Zambiri Zosadziwika Zokhudza Fascist Italy

Ulamuliro wankhanza wa a Mussolini anali ndi mawonekedwe a "socialist". Gawo laboma lidapangidwa ndipo mafakitale angapo ofunikira adasankhidwa.

Malamulo aboma pamitengo, malipiro, komanso magawo azachuma adayambitsidwa. Kugawidwa kwazinthu kumayang'aniridwa - makamaka ndalama ndi zopangira.

Panalibe anti-Semitism pansi pa Mussolini, zankhanza zingapo zandale (kuyambira 1927 mpaka 1943 ku Italy anthu 4596 adazengedwa mlandu pazolemba zandale) ndi ndende zozunzirako anthu (mpaka Seputembara 1943).

Mfundo zosangalatsa za 22 zaku fascist Italy

1. Kuchokera mu 1922 mpaka 1930, chiwerengero cha zipatala ndi zipatala mdzikolo chinawirikiza kanayi.
2. Mu Julayi 1923, Mussolini adaletsa njuga mdzikolo.
3. Ngati mu 1925 Italy idatumiza tirigu wokwana matani 25 miliyoni pamtengo wokwana matani 75 miliyoni, ndiye kuti "Nkhondo Yokolola" idalengezedwa mu Juni 1925, kale mu 1931 Italy ikukwaniritsa zosowa zake zonse, ndipo mu 1933 imakolola 82 matani miliyoni.
4. Mu 1928, "Program of Integrated Land Reclamation" idayambitsidwanso, chifukwa mahekitala opitilira 7,700 zikwi za malo olimapo atsopano adapezeka mzaka 10. Ku Sardinia, mzinda wabwino waulimi wa Mussolinia unamangidwa mu 1930.
5. Kuchepetsa ulova, minda yopitilira 5,000 ndi matauni olima asanu adamangidwa. Pachifukwa ichi, madambo a Pontic pafupi ndi Roma adakokoloka ndikuwomboledwa. Alimi 78,000 ochokera kumadera osauka ku Italy asamutsidwa kumeneko
6. Chochitika china chodziwika chinali kulimbana kwa Mussolini ndi Sicilian Mafia. Cesare Mori adasankhidwa kukhala kazembe wa Palermo ndipo adayamba kumenya nkhondo yosalekeza yolimbana ndi umbanda. Mfuti 43,000 zidalandidwa, mafiosi akuluakulu 400 adamangidwa, ndipo mzaka zitatu zokha (kuyambira 1926 mpaka 1929) anthu pafupifupi 11,000 adamangidwa pachilumbachi chifukwa chokhala mafia. Mu 1930, Mussolini adalengeza chigonjetso chathunthu pa mafia. Zotsalira za mafia ogonjetsedwa adathawira ku United States. Kumene adakumbukiridwa usiku wofika ku Sicily mu Julayi 1943. Kenako aku America adachotsa Lucky Luciano m'ndende, yemwe adathandizira ma mafiya aku Sicilian kupita kwa asitikali aku America. Zomwe, atagwidwa ndi Anglo-America pachilumbachi, thandizo la America ndi chakudya zidadutsa mwa mafia, ndipo Lucky Luciano anali mfulu.
7. Mu 1932, chikondwerero chamakanema padziko lonse chimatsegulidwa ku Venice (mu 1934-1942 mphotho yake yayikulu kwambiri inali Mussolini Cup)
8. Munthawi ya ulamuliro wa Mussolini, timu yaku mpira yaku Italiya idapambana World Cup kawiri. Mu 1934 ndi 1938.
9. Duce adabwera pamasewera ampikisano waku Italiya, ndipo adazika mizu kwa "Lazio" wachiroma, atavala zovala zosavuta, kuyesera kutsindika kuyandikira kwa anthu.
10. Mu 1937, situdiyo yotchuka ya Cinecitta idakhazikitsidwa - situdiyo yayikulu kwambiri komanso yamakono mpaka 1941.
11. Mu 1937, Mussolini adakhazikitsa msewu wam'mbali mwa nyanja wa 1,800 km kuchokera ku Tripoli kupita ku Bardia ku Libya. Mwambiri, ziyenera kudziwika kuti m'malo onse a nthawi imeneyo, aku Italiya adamanga sukulu zamasiku ano, zipatala, misewu ndi milatho, zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka pano ku Libya, Ethiopia ndi Eritrea.
12. Mu Julayi 1939, oyendetsa ndege aku Italiya anali ndi zolemba 33 zapadziko lonse lapansi (USSR panthawiyo inali ndi zolemba 7 zofananira).
13. Malo osungira zachilengedwe oyamba adapangidwa.
14. Mu 1931, njanji yatsopano inamangidwa ku Milan, yomwe imawonedwa ngati likulu lalikulu komanso losavuta kunyamula nkhondo zisanachitike nkhondo ku Europe.
15. Sitediyamu ya Roma ndi bwalo lamasewera lalikulu kwambiri zisanachitike nkhondo padziko lonse lapansi.
16. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, malamulo adalandiridwa ku Italy, malinga ndi zomwe maubwino adalipira pakubereka, umayi, ulesi, ukalamba, inshuwaransi yazaumoyo komanso kuthandizira mabanja ambiri. Sabata yogwira idachepetsedwa kuchoka pa 60 mpaka maola 40. Amayi ndi achichepere ogwira ntchito anali oletsedwa kugwira ntchito usiku. Lingaliro lidalandiridwa pankhani yosunga ukhondo kumabizinesi, inshuwaransi yangozi kuntchito idaloledwa.
17. Apolisi amayenera kuchitira sawatcha amayi apakati. Amuna omwe ndi mitu ya mabanja akulu akhazikitsidwa ndi mwayi wolembedwa ntchito komanso kukwezedwa pantchito.
18. Kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri ya Italy, dzikolo silinafe ndi njala.
19. Ndalama zomwe boma limagwiritsa ntchito zidadulidwa kwambiri. Ntchito ya positi ofesi ndi njanji yasinthidwa (masitima adayamba kuyenda mosadukiza nthawi).
20. Pansi pa Mussolini, milatho yatsopano 400 idamangidwa, kuphatikiza Bridge yotchuka ya Liberta, 4.5 km kutalika, kulumikiza Venice ndi mainland. Makilomita 8,000 amisewu yatsopano adamangidwa. Ngalande yayikulu idamangidwa kuti ipereke madzi kumadera ouma a Apulia.
21. Makampu a chilimwe a 1700 adatsegulidwa ana kumapiri ndi kunyanja.
22. Oyendetsa ndi oyendetsa mwachangu padziko lonse lapansi nawonso anali m'gulu la zombo zaku Italiya.

Alexander Tikhomirov

Onerani kanemayo: Italy Under Fascism ca 1930s (April 2025).