Publiyo (kapena Guy) Cornelius Tacitus (c. 120) - wolemba mbiri yakale wachiroma, m'modzi mwa olemba odziwika bwino akale, wolemba mabuku atatu (Agricola, Germany, Dialogue on Orators) ndi 2 mbiri yakale mbiri (Mbiri ndi Annals).
Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Tacitus, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yayifupi ya Publius Cornelius Tacitus.
Mbiri ya Tacitus
Tsiku lenileni lobadwa kwa Tacitus silikudziwika. Iye anabadwa m'ma 50s. Olemba mbiri yakale ambiri amapereka masiku pakati pa zaka 55 ndi 58.
Malo obadwira a wolemba mbiri amakhalabe osadziwika, koma amakhulupirira kuti anali Narbonne Gaul - amodzi mwa zigawo za Ufumu wa Roma.
Tikudziwa pang'ono za moyo wakale wa Tacitus. Abambo ake amadziwika kuti ndi kazembe Cornelius Tacitus. Wolemba mbiri wamtsogolo adalandira maphunziro abwino.
Amakhulupirira kuti Tacitus adaphunzira zojambulajambula kuchokera ku Quintilian, kenako kwa Mark Apra ndi Julius Secundus. Anatsimikizira kuti anali waluso waluso paunyamata wake, chifukwa chake anali wotchuka kwambiri pagulu. Cha m'ma 70s, ntchito yake idayamba kukula mwachangu.
Young Tacitus adatumikira ngati woweruza milandu, ndipo posakhalitsa adapezeka ku Senate, yomwe idalankhula zakukhulupirira kwa mfumu. Mu 88 adakhala woweruza, ndipo patatha pafupifupi zaka 9 adakwanitsa kukwaniritsa magistracy apamwamba kwambiri a kazembe.
Mbiri
Atafika pamwamba pazandale, Tacitus adawona kupondereza kwa olamulira, komanso kusokonekera kwa asenema. Pambuyo pakuphedwa kwa Emperor Domitian ndikusamutsira mphamvu ku mzera wa Antonine, wolemba mbiriyo adaganiza mwatsatanetsatane, ndipo koposa zonse - zowona, kufotokoza zomwe zachitika mzaka zapitazi.
Tacitus anafufuza mosamala magwero onse omwe angakhalepo, kuyesa kupereka kuwunika koyenera kwa ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana ndi zochitika. Amapewa dala mawu ndi zonena zabodza, posankha kutanthauzira mawuwo momveka bwino.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti poyesa kufotokozera zowona, Tacitus nthawi zambiri ankanena kuti gwero lina lazidziwitso mwina silingafanane ndi zenizeni.
Chifukwa cha luso lake lolemba, kuphunzira mozama za magwero ndikuwulula kwa malingaliro amunthu osiyanasiyana, lero Tacitus nthawi zambiri amatchedwa wolemba mbiri wamkulu wachiroma wa nthawi yake.
Pa moyo wa 97-98. Tacitus adapereka ntchito yotchedwa Agricola, yomwe idaperekedwa ku mbiri ya apongozi ake a Gnei Julius Agricola. Pambuyo pake, adafalitsa kabuku kakang'ono "Germany", pomwe adalongosola za chikhalidwe, chipembedzo ndi moyo wamitundu ya Germany.
Kenako Publius Tacitus adafalitsa buku lalikulu "Mbiri", yoperekedwa kuzochitika za 68-96. Mwazina, idanenanso za zomwe zimatchedwa - "chaka cha mafumu anayi." Chowonadi ndichakuti kuyambira 68 mpaka 69, mafumu 4 adasinthidwa mu Ufumu wa Roma: Galba, Otho, Vitellius ndi Vespasian.
M'nkhaniyi "Dialogue of Orators" Tacitus adauza owerenga za zokambirana za odziwika angapo achiroma, zaluso lake komanso malo ake ocheperako pagulu.
Ntchito yomaliza komanso yayikulu kwambiri ya Publius Cornelius Tacitus ndi Annals, yolembedwa ndi iye mzaka zomaliza za mbiri yake. Ntchitoyi inali ndi mabuku 16, ndipo mwina 18. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ochepera theka la mabukuwa adasungidwa mpaka pano.
Chifukwa chake, Tacitus adatifotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za ulamuliro wa Tiberiyo ndi Nero, omwe ali m'gulu la mafumu odziwika achiroma.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Annals akunena za kuzunzidwa ndi kuphedwa kwa Akhristu oyamba nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Nero - umodzi mwa maumboni oyamba odziyimira pawokha wonena za Yesu Khristu.
Zolemba za Publius Cornelius Tacitus zili ndi maulendo angapo opita kumalo osiyanasiyana, mbiri yakale komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu osiyanasiyana.
Pamodzi ndi olemba mbiri ena, adayitanira anthu ena akunja, omwe anali kutali ndi Aroma otukuka. Nthawi yomweyo wolemba mbiri nthawi zambiri amalankhula za zabwino za anthu akunja.
Tacitus anali wothandizira kuteteza mphamvu ya Roma pa anthu ena. Ali ku Senate, adathandizira ndalama zomwe zimalankhula zakufunika kosungitsa bata m'maboma. Komabe, adati mabwanamkubwa azigawo sayenera kukondera omwe amawayang'anira.
Ndemanga Pazandale
Tacitus adazindikira mitundu itatu yayikulu yaboma: monarchy, aristocracy ndi demokalase. Nthawi yomweyo, sanagwirizane ndi aliyense wa iwo, podzudzula maboma onse omwe atchulidwa.
Publius Cornelius Tacitus analinso ndi malingaliro olakwika ku Nyumba Yamalamulo ya Roma yomwe amadziwa. Adanenanso pagulu kuti masenema amadzichitira ulemu pamaso pa mfumu.
Mtundu waboma wopambana kwambiri, Tacitus adayitanitsa boma la republican, ngakhale sanawone ngati labwino. Komabe, ndimapangidwe otere pagulu, ndikosavuta kukhazikitsa chilungamo ndi mikhalidwe yabwino mwa nzika, komanso kukwaniritsa kufanana.
Moyo waumwini
Pafupifupi chilichonse chodziwika pa moyo wake wamwini, komanso za zina zambiri za mbiri yake. Malinga ndi zomwe zidatsalira, adakwatirana ndi mwana wamkazi wa mtsogoleri wankhondo Gnei Julius Agricola, yemwe, ndiye adayambitsa ukwatiwo.
Imfa
Tsiku lenileni la wokamba nkhaniyo silikudziwika. Zimavomerezedwa kuti Tacitus adamwalira ca. 120 kapena mtsogolo. Ngati izi ndi zoona, ndiye kuti imfa yake idagwera paulamuliro wa Adrian.
Chithunzi cha Tacitus
