba kukhala zovuta kulingalira zanzeru zake zabwino, pachifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amapita kuzipatala. Mu 1910 adawonetsa nambala yatsopano kuti amasulidwe mkamwa mwa mfuti patatsala pang'ono volley.
Munthawi imeneyi, a Harry Houdini adachita chidwi ndi ndege. Izi zidamupangitsa kuti agule biplane. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti wonamizira anali woyamba kuwuluka ndege yoyamba ku Australia m'mbiri.
Atadziwika kwambiri, Houdini ankadziwa anthu ambiri otchuka, kuphatikiza Purezidenti wa US Theodore Roosevelt. Mantha otha moyo wawo mu umphawi, monga zidachitikira ndi abambo ake, adamuzunza kulikonse.
Pankhaniyi, Harry amalingalira ndalama iliyonse, koma sanali wamanyazi. M'malo mwake, adapereka ndalama zambiri kugula mabuku ndi zojambula, kuthandiza okalamba, kupereka zachifundo kwa opemphapempha agolide, komanso kutenga nawo mbali pamakonsati othandizira.
M'chilimwe cha 1923, Harry Houdini adadzozedwa kukhala Freemason, ndikukhala Master Freemason chaka chomwecho. Anali ndi nkhawa yayikulu kuti potengera zamizimu zotchuka nthawi imeneyo, amatsenga ambiri adayamba kubisa kuchuluka kwawo ndi mawonekedwe olumikizana ndi mizimu.
Pankhaniyi, Houdini nthawi zambiri amapita kumisonkhano incognito, kuwulula onyenga.
Moyo waumwini
Mwamunayo anali wokwatiwa ndi mtsikana wotchedwa Bess. Ukwati uwu udakhala wolimba kwambiri. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti m'moyo wawo wonse limodzi, okwatirana amangolankhulana ngati - "Akazi a Houdini" ndi "A Houdini".
Ndipo, nthawi zina panali kusagwirizana pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti Bess anali ndi chipembedzo china, chomwe nthawi zina chimayambitsa mikangano yabanja. Kuti apulumutse banja, Houdini ndi mkazi wake adayamba kutsatira lamulo losavuta - kupewa mikangano.
Zinthu zitakula, Harry adakweza nsidze yake yakumanja katatu. Chizindikirochi chimatanthauza kuti mayiyu ayenera kutseka nthawi yomweyo. Onse atakhazikika, adathetsa mkanganowo modekha.
Bess analinso ndi chizindikiro chake chokhudza mkwiyo wake. Atamuwona, Houdini adachoka panyumba ndikuyenda mozungulira nthawi 4. Pambuyo pake, adaponya chipewacho mnyumbamo ndipo ngati mkazi wake sanachiponyenso, chinayankhula za mgwirizano.
Imfa
Zolemba za Houdini zidaphatikizapo Iron Press, pomwe adawonetsa kulimba kwa atolankhani ake omwe amatha kupirira zovuta zilizonse. Nthawi ina, ophunzira atatu adalowa m'chipinda chake chovekera, akufuna kudziwa ngati angapirire chilichonse.
Harry atathedwa nzeru, adagwedezera mutu. Nthawi yomweyo m'modzi mwa ophunzirawo, katswiri wankhonya ku koleji, adamumenya m'mimba kawiri kapena katatu. Wamatsenga nthawi yomweyo adayimitsa mnyamatayo ponena kuti ayenera kukonzekera.
Pambuyo pake, womenyayo adamenyanso nkhonya zingapo, zomwe Houdini amakhala wolimba monga nthawi zonse. Komabe, zikwapu zoyambirira zidamupha. Adatsogolera kuphulika kwa zowonjezera, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti peritonitis. Pambuyo pake, mwamunayo adakhala masiku ena ambiri, ngakhale madotolo adaneneratu kuti adzafa msanga.
Wamkulu Harry Houdini adamwalira pa Okutobala 31, 1926 ali ndi zaka 52. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti wophunzira yemwe adamenya nkhonya sanakhale ndi mlandu uliwonse pazomwe amachita.
Zithunzi za Houdini
