Francois VI de La Rochefoucauld (1613-1680) - Wolemba ku France, wolemba mbiri komanso wolemba zamatsenga ndi zamakhalidwe. Anali ochokera kubanja lakumwera kwa France ku La Rochefoucauld. Wankhondo wankhondo.
Pa nthawi ya moyo wa abambo ake (mpaka 1650), Prince de Marsillac anali ndi ulemu. Mdzukulu wa mdzukulu wa François de La Rochefoucauld yemwe adaphedwa usiku wa St. Bartholomew.
Zochitika pamoyo wa La Rochefoucauld zidapangitsa kuti a Maxims - gulu lapadera la ma aphorism omwe amapanga mfundo zofunikira za nzeru za tsiku ndi tsiku. Ma Maxim anali buku lokondedwa kwambiri la anthu otchuka, kuphatikiza Leo Tolstoy.
Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya La Rochefoucauld, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yayifupi ya François de La Rochefoucauld.
Mbiri ya La Rochefoucauld
François adabadwa pa Seputembara 15, 1613 ku Paris. Adaleredwa m'banja la a Duke François 5 de La Rochefoucauld ndi mkazi wake Gabriella du Plessis-Liancourt.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Ubwana wake Francois mu Verteil banja lachifumu. Banja la La Rochefoucauld, momwe ana 12 adabadwira, anali ndi ndalama zochepa. Wolemba zamtsogolo adaphunzitsidwa ngati wolemekezeka m'nthawi yake, pomwe cholinga chake chinali pazokhudza zankhondo komanso kusaka.
Komabe, chifukwa chodziphunzitsa, François adakhala m'modzi mwa anthu anzeru kwambiri mdzikolo. Adawonekera koyamba kukhothi ali ndi zaka 17. Ataphunzira bwino usilikali, adamenya nawo nkhondo zingapo.
La Rochefoucauld adatenga nawo gawo pa nkhondo yotchuka ya zaka makumi atatu (1618-1648), yomwe mwanjira ina imakhudza pafupifupi mayiko onse aku Europe. Mwa njira, nkhondo yankhondo idayamba ngati mkangano wachipembedzo pakati pa Aprotestanti ndi Akatolika, koma pambuyo pake udakula ndikulimbana ndi ulamuliro wa a Habsburg ku Europe.
François de La Rochefoucauld anali wotsutsana ndi mfundo za Kadinala Richelieu, kenako Kadinala Mazarin, kuchirikiza zomwe Mfumukazi Anne waku Austria idachita.
Kuchita nawo nkhondo komanso kuthamangitsidwa
Mwamunayo ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 30, adapatsidwa udindo wokhala kazembe wa chigawo cha Poitou. Pa mbiri ya 1648-1653. La Rochefoucauld adatenga nawo gawo mgulu la Fronde, zipolowe zingapo zotsutsana ndi boma ku France, zomwe zimayimira nkhondo yapachiweniweni.
Pakati pa 1652, François, akumenya nkhondo ndi gulu lankhondo lachifumu, adawombeledwa kumaso ndipo adatsala pang'ono kuchititsidwa khungu. Pambuyo pa kulowa kwa Louis XIV ku Paris yopanduka komanso fiasco ya Fronde, wolemba adatengedwa ukapolo kupita ku Angumua.
Ali ku ukapolo, La Rochefoucauld adakwanitsa kukonza thanzi lake. Kumeneko anali kugwira ntchito yosamalira nyumba, komanso kulemba mwachangu. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti inali nthawi yonena za mbiri yake pomwe adapanga "Zikumbutso" zake zotchuka.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1650, François adakhululukidwa kwathunthu, zomwe zidamupatsa mwayi wobwerera ku Paris. Mu likulu, zinthu zake zinayamba kusintha. Pasanapite nthawi, mfumuyi inakhazikitsa wafilosofi wamkulu penshioni, ndikupereka maudindo apamwamba kwa ana ake.
Mu 1659, La Rochefoucauld adalemba chithunzi chake, momwe adafotokozera mikhalidwe yayikulu. Adalankhula za iyemwini ngati munthu wamisala yemwe samaseka kawirikawiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala akuganiza mozama.
Komanso François de La Rochefoucauld adazindikira kuti anali ndi malingaliro. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, sanali kudzidalira, koma anangonena zowona za mbiri yake.
Mabuku
Ntchito yayikulu yoyamba ya wolemba inali "Zikumbutso", zomwe, malinga ndi wolemba, zimangopangidwira anthu wamba, osati anthu. Ntchitoyi ndi gwero lofunikira kuyambira nthawi ya Fronde.
Mu Zikumbutso, a La Rochefoucauld adalongosola mwaluso zochitika zingapo zandale komanso zankhondo, pomwe amayesetsa kuti akhale opanda cholinga. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti adayamikiranso zina mwazomwe Cardinal Richelieu adachita.
Komabe, kutchuka kwa dziko lonse kwa Francois de La Rochefoucauld kunabweretsedwa ndi "Maxims" ake, kapena m'mawu osavuta aphorisms, omwe amawonetsa nzeru zothandiza. Mtundu woyamba wazosungidwazo udasindikizidwa popanda wolemba kuti adziwe mu 1664 ndipo unali ndi ma aphorisms 188.
Chaka chotsatira, kope la wolemba woyamba la "Maxim" lidasindikizidwa, lomwe kale linali ndi mawu 317. Pa moyo wa La Rochefoucauld, zopereka zina 4 zidasindikizidwa, zomaliza zomwe zinali ndi ma 500.
Mwamuna amakayikira kwambiri za chibadwa cha anthu. Aphorism yake yayikulu: "Makhalidwe athu abwino amakhala obisika mwaluso."
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti François adawona kudzikonda ndikutsata zolinga zadyera pamtima pazochita zonse za anthu. M'mawu ake, adawonetsera zoyipa za anthu mwachindunji komanso poyizoni, nthawi zambiri amadzinenera kuti ndiwokayikira.
La Rochefoucauld anafotokoza bwino malingaliro ake mu aphorism yotsatirayi: "Tonsefe tili ndi kuleza mtima kwachikhristu kokwanira kupirira masautso a ena."
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti mu Chirasha "Maxims" wa Mfalansa adawonekera m'zaka za zana la 18, pomwe zolemba zawo sizidamalize. Mu 1908, zopereka za La Rochefoucauld zidasindikizidwa chifukwa cha kuyesayesa kwa Leo Tolstoy. Mwa njira, wafilosofi Friedrich Nietzsche adayankhula bwino za zomwe wolemba adalemba, samatengera machitidwe ake okha, komanso kalembedwe kake.
Moyo waumwini
François de La Rochefoucauld anakwatiwa ndi Andre de Vivonne ali ndi zaka 14. Muukwatiwu, banjali linali ndi ana akazi atatu - Henrietta, Françoise ndi Marie Catherine, ndi ana asanu - François, Charles, Henri Achilles, Jean Baptiste ndi Alexander.
Kwa zaka zambiri za mbiri yake, La Rochefoucauld anali ndi akazi olakwika ambiri. Kwa nthawi yayitali anali paubwenzi ndi a Duchess de Longueville, omwe adakwatirana ndi Prince Henry II.
Chifukwa cha ubale wawo, mwana wamwamuna wapathengo Charles Paris de Longueville adabadwa. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti m'tsogolomu adzakhala m'modzi wampikisano wachifumu waku Poland.
Imfa
François de La Rochefoucauld anamwalira pa Marichi 17, 1680 ali ndi zaka 66. Zaka zomaliza za moyo wake zidadetsedwa ndi imfa ya m'modzi mwa ana ake amuna ndi matenda.
Zithunzi za La Rochefoucauld
