Kliment Efremovich Voroshilov komanso Klim Voroshilov (1881-1969) - Wosintha boma waku Russia, wankhondo waku Soviet, kazembe wamkulu komanso mtsogoleri wachipani, Marshal waku Soviet Union. Kawiri Hero wa Soviet Union.
Wolemba mbiri kutalika kwakanthawi ku Politburo ya Central Committee ya CPSU (b) ndi Presidium ya Central Committee ya CPSU - zaka 34.5.
Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu biography ya Kliment Voroshilov, yomwe tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Voroshilov.
Wambiri Kliment Voroshilov
Kliment Voroshilov adabadwa pa Januware 23 (February 4), 1881 m'mudzi wa Verkhnee (tsopano dera la Lugansk). Iye anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja losauka. Bambo ake, Efrem Andreevich, ankagwira ntchito yothandizira, ndipo amayi ake, Maria Vasilievna, adagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zonyansa.
Wandale wamtsogolo anali mwana wachitatu wa makolo ake. Popeza banja limakhala mu umphawi wadzaoneni, Clement adayamba kugwira ntchito ali mwana. Ali ndi zaka 7 ankagwira ntchito yaubusa.
Patapita zaka zingapo, Voroshilov anapita mgodi monga wokhometsa wa pyrite. Munthawi ya mbiri yake 1893-1895, adaphunzira kusukulu ya zemstvo, komwe adalandira maphunziro ake a pulaimale.
Ali ndi zaka 15, Clement adapeza ntchito ku fakitale yazitsulo. Patatha zaka 7, mnyamatayo anakhala wantchito wa boti sitima sitima mu Lugansk. Pofika nthawiyo, anali atakhala kale membala wa Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, akuwonetsa chidwi ndi ndale.
Mu 1904 Voroshilov adalumikizana ndi a Bolsheviks, ndikukhala membala wa Komiti ya Lugansk Bolshevik. Patapita miyezi ingapo, anapatsidwa udindo wa tcheyamani wa Luhansk Soviet. Anatsogolera kunyanyala kwa ogwira ntchito ku Russia komanso magulu omenyera nkhondo.
Ntchito
M'zaka zotsatira za mbiri yake, Kliment Voroshilov anali kuchita nawo mobisa zochitika, zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti apite kundende ndikutumikira ukapolo.
Nthawi ina akumangidwa, bamboyo adamenyedwa kwambiri ndipo adavulala kwambiri m'mutu. Zotsatira zake, nthawi ndi nthawi ankamva phokoso lachilendo, ndipo kumapeto kwa moyo wake anali wogontha. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ndiye anali ndi dzina labisala "Volodin".
Mu 1906 Clement adakumana ndi Lenin ndi Stalin, ndipo chaka chotsatira adatumizidwa ku ukapolo ku Arkhangelsk. Mu Disembala 1907 adatha kuthawa, koma patatha zaka zingapo adamangidwanso ndikutumizidwa kudera lomwelo.
Mu 1912 Voroshilov anamasulidwa, koma anali akuyang'aniridwa mwachinsinsi. Pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse (1914-1918), adatha kuzemba gulu lankhondo ndikupitilizabe kufalitsa nkhani za Bolshevism.
Pa Revolution ya Okutobala ya 1917, Kliment adasankhidwa kukhala Commissar wa Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee. Pamodzi ndi Felix Dzerzhinsky, adakhazikitsa Commission Yaikulu Yaku Russia (VChK). Pambuyo pake, anapatsidwa udindo wofunika kwambiri wa membala wa Revolutionary Military Council of the First Cavalry Army.
Kuyambira pamenepo, Voroshilov adatchedwa m'modzi mwa anthu ofunikira pa Revolution. Nthawi yomweyo, malinga ndi olemba mbiri yake, analibe talente ya mtsogoleri wankhondo. Komanso, ambiri amasiku amenewo ankanena kuti mwamunayo anali atagonjetsedwa pankhondo zazikulu zonse.
Ngakhale izi, Kliment Efremovich adakwanitsa kuyang'anira dipatimenti yankhondo kwa zaka pafupifupi 15, zomwe palibe m'modzi mwa anzawo omwe akanakhoza kudzitama. Mwachiwonekere, adatha kukwaniritsa izi chifukwa chokhoza kugwira ntchito mu gulu, zomwe zinali zosowa nthawi imeneyo.
Ndizomveka kudziwa kuti m'moyo wake wonse Voroshilov anali ndi malingaliro oyenera kudzidzudzula yekha ndipo sanasiyanitsidwe ndi kutchuka, komwe sikunganene za mamembala achipani chake. Mwina ndichifukwa chake adakopa anthu ndikuwapatsa chidaliro.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1920, woukira boma adatsogolera gulu lankhondo la North Caucasian, kenako la Moscow, ndipo atamwalira Frunze, adatsogolera dipatimenti yonse yankhondo ya USSR. Pa Great Terror, yomwe idayamba mu 1937-1938, Kliment Voroshilov anali m'modzi mwa omwe adaganizira ndikusayina mindandanda ya anthu oponderezedwa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti siginecha ya mtsogoleri wankhondo ili pamndandanda wa 185, malinga ndi momwe anthu opitilira 18,000 adaponderezedwera. Kuphatikiza apo, mwa kulamula kwake, mazana a atsogoleri a Red Army adaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe.
Ndi nthawi, mbiri ya Voroshilov adapatsidwa ulemu wa Marshal wa Soviet Union. Amadziwika ndi kudzipereka kwake kwapadera kwa Stalin, kumachirikiza malingaliro ake onse.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti adakhala wolemba buku "Stalin ndi Red Army", m'masamba omwe adatamanda zonse zomwe mtsogoleri wa Nations adachita.
Nthawi yomweyo, panali kusagwirizana pakati pa Clement Efremovich ndi Joseph Vissarionovich. Mwachitsanzo, ponena za mfundo ku China komanso umunthu wa Leon Trotsky. Ndipo nkhondo itatha ndi Finland mu 1940, pomwe USSR idapambana pamtengo wokwera, Stalin adalamula kuti achotse kwathunthu Voroshilov pantchito ya People's Commissar of Defense ndikumulangiza kuti atsogolere makampani achitetezo.
Pa Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) Clement adadziwonetsa kuti anali wankhondo wolimba mtima komanso wotsimikiza mtima. Iye mwini adatsogolera a Marines kumenyana ndi manja. Komabe, chifukwa chosadziwa zambiri komanso kusowa luso ngati wamkulu, Stalin adasiya kumukhulupirira, yemwe amafunikira kwambiri anthu.
Voroshilov nthawi ndi nthawi anali wodalirika kuti aziyang'anira magulu osiyanasiyana, koma zolemba zonse zidachotsedwa ndikusinthidwa ndi oyang'anira wamkulu, kuphatikiza a Georgy Zhukov. M'dzinja la 1944, pamapeto pake adachotsedwa mu State Defense Committee.
Kumapeto kwa nkhondo, Kliment Efremovich adagwira ntchito ngati tcheyamani wa Allied Control Commission ku Hungary, omwe cholinga chake chinali kuyang'anira ndikuwunika kukhazikitsa kwa mfundo zankhondo.
Pambuyo pake, mwamunayo adakhala wachiwiri kwa wapampando wa USSR Council of Ministers kwa zaka zingapo, kenako adakhala wapampando wa Presidium ya Supreme Soviet.
Moyo waumwini
Voroshilov adakumana ndi mkazi wake, Golda Gorbman, mu 1909 ali ku ukapolo ku Nyrob. Monga Myuda, mtsikanayo adatembenukira ku Orthodoxy ukwati usanachitike, ndikusintha dzina kukhala Catherine. Izi zidakwiyitsa makolo ake, omwe adasiya kulankhulana ndi mwana wawo wamkazi.
Ukwati uwu unakhala wopanda mwana, popeza Golda sakanakhoza kukhala ndi ana. Zotsatira zake, banjali lidatengera mnyamatayo Peter, ndipo atamwalira Mikhail Frunze adatenga ana ake - Timur ndi Tatiana.
Mwa njira, Leonid Nesterenko, pulofesa ku Kharkov Polytechnic Institute, mwana wamwamuna wa mnzake wakale wa Kliment's, amadzitcha mwana wobadwa wa People's Commissar.
Pamodzi, banjali lidakhala mosangalala kwa pafupifupi theka la zaka, mpaka pomwe Golda adamwalira ndi khansa ku 1959. Voroshilov adakumana ndi imfa ya mkazi wake kwambiri. Malinga ndi olemba mbiri yakale, mwamunayo sanakhaleko ndi akazi olakwika, chifukwa ankakonda theka lake lina ndikukomoka.
Wandale ankachita chidwi kwambiri ndi masewera. Anasambira bwino, ankachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndipo ankakonda kusewera. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, Voroshilov anali lendi womaliza wa Kremlin.
Imfa
Chaka chimodzi asanamwalire, mtsogoleri wankhondo adapatsidwanso gawo lachiwiri la Hero of the Soviet Union. Kliment Voroshilov adamwalira pa Disembala 2, 1969 ali ndi zaka 88.
Chithunzi ndi Kliment Voroshilov
