Kodi eugenics ndi chiyani? ndipo cholinga chake sichidziwika kwa anthu onse. Chiphunzitsochi chidawonekera m'zaka za zana la 19, koma chidatchuka kwambiri mzaka zoyambirira za m'ma 1900.
M'nkhaniyi, tiwona zomwe eugenics ndi ntchito yake m'mbiri ya anthu.
Kodi eugenics amatanthauza chiyani
Kumasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigiriki chakale, mawu oti "eugenics" amatanthauza - "wolemekezeka" kapena "wabwino." Chifukwa chake, eugenics ndi chiphunzitso chokhudza kusankha kwa anthu, komanso njira zakusinthira cholowa cha munthu. Cholinga cha chiphunzitsochi ndikulimbana ndi zochitika zakusokonekera m'magazi amunthu.
M'mawu osavuta, eugenics inali yofunikira kupulumutsa anthu ku matenda, zizoloŵezi zoipa, upandu, ndi zina zotero, kuwapatsa makhalidwe othandiza - luso, luso lotha kuganiza, thanzi ndi zinthu zina zofanana.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti eugenics imagawika m'magulu awiri:
- Ma eugenics abwino. Cholinga chake ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe yamtengo wapatali (yothandiza).
- Ma eugenics olakwika. Ntchito yake ndikuwononga anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amisala kapena amthupi, kapena ali m'mitundu "yotsika".
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazi, eugenics inali yotchuka kwambiri ku United States ndi m'maiko osiyanasiyana aku Europe, koma pakufika kwa Anazi, chiphunzitsochi chidakhala ndi tanthauzo loipa.
Monga mukudziwa, mu Ulamuliro Wachitatu, a Nazi adatenthetsa, ndiye kuti, adaphedwa, onse "otsika" - achikominisi, oimira amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, achiyuda, Ayuda, Asilavo ndi anthu odwala matenda amisala. Pachifukwa ichi, pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse (1939-1945), ma eugenics adatsutsidwa kwambiri.
Chaka chilichonse panali otsutsana ambiri a eugenics. Asayansi anena kuti cholowa chamakhalidwe abwino ndi oyipa sichimvetsetsedwa bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nalo amatha kukhala ndi nzeru zambiri komanso kukhala othandiza pagulu.
Mu 2005, mayiko a European Union adasaina Pangano la Biomedicine and Human Rights, lomwe limaletsa:
- Kusala anthu potengera chibadwa chawo;
- sintha matupi athu;
- pangani mazira pazinthu zasayansi.
Zaka 5 msonkhano usanasaina, EU idakhazikitsa lamulo lamalamulo, lomwe limalankhula za kuletsa kwa eugenics. Masiku ano, eugenics yasintha pang'ono kukhala biomedicine ndi genetics.
