Valentin Savvich Pikul (1928-1990) - Wolemba Soviet, wolemba prose, wolemba mabuku ambiri azopeka pamitu yakale komanso yankhondo.
Pa nthawi ya moyo wa wolemba, makope ake onse anali pafupifupi makope 20 miliyoni. Kuyambira lero, kufalitsa kwathunthu kwa ntchito zake kumapitilira makope theka la biliyoni.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Pikul, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yayifupi ya Valentin Pikul.
Wambiri Pikul
Valentin Pikul anabadwa pa July 13, 1928 ku Leningrad. Anakulira m'banja losavuta lomwe silikugwirizana ndi zolemba.
Bambo ake, Savva Mikhailovich, ankagwira ntchito monga injiniya wamkulu pomanga sitimayo. Adasowa pankhondo ya Stalingrad. Mayi ake, Maria Konstantinovna, anachokera kwa osauka a m'dera Pskov.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Hafu yoyamba yaubwana wolemba wamtsogolo idadutsa m'malo abwino. Komabe, zonse zidasintha ndikuyamba kwa Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). Chaka chimodzi nkhondo isanayambe, Pikul ndi makolo ake anasamukira ku Molotovsk, kumene bambo ake ankagwira ntchito.
Apa Valentin adamaliza kalasi la 5, nthawi yomweyo ndikupita ku bwalo la "Wachinyamata wachinyamata". M'chaka cha 1941, mnyamatayo ndi amayi ake adapita kutchuthi kwa agogo ake aakazi, omwe amakhala ku Leningrad. Chifukwa chakubuka kwa nkhondo, sanathe kubwerera kwawo.
Zotsatira zake, Valentin Pikul ndi amayi ake adapulumuka m'nyengo yozizira yoyamba mu mzinda wa Leningrad. Ndi nthawi, mutu wa banja anali commissar battalion mu White Sea Fleet.
Pa blockade wa Leningrad, anthu am'deralo adakumana ndi zovuta zambiri. Mzindawo unali kusowa chakudya, chifukwa anthu anali ndi njala ndi matenda.
Pasanapite nthawi, Valentin anayamba kudwala matenda a m'mimba. Kuphatikiza apo, adayamba kudwala matenda osowa zakudya m'thupi. Mnyamatayo akanatha kumwalira ngati sanapulumutsidwe ku Arkhangelsk, komwe a Pikul Sr. Wachinyamata, pamodzi ndi amayi ake, adatha kuchoka ku Leningrad pamsewu wotchuka wa "Road of Life".
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kuyambira Seputembara 12, 1941 mpaka Marichi 1943, "The Road of Life" inali njira yokhayo yonyamula anthu yodutsa Nyanja ya Ladoga (chilimwe - ndimadzi, nthawi yozizira - ndi ayezi), yolumikiza Leningrad ndi boma.
Posafuna kukhala kumbuyo, Pikul wazaka 14 adathawa ku Arkhangelsk kupita ku Solovki kuti akaphunzire kusukulu ya Jung. Mu 1943 adamaliza maphunziro ake, atalandira zapadera - "helmsman-signalman". Pambuyo pake anatumizidwa kwa wowononga Grozny wa Northern Fleet.
Valentin Savvich wadutsa nkhondo yonse, pambuyo pake adalowa sukulu yapamadzi. Komabe, posakhalitsa adathamangitsidwa kusukulu yophunzitsa ndi mawu oti "chifukwa chosadziwa."
Mabuku
Wambiri ya Valentin Pikul adayamba mwanjira yoti maphunziro ake osakwanira adangolekezera pasukulu zisanu zokha. Mu zaka zapambuyo pa nkhondo, adayamba kuchita nawo maphunziro aukadaulo, kuthera nthawi yochuluka akuwerenga mabuku.
Ali mwana, Pikul adatsogolera gulu lankhondo, pambuyo pake anali wamkulu wa dipatimenti yozimitsa moto. Kenako analowa bwalo zolembalemba Vera Ketlinskaya monga omvera ufulu. Ndi nthawi, anali atalemba kale ntchito zingapo.
Valentin sanakhutire ndi mabuku ake awiri oyamba, chifukwa chake anakana kuwapatsa kuti asindikize. Ndipo ntchito yachitatu yokha, yotchedwa "Ocean Patrol" (1954), ndi yomwe idatumizidwa kwa mkonzi. Pambuyo polemba bukuli, Pikul adalandiridwa ku Union of Writers of the USSR.
Munthawi imeneyi, mwamunayo adacheza ndi olemba Viktor Kurochkin ndi Viktor Konetsky. Amawonekera palimodzi paliponse, ndichifukwa chake anzawo amawatcha "The Musketeers Atatu".
Chaka chilichonse Valentin Pikul anali ndi chidwi chowonjezeka m'zochitika zakale, zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti alembe mabuku atsopano. Mu 1961, buku la "Bayazet" lidasindikizidwa kuchokera mu cholembera cha wolemba, chomwe chimafotokoza za kuzingidwa kwa linga la dzina lomwelo pankhondo ya Russia-Turkey.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti inali ntchito iyi yomwe Valentin Savvich adaganizira koyambira kwa mbiri yake yolemba. M'zaka zotsatira, ntchito zina zambiri za wolemba zidasindikizidwa, zomwe zina zotchuka kwambiri zinali "Moonzund" ndi "Cholembera ndi Lupanga".
Mu 1979, Pikul adalemba nkhani yake yotchuka yotchedwa "Unclean Power", yomwe idadzetsa phokoso pakati pa anthu. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti bukuli lidasindikizidwa kwathunthu zaka 10 zokha pambuyo pake. Adanenanso za mkulu wotchuka Grigory Rasputin komanso ubale wake ndi banja lachifumu.
Otsutsa olemba anzawo adadzudzula wolemba kuti sananene zabwinodi zamakhalidwe ndi zizolowezi za Nicholas II, mkazi wake Anna Fedorovna, komanso oyimira atsogoleri achipembedzo. Amzanga a Valentin Pikul adati chifukwa cha bukuli wolemba adamenyedwa, ndipo motsogozedwa ndi Suslov, kuyang'anira kwachinsinsi kunakhazikitsidwa.
M'zaka za m'ma 80 Valentin Savvich adafalitsa mabuku "Favorite", "Ndili ndi ulemu", "Cruiser" ndi ntchito zina. Zonse pamodzi, adalemba ntchito zazikulu zoposa 30 komanso nkhani zazing'ono zambiri. Malinga ndi mkazi wake, amatha kulemba mabuku kwa masiku angapo.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti kwa ngwazi iliyonse yolemba mabuku, Pikul adakhazikitsa khadi yapadera momwe adalembamo zofunikira za mbiri yake.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti anali ndi makhadi pafupifupi 100,000, ndipo mulaibulale yake munali zolemba zakale zoposa 10,000!
Atatsala pang'ono kumwalira, Valentin Pikul adati asanafotokoze za mbiri yakale kapena chochitika chilichonse, adagwiritsa ntchito magwero osachepera 5 osiyanasiyana.
Moyo waumwini
Mkazi woyamba wa Valentin wazaka 17 anali Zoya Chudakova, yemwe adakhala naye zaka zingapo. Achinyamata adalembetsa ubalewo chifukwa cha pakati pa mtsikanayo. Mgwirizanowu, banjali linali ndi mwana wamkazi, Irina.
Mu 1956, Pikul anayamba kusamalira Veronica Feliksovna Chugunova, amene anali wamkulu kuposa iye zaka 10. Mkazi anali wolimba komanso wopondereza, yemwe amatchedwa Iron Felix. Patatha zaka ziwiri, okondawo adakwatirana, pambuyo pake Veronica adakhala mnzake wodalirika wa mwamuna wake.
Mkazi anathetsa mavuto onse a tsiku ndi tsiku, akuchita zonse zotheka kuti Valentin asasokonezedwe ndikulemba. Pambuyo pake banja linasamukira ku Riga, ndikukhazikika m'nyumba yazipinda 2. Pali mtundu womwe wolemba wolemba adapeza nyumba yosiyana pokhala wokhulupirika ku boma lomwe lilipo.
Pambuyo pa imfa ya Chugunova mu 1980, Pikul adapempha wogwira ntchito ku library wotchedwa Antonina. Kwa mayi yemwe anali kale ndi ana akulu awiri, izi zinali zodabwitsa kwambiri.
Antonina adanena kuti akufuna kufunsa ana. Valentine adayankha kuti amutengera kunyumba ndikumudikirira komweko kwa theka la ola. Akapanda kutuluka panja, apitanso kwawo. Zotsatira zake, ana sanatsutse ukwati wa amayi, chifukwa cha zomwe okondanawo adalembetsa ubale wawo.
Wolemba adakhala ndi mkazi wake wachitatu mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake. Antonina anali wolemba mbiri wamkulu wa Pikul. Mabuku onena za mwamuna wake, wamasiyeyu adamulowetsa ku Writers 'Union of Russia.
Imfa
Valentin Savvich Pikul adamwalira pa Julayi 16, 1990 ali ndi vuto la mtima ali ndi zaka 62. Iye anaikidwa m'manda ku Riga Forest Cemetery. Patatha zaka zitatu, adapatsidwa mphoto atamwalira. M. A. Sholokhov wa buku "Mphamvu Zosayera".
Zithunzi za Pikul