Richard Milhouse Nixon (1913-1994) - Purezidenti wa 37th wa United States (1969-1974) wochokera ku Republican Party, Wachiwiri Wachiwiri wa United States (1953-1961). Purezidenti yekhayo waku America kuti atule pansi udindo asanamalize nthawi yake.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Nixon, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, musanakhale ndi mbiri yayifupi ya Richard Nixon.
Mbiri ya Nixon
Richard Nixon adabadwa pa Januware 9, 1913 ku California. Anakulira m'mabanja osauka a Francis Nixon ndi mkazi wake Hannah Milhouse. Anali wachiwiri mwa ana asanu a makolo ake.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
M'banja la Nixon, anyamata onse adatchulidwa ndi mafumu otchuka aku Britain. Mwa njira, Purezidenti wamtsogolo adamupatsa dzina polemekeza Richard the Lionheart, yemwe adachokera ku mzera wa Plantagenet.
Atamaliza maphunziro awo kukoleji, Richard adapitiliza maphunziro ake ku Duke University Law School. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti atamaliza maphunziro, amafuna kukhala wantchito wa FBI, komabe adaganiza zobwerera ku California.
Mu 1937, Nixon adaloledwa kubala. Panthawiyi ya mbiri yake, anali atathetsa mikangano pakati pa makampani amafuta. Chaka chotsatira, katswiri wachinyamata anapatsidwa udindo wa mutu wa nthambi ya kampani yamalamulo mumzinda wa La Habra Heights.
Amayi a Richard anali a Quaker membala wachipulotesitanti. Pambuyo pake, mutu wabanja ndipo, monga chotulukapo chake, ana onse adayamba kukhulupirira izi. Mnyamatayo ali ndi zaka 9, iye ndi banja lake adasamukira ku California mzinda wa Whittier.
Apa Nixon Sr. adatsegula golosale ndi malo amafuta. Richard adapitiliza kupita kusukulu yakomweko, akumalandira mamalikisi ambiri pamachitidwe onse. Atamaliza maphunziro awo mu 1930, adakhala wophunzira ku Whittier College.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti mnyamatayo adapatsidwa mwayi wolowa ku Harvard, koma makolowo analibe ndalama zolipirira maphunziro a mwana wawo. Pofika nthawi imeneyo, mchimwene wake wamng'ono, Arthur, anali atamwalira atadwala kwakanthawi. Mu 1933, tsoka lina lidachitika m'banja la a Nixon - mwana wamwamuna woyamba kubadwa Harold adamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu.
Miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake, Richard Nixon adakwanitsa kutenga nawo gawo pazogawana za kampaniyo ndikukhala membala wathunthu. Kukula kwa ntchito yake kudasokonezedwa ndi Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse (1939-1945). A Japan ataukira Pearl Harbor, adalowa nawo Gulu Lankhondo.
Nixon anali wogwira ntchito yoyang'anira mabasi apansi panthaka ku Pacific Ocean. Kumapeto kwa nkhondo, adakwera kukhala mtsogoleri wa lieutenant.
Ndale
Mu 1946, Richard, atalangizidwa ndi m'modzi mwa atsogoleri aku California Republican, adatenga nawo gawo pazisankho ku Nyumba Yamalamulo. Kumapeto kwa chaka chomwecho, adatha kupeza mpando mnyumba, ndikukhala membala wa Commission of Enquiry on Un-American Activities.
Mu 1950, wandaleyo adalandira udindo wa senema kuchokera ku California, pambuyo pake ndikukakhala likulu la US. Patatha zaka zitatu, adakhala Wachiwiri kwa Prime Minister ku Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Nixon nthawi zonse ankatsagana ndi mtsogoleri wa White House pamisonkhano ndi Congress ndi Cabinet. Nthawi zambiri amalankhula ndi anthu akulengeza malamulo a purezidenti ndi boma. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti nthawi ya mbiri yake 1955-1957. anali akuchita Purezidenti katatu chifukwa cha matenda a Eisenhower.
Mu 1960, pachisankho chomwe chikubwera, Richard adapikisana ndi John F. Kennedy, koma ovota adapereka mavoti ambiri kwa wotsutsana naye. Patatha zaka zingapo, atasiya ntchito ku White House, adabwerera ku California, komwe kwakanthawi anali kuchita ulaliki.
Pambuyo pake, mwamunayo adathamangira kazembe wa California, koma nthawi iyi, nayenso, adalephera. Kenako adaganiza kuti ntchito yake yandale yatha. Pankhaniyi, adalemba ntchito yonena za "Mavuto Asanu", momwe adafotokozera zomwe amachita m'boma la America.
Mu 1968, Richard Nixon adalengeza zakusankhidwa kwake kukhala purezidenti wa United States ndipo pa Ogasiti 7 adatha kupambana opikisana nawo onse, kuphatikiza Ronald Reagan.
Purezidenti Nixon
Ndondomeko zamkati zamtsogoleri wadziko yemwe wangosankhidwa kumene zidakhazikitsidwa ndi mfundo zoyeserera. Adalepheretsa kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu omwe cholinga chake chinali kuthandiza nzika zosowa. Sanalimbikitsenso chitukuko cha ulimi ndikutsutsa kumasulidwa kwa Khothi Lalikulu.
Pansi pa Nixon, kutera kotchuka kwa mwezi waku America kunachitika. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mfundo zakunja kwa dzikolo zidayendetsedwa ndi a Henry Kissinger, omwe ntchito yawo inali kuchotsa United States kunkhondo ya Vietnam.
Richard Nixon adakwanitsa kukonza ubale ndi China. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yaulamuliro wake, lamulo lodana ndi Soviet Union lidayamba. Mu 1970, adatumiza asitikali aku America ku Cambodia, komwe boma latsopano la Lon Nol lidayamba kumenya nkhondo ndi achikomyunizimu.
Zochita zoterezi zidapangitsa kuti pakhale misonkhano yolimbana ndi nkhondo ku United States, chifukwa chake, patadutsa miyezi ingapo, asitikali aku America adachoka ku Cambodia molamulidwa ndi Purezidenti.
M'chaka cha 1972, Nixon adapita ku USSR, komwe adakumana ndi Leonid Brezhnev. Atsogoleri a maulamuliro awiri apamwamba adasaina mgwirizano wa SALT-1, womwe umachepetsa zida zankhondo zamayiko awiriwa. Komanso, Richard zonse kuyendera mayiko osiyanasiyana.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti anali purezidenti woyamba kuyendera zigawo zonse 50 za America. Mu 1972, chipwirikiti cha Watergate chidayamba, chomwe chidatenga pafupifupi zaka ziwiri ndikutha Nixon atasiya ntchito kukhala purezidenti.
Pafupifupi miyezi inayi zisanachitike zisankho, anthu 5 adamangidwa omwe adayika njira yolumikizira ma waya ku likulu la Purezidenti wa Democratic President George McGovern. Likulu lawo linali pamalo a Watergate, zomwe zidapatsa dzina loyenera.
Apolisi adapeza makaseti omwe adalemba zokambirana za andale, komanso zithunzi za zikalata zachinsinsi, kwa anthu omwe adamangidwa. Zoyipa izi zidatchuka padziko lonse lapansi, kuthetseratu mbiri ya ndale ya Richard Nixon.
Ofufuzawo atsimikizira kutengapo gawo kwa mutu wa boma pankhani yokometsa. Zotsatira zake, pa Ogasiti 9, 1974, poopa kuti awapalamula, Nixon adasiya ntchito. Kuyambira lero, iyi ndi nkhani yokhayo m'mbiri ya United States pomwe Purezidenti adasiya ntchito msanga.
Moyo waumwini
Richard ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 25, anayamba kukondana ndi mphunzitsi wina dzina lake Thelma Pat Ryan. Poyamba, mtsikanayo anakana kukumana ndi mnyamatayo chifukwa sanamumvere chisoni.
Komabe, Nixon anali wolimbikira ndipo ankatsata wokondedwa wake kulikonse komwe anali. Zotsatira zake, Thelma adamubwezera mnyamatayo ndipo anavomera kukhala mkazi wake mu 1940. Mu boti ili, banjali linali ndi atsikana awiri - Trishia ndi Julie.
Imfa
Atapuma pantchito, mwamunayo anachita chidwi ndi kulemba. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti chifukwa chakuyipa kwa Watergate, adaletsedwa kuchita nawo zandale komanso zandale. Richard Nixon adamwalira pa Epulo 22, 1994 ali ndi zaka 81 atadwala sitiroko.
Zithunzi za Nixon
