Thor Heyerdahl

Thor Heyerdahl (1914-2002) - Wolemba zakale waku Norway, woyenda komanso wolemba. Wofufuza zachikhalidwe komanso chiyambi cha anthu osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi: Apolinesiya, Amwenye komanso okhala pachilumba cha Easter. Tinayenda maulendo owopsa pofanana ndi mabwato akale.

Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Thor Heyerdahl, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.

Chifukwa chake, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yayifupi ya Heyerdahl.

Mbiri ya Thor Heyerdahl

Thor Heyerdahl adabadwa pa Okutobala 6, 1914 mumzinda waku Larvik ku Norway. Anakulira m'banja la mwiniwake wa kampani yopanga moŵa Thor Heyerdahl ndi mkazi wake Alison, omwe ankagwira ntchito yosungira zakale za anthu.

Ubwana ndi unyamata

Ali mwana, Thor ankadziwa bwino chiphunzitso cha Darwin chakuti zamoyo zinachita kusintha kuchokera ku zinthu zina ndipo anali ndi chidwi ndi maphunziro a zinyama. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti kunyumba kwake adapanga nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, komwe njoka inali chiwonetsero chapakati.

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti mwanayo adawopa madzi, popeza adatsala pang'ono kumira. Heyerdahl adavomereza kuti akadali wachinyamata wina akanamuuza kuti akasambira munyanja pa bwato lanthawi yayitali, amamuwona ngati wamisalayo.

Tour adatha kuthana ndi mantha ake ali ndi zaka 22. Izi zidachitika atagwera mwangozi mumtsinje, pomwe adatha kusambira kupita kumtunda.

Mu 1933, Heyerdahl adapambana bwino mayeso ku yunivesite yayikulu, posankha dipatimenti yachilengedwe. Apa ndipomwe adayamba kuphunzira mozama mbiri ndi zikhalidwe za anthu akale.

Maulendo

Ndikuphunzira kuyunivesite, Tour adakumana ndi Bjorn Krepelin wapaulendo, yemwe adakhala kwakanthawi ku Tahiti. Anali ndi laibulale yayikulu komanso zinthu zambiri zomwe anabweretsa kuchokera ku Polynesia. Chifukwa cha ichi, Heyerdahl adatha kuwerenga mabuku ambiri okhudzana ndi mbiri komanso chikhalidwe cha derali.

Adakali wophunzira, Tour adachita nawo ntchito yomwe cholinga chake chinali kufufuza ndikuchezera zilumba zakutali za Polynesia. Mamembala aulendowu amayenera kudziwa momwe nyama zamakono zidayendera.

Mu 1937, Heyerdahl adayenda ndi mkazi wake wachichepere kuzilumba za Marquesas. Awiriwo adawoloka Nyanja ya Atlantic, adadutsa Canama la Panama ndipo atadutsa Pacific Ocean adafika pagombe la Tahiti.

Apa apaulendo adakhazikika m'nyumba ya mfumu yakomweko, yomwe idawaphunzitsa luso lopulumuka m'chilengedwe. Patatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, okwatiranawo adasamukira ku chilumba cha Fatu Hiva, komwe adakhala pafupifupi chaka chimodzi kutali ndi chitukuko.

Poyamba, sanakayikire kuti akhoza kukhala kuthengo kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma popita nthawi, zilonda zamagazi zinayamba kuonekera m'miyendo ya okwatiranawo. Mwamwayi, pachilumba chapafupi, adatha kupeza dokotala yemwe adawathandiza.

Zochitika zomwe zidachitika ndi Thor Heyerdahl pazilumba za Marquesas zafotokozedwa m'buku lake loyamba lonena za mbiri yakale "In Search of Paradise", lofalitsidwa mu 1938. Kenako adapita ku Canada kuti akaphunzire za Amwenye achimwenye. Mdziko lino adapezeka ndi Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse (1939-1945).

Heyerdahl anali m'modzi mwa oyamba kudzipereka kutsogolo. Ku Great Britain adaphunzitsidwa kuyendetsa wailesi, pambuyo pake adachita nawo magulu ankhondo polimbana ndi a Nazi. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti adakwera kukhala wamkulu wa lieutenant.

Nkhondo itatha, a Tour adapitilizabe kuchita nawo zinthu zasayansi, ataphunzira zolemba zambiri. Zotsatira zake, adaganiza kuti Polynesia idakhazikika ndi anthu ochokera ku America, osati ochokera ku Southeast Asia, monga amaganizira kale.

Kulimba mtima kwa Heyerdahl kunadzudzula anthu ambiri. Kuti atsimikizire mlandu wake, mnyamatayo adaganiza zopangaulendo. Pamodzi ndi apaulendo 5, adapita ku Peru.

Apa amunawo adamanga raft, ndikuyitcha "Kon-Tiki". Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti amangogwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zimapezeka kwa anthu "akale". Pambuyo pake, adapita kunyanja ya Pacific ndipo atatha masiku 101 akuyenda pachilumba adafika pachilumba cha Tuamotu. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti panthawiyi adayenda pafupifupi ma 8000 km pamakwerero awo!

Chifukwa chake, a Thor Heyerdahl ndi anzawo adatsimikiza kuti poyenda pang'ono, pogwiritsa ntchito Humboldt wapano ndi mphepo, ndikosavuta kuwoloka nyanja ndikufika kuzilumba za Polynesia.

Izi ndizomwe Heyerdahl adanena ndipo makolo a Polynesia adachita, monga tafotokozera m'mipukutu ya omwe adagonjetsa Spain. Anthu aku Norway adalongosola zaulendo wake m'buku "Kon-Tiki", lomwe lidamasuliridwa m'zilankhulo 66 zapadziko lonse lapansi.

Pa mbiri ya 1955-1956. Ulendowu udasanthula chilumba cha Easter. Kumeneko iye, pamodzi ndi akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale, adachita zoyeserera zingapo zokhudzana ndi kukoka ndikuyika zifanizo za moai. Mwamunayo adagawana zotsatira za ntchito yomwe idachitika m'buku "Aku-Aku", lomwe lidagulitsidwa m'makope mamiliyoni.

Mu 1969-1970. Heyerdahl adapanga mabwato awiri agumbwa kuti awoloke Nyanja ya Atlantic. Nthawi ino adafuna kutsimikizira kuti amalinyero akale amatha kuwoloka nyanja zam'mphepete mwa nyanja, pogwiritsa ntchito Canary Current pa izi.

Bwato loyamba, lotchedwa "Ra", lopangidwa kuchokera pazithunzi ndi mitundu yamaboti akale aku Egypt, lidapita kunyanja ya Atlantic kuchokera ku Morocco. Komabe, chifukwa cha zolakwika zingapo zamaluso, "Ra" posakhalitsa adasiyana.

Pambuyo pake, bwato latsopano linamangidwa - "Ra-2", lomwe linali ndi kapangidwe kabwino kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, a Thur Heyerdahl adakwanitsa kufikira gombe la Barbados ndikutsimikizira kuti mawu ake ndiowona.

M'ngululu ya 1978, apaulendo adawotcha ngalawa yamabango ya Tigris kutsutsa nkhondo mdera la Red Sea. Mwanjira imeneyi, Heyerdahl adayesa kutsogolera atsogoleri a UN ndi anthu onse kuti chitukuko chathu chitha kuwotcha ndikupita pansi ngati bwatoli.

Pambuyo pake, wapaulendoyo adayamba kuphunzira za milu yomwe idapezeka ku Maldives. Anapeza kuti anapeza maziko a nyumba zakale, komanso zifanizo za oyendetsa ndevu. Adafotokoza kafukufuku wake mu The Maldives Mystery.

Mu 1991, Thor Heyerdahl adaphunzira mapiramidi a Guimar pachilumba cha Tenerife, ponena kuti analidi mapiramidi osati milu ya zinyalala chabe. Anatinso kuzilumba zakale za Canary zitha kukhala malo pakati pa America ndi Mediterranean.

Kumayambiriro kwa Zakachikwi zatsopano, Tour idapita ku Russia. Anayesa kupeza umboni woti nzika zake zidabwera kudera la Norway lamakono, kuchokera pagombe la Azov. Anafufuza mapu ndi nthano zakale, komanso adachita nawo zofukula zakale.

Heyerdahl sanakayikire kuti mizu yaku Scandinavia imachokera ku Azerbaijan kwamakono, komwe adapitako kangapo. Apa adaphunzira zojambula pamiyala ndikuyesera kupeza zinthu zakale zomwe zimatsimikizira zomwe amakhulupirira.

Moyo waumwini

Mkazi woyamba wa Tour anali a Liv Cusheron-Thorpe, wazachuma, yemwe adakumana naye akadali wophunzira. Muukwatiwu, banjali linali ndi anyamata awiri - Tour ndi Bjorn.

Poyamba, panali chidziwitso pakati pa okwatirana, koma pambuyo pake malingaliro awo adayamba kuzirala. Ubale wa Heyerdahl ndi Yvonne Dedekam-Simonsen udatsogolera ku chisudzulo chomaliza cha Tour ku Liv.

Pambuyo pake, mwamunayo adalembetsa ubale wake ndi Yvonne, yemwe adabereka atsikana atatu - Anette, Marian ndi Helen Elizabeth. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti mkazi wake adatsagana ndi mwamuna wake pamaulendo ambiri. Komabe, mu 1969 ukwati uwu unatha.

Mu 1991, Heyerdahl wazaka 77 adatsikira kanjira kachitatu. Mkazi wake anali Jacqueline Bier wazaka 59, yemwe nthawi ina anali Miss France 1954. Woyenda naye amakhala naye mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake.

Mu 1999, nzika zaku Tour zidamuzindikira kuti ndi Norwegian wotchuka kwambiri mzaka zam'ma 2000. Adalandira mphotho zambiri zosiyanasiyana ndi madigiri 11 apamwamba ku mayunivesite aku America ndi Europe.

Imfa

Thor Heyerdahl adamwalira pa Epulo 18, 2002 ali ndi zaka 87. Chifukwa cha imfa yake chinali chotupa muubongo. Atatsala pang'ono kumwalira, anakana kumwa mankhwala ndi chakudya.