Muhammad Ali (dzina lenileni Cassius Marcellus Clay; 1942-2016) ndi katswiri wodziwa nkhonya ku America yemwe adapikisana nawo mgulu lolemera. Mmodzi mwa nkhonya zazikulu kwambiri m'mbiri ya nkhonya.
Otsogolera angapo pamipikisano yapadziko lonse lapansi. Malinga ndi zolemba zingapo zamasewera, amadziwika kuti ndi "Sportsman of the Century"
Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Muhammad Ali, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, nayi mbiri yayifupi ya Muhammad Ali.
Mbiri ya Muhammad Ali
Cassius Clay Jr., wodziwika bwino kuti Muhammad Ali, adabadwa pa Januware 17, 1942 mumzinda waku America waku Louisville (Kentucky).
Wolemba nkhonya adakula ndipo adaleredwa m'banja la wojambula wazizindikiro ndi zikwangwani Cassius Clay, ndi mkazi wake Odessa Clay. Ali ndi mchimwene wake, Rudolph, yemwenso asinthe dzina lake mtsogolomo ndipo adzadzitcha kuti Rahman Ali.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Abambo a Muhammad adalakalaka kukhala akatswiri ojambula, koma amapeza ndalama makamaka pojambula zikwangwani. Amayi anali kugwira ntchito yoyeretsa nyumba za mabanja olemera azungu.
Ngakhale banja la Muhammad Ali linali laling'ono komanso losauka kwambiri kuposa azungu, sanawonedwe ngati osowa.
Komanso, patapita kanthawi, makolo a mtsogoleri wamtsogolo adatha kugula kanyumba kakang'ono ka $ 4500.
Komabe, munthawi imeneyi, kusankhana mitundu kudawonekera m'malo osiyanasiyana. Muhammad adatha kuwona zoyipa zakusalinganika kwamitundu.
Kukula, Muhammad Ali adavomereza kuti ali mwana nthawi zambiri ankalira pabedi chifukwa samamvetsetsa chifukwa chomwe akuda amatchedwa anthu otsika kwambiri.
Mwachiwonekere, nthawi yodziwika bwino pakupanga mawonekedwe a wachinyamatayo inali nkhani ya bambo wonena za mwana wakuda wotchedwa Emmett Louis Till, yemwe adaphedwa mwankhanza chifukwa chodana ndi mafuko, ndipo ophawo sanamangidwe konse.
Njinga itabedwa kwa Ali wazaka 12, adafuna kupeza ndikumenya zigawenga. Komabe, wapolisi wachizungu komanso nthawi yomweyo wophunzitsa nkhonya Joe Martin adamuwuza kuti "musanamenye munthu, muyenera kuphunzira kaye momwe mungachitire."
Pambuyo pake, mnyamatayo adaganiza zophunzira nkhonya, ndikuyamba kupita ku maphunziro ndi mchimwene wake.
M'malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, a Muhammad nthawi zambiri amapezerera anyamatawo ndikufuula kuti anali womenya bwino kwambiri komanso ngwazi zamtsogolo. Pazifukwa izi, mphunzitsiyo adathamangitsa wakuda uja kuchokera kumalo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti azizire pansi ndikudzikoka.
Patatha mwezi umodzi ndi theka, Ali adalowa mpheteyo koyamba. Nkhondoyo idawonetsedwa pa TV muwonetsero ya TV "Future Champions".
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mnzake wa Muhammad anali womenya nkhonya woyera. Ngakhale kuti Ali anali wocheperapo kuposa womutsutsa komanso wosadziwa zambiri, adakhala wopambana pankhondoyi.
Kumapeto kwa nkhondoyi, wachinyamatayo adayamba kufuula mu kamera kuti adzakhala msilikali wamkulu kwambiri.
Zinali pambuyo pa izi pomwe kusintha kunabwera mu mbiri ya Muhammad Ali. Anayamba kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, osamwa, osasuta, komanso osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aliwonse.
Nkhonya
Mu 1956, Ali wazaka 14 adapambana mpikisano wa Golden Gloves Amateur. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti mkati mwa maphunziro ake kusukulu, adatha kusewera ndewu 100, kutayika maulendo 8 okha.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti Ali anali wosauka kwambiri kusukulu. Kamodzi adasiyidwanso chaka chachiwiri. Komabe, chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi director, adakwanitsabe kulandira satifiketi yakupezeka.
Mu 1960, nkhonya wachichepereyo adayitanidwa kuti achite nawo Masewera a Olimpiki omwe amachitikira ku Roma.
Pofika nthawi imeneyo, Muhammad anali atapanga kale kale nkhondo yomenyera nkhondo. Mu mpheteyo, "adavina" mozungulira womutsutsayo ndi manja ake pansi. Chifukwa chake, adakwiyitsa mdani wake kuti amenyetse zigawenga zazitali, zomwe adatha kuzemba mwaluso.
Makochi a Ali ndi anzawo adatsutsa njira imeneyi, koma wopambana mtsogolo sanasinthe mawonekedwe ake.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Muhammad Ali adadwala matenda owopsa - mantha owuluka pandege. Ankaopa kuthawira ku Roma kotero kuti adadzigula yekha parachute ndikuwulukira momwemo.
Pa Olimpiki, womenyayo adapeza mendulo yagolide pogonjetsa Pole Zbigniew Petszikowski kumapeto. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti Zbigniew anali wamkulu zaka 9 kuposa Ali, popeza anali atamenya nawo nkhondo pafupifupi 230.
Atafika ku America, Muhammad sanachotse mendulo yake ngakhale poyenda mumsewu. Atalowa m'malo odyera amitundu yakomweko ndikufunsa zamasewera, ampikisano adakanidwa ngakhale atawonetsa mendulo ya Olimpiki.
Ali adakwiya kwambiri kotero kuti, potuluka modyeramo, adaponya mendulo mumtsinje. Mu 1960, wothamangayo adayamba kupikisana pamasewera a nkhonya, pomwe mnzake woyamba anali Tanny Hansecker.
Madzulo a nkhondoyi, Muhammad adalengeza poyera kuti apambana, akumuyimbira mnzake womupusitsa. Zotsatira zake, adakwanitsa kugonjetsa Tunney mophweka.
Pambuyo pake, Angelo Dundee adakhala mphunzitsi watsopano wa Ali, yemwe adapeza njira yoyang'anira wadi yake. Sanateteze nkhonya kwambiri pomwe adakonza maluso ake ndikupereka upangiri.
Pa nthawi ya mbiri yake, Muhammad Ali adafuna kuthetsa njala yake yauzimu. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi, adakumana ndi mtsogoleri wa Nation of Islam, Eliya Muhammad.
Wothamanga adalowa mgululi, zomwe zidakhudza kwambiri mapangidwe ake.
Ali adapitiliza kupambana mgulumo, komanso modzipereka adapereka komiti kuofesi yolembetsa usitikali ndikulembetsa, koma sanalandiridwe usilikari. Adalephera kupambana mayeso a nzeru.
Muhammad sakanatha kuwerengetsa kuti ndi maola angati omwe munthu amagwira ntchito kuyambira 6:00 mpaka 15:00, poganizira ola la nkhomaliro. Nkhani zambiri zidatulutsidwa munyuzipepala momwe mutu wanzeru zochepa za nkhonya udakokomeza.
Posachedwa Ali apanga nthabwala: "Ndanena kuti ndine wamkulu, osati anzeru kwambiri."
Mu theka loyambirira la 1962, nkhonya idapambana 5 ndikugogoda. Pambuyo pake, nkhondo idachitika pakati pa Muhammad ndi Henry Cooper.
Masekondi angapo kutha kwa kuzungulira kwa 4, Henry adatumiza Ali kugogoda kwakukulu. Ndipo ngati abwenzi a Muhammad sakanang'amba gulovu yake, ndipo potero samamulola kuti apume, kutha kwa nkhondoyi kukadakhala kosiyana kotheratu.
Pakati mozungulira 5, Ali adadula nsidze ya Cooper ndikumenya ndi dzanja lake, chifukwa chakumenyanako.
Msonkhano wotsatira pakati pa Muhammad ndi Liston unali wowala komanso wovuta kwambiri. Ali adapambana ngwazi yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo pambuyo pake adadwala hematoma.
Mu gawo lachinayi, mosayembekezereka kwa aliyense, Muhammad pafupifupi anasiya kuwona. Anadandaula zakumva kuwawa m'maso mwake, koma mphunzitsiyo adamunyengerera kuti apitilize nkhondoyo, akusunthira mozungulira mpheteyo.
Pofika kuzungulira kwachisanu, Ali adapezanso kuwona, pambuyo pake adayamba kuchita nkhonya zingapo zolondola. Zotsatira zake, mkati mwa msonkhanowo, Sonny anakana kupitiliza ndewu.
Chifukwa chake, Muhammad Ali wazaka 22 adakhala katswiri watsopano wazolemera. Ali anali wachiwiri kwa aliyense mu mphete ya nkhonya. Pambuyo pake adapuma pantchito ya nkhonya kwa zaka 3, ndikubwerera kokha mu 1970.
M'chaka cha 1971, zomwe zimatchedwa "Nkhondo Yazaka" zidachitika pakati pa Muhammad ndi Joe Fraser. Kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri, duel idachitika pakati pa wosewera yemwe sanathenso kumenyedwa ndi wolamulira wopanda mphamvu.
Asanakumane ndi Ali, mwachizolowezi chake, adanyoza Fraser m'njira zosiyanasiyana, akumamutcha kuti ndiwopusa komanso gorilla.
Muhammad analonjeza kugwetsa mdani wake mu round 6, koma izi sizinachitike. Joe wokwiya adayang'anira zoyeserera za Ali ndipo adalunjikitsa mutu ndi thupi laomwe anali wosewera wakale.
Pomaliza, Fraser adakantha mwamphamvu mutu, pambuyo pake Ali adagwa pansi. Omvera adaganiza kuti sangadzuke, komabe anali ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuti adzuke ndikumaliza nkhondoyi.
Zotsatira zake, chigonjetso chidapita kwa a Joe Fraser posankha chimodzi, chomwe chidakhala chosangalatsa kwenikweni. Pambuyo pake, masewera olimbitsa thupi adzakonzedwa, pomwe chigonjetso chidzapita kwa Muhammad. Pambuyo pake Ali adagonjetsa George Foreman wotchuka.
Mu 1975, nkhondo yachitatu pakati pa Muhammad ndi Fraser idachitika, yomwe idadziwika m'mbiri ngati "Thriller ku Manila".
Ali adanyoza mdani kwambiri, ndikupitilizabe kutsimikizira kupambana kwake.
Pankhondoyi, omenyera onsewa adawonetsa nkhonya zabwino. Ntchitoyi idaperekedwa kwa m'modzi, kenako kwa wothamanga wina. Pamapeto pa msonkhanowo, mikanganoyo idasandulika "mawilo" enieni.
Pamapeto omaliza, woweruzayo anasiya kumenyanako, chifukwa Fraser anali ndi hematoma yayikulu pansi pa diso lakumanzere. Nthawi yomweyo, Ali adati pakona yake kuti alibe mphamvu ndipo sangathe kupitiliza msonkhano.
Ngati wofufuzayo sanayimitse nkhondoyi, sizikudziwika kuti mathero ake akanakhala otani. Nkhondo itatha, omenyera onse anali atatopa kwambiri.
Mwambowu udalandira udindo wa "Fight of the Year" malinga ndi magazini yamasewera "The Ring".
Pazaka zambiri za mbiri yake yamasewera, Muhammad Ali adamenya nkhondo 61, ndikupambana 56 (37 ndikugogoda) ndikugonjetsedwa kasanu. Adakhala mtsogoleri wodziwika bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi (1964-1966, 1974-1978), wopambana kasanu ndi kamodzi pamutu wa "Boxer of the Year" komanso "Boxer of the Decade"
Moyo waumwini
Muhammad Ali adakwatirana kanayi. Adasudzula mkazi wake woyamba chifukwa chakuti anali ndi malingaliro olakwika pa Chisilamu.
Mkazi wachiwiri Belinda Boyd (atakwatirana ndi Khalil Ali) adabereka ngwazi ya ana 4: mwana wa Muhammad, mwana wamkazi wa Mariyum ndi mapasa - Jamila ndi Rashida.
Pambuyo pake, banjali linasiyana, chifukwa Khalila sanathenso kulekerera kupusitsidwa kwa amuna awo.
Kachitatu, Muhammad adakwatirana ndi Veronica Porsh, yemwe adakhala naye zaka 9. Mgwirizanowu unabereka ana aakazi awiri - Hana ndi Leila. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Leila adzakhala mtsogoleri wankhonya padziko lonse mtsogolo.
Mu 1986, Ali adakwatirana ndi Iolanta Williams. Awiriwo adatenga mwana wazaka 5 wotchedwa Asaad.
Panthawiyo, Muhammad anali atadwala kale matenda a Parkinson. Anayamba kumva osalankhula, kuyankhula komanso kuyenda pang'ono.
Matenda oopsawa adachitika chifukwa cha masewera a nkhonya a mwamunayo. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti boxer anali ndi ana awiri apathengo.
Imfa
Mu Juni 2016, Ali adamutengera kuchipatala chifukwa chamapapu. Masana adathandizidwa kuchipatala chimodzi cha Scottsdale, koma madotolo adalephera kupulumutsa nkhonya wodziwika.
Muhammad Ali anamwalira pa June 3, 2016, ali ndi zaka 74.
Chithunzi ndi Muhammad Ali
