Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) - wafilosofi wachijeremani, katswiri wamaphunziro, masamu, makaniko, fizikisi, loya, wolemba mbiri, kazembe, wopanga komanso wazolankhula. Woyambitsa ndi purezidenti woyamba wa Berlin Academy of Sciences, membala wakunja wa French Academy of Science.
Mu mbiri ya Leibniz pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yayifupi ya Gottfried Leibniz.
Mbiri ya Leibniz
Gottfried Leibniz adabadwa pa Juni 21 (Julayi 1) 1646 ku Leipzig. Anakulira m'banja la pulofesa wa filosofi Friedrich Leibnutz ndi mkazi wake Katerina Schmuck.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Luso la Gottfried lidayamba kuwonekera ali mwana, zomwe abambo ake adazindikira nthawi yomweyo.
Mutu wabanja adalimbikitsa mwana wake wamwamuna kuti adziwe zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, iye mwini anafotokoza zochititsa chidwi za nkhaniyi, zomwe mnyamatayo anamvetsera mosangalala kwambiri.
Pamene Leibniz anali ndi zaka 6, abambo ake adamwalira, chomwe chinali tsoka loyamba mu mbiri yake. Pambuyo pake, mutu wa banja adasiya laibulale yayikulu, yomwe mnyamatayo amatha kuchita maphunziro ake.
Panthawiyo, Gottfried adadziwa zolembedwa ndi wolemba mbiri yakale wachiroma Livy komanso chuma chambiri cha Calvisius. Mabukuwa adamukopa kwambiri, zomwe adazisunga kwa moyo wake wonse.
Nthawi yomweyo, wachinyamata adaphunzira Chijeremani ndi Chilatini. Anali wamphamvu kwambiri mchidziwitso cha anzawo onse, zomwe aphunzitsiwo adazindikira.
Mulaibulale ya abambo ake, Leibniz adapeza zolemba za a Herodotus, Cicero, Plato, Seneca, Pliny ndi olemba ena akale. Nthawi yake yonse yaulere adagwiritsa ntchito m'mabuku, kuyesera kuti adziwe zambiri.
Gottfried adaphunzira ku Leipzig School of St. Thomas, akuwonetsa luso lapadera mu sayansi komanso zolemba.
Kamodzi wazaka 13 wazaka zakubadwa adatha kulemba vesi m'Chilatini, lopangidwa ndi ma dactyl asanu, kukwaniritsa mawu ofunikira amawu.
Atamaliza sukulu, Gottfried Leibniz adalowa University of Leipzig, ndipo patapita zaka zingapo adasamukira ku University of Jena. Nthawi yonseyi ya mbiri yake, adachita chidwi ndi filosofi, zamalamulo, komanso adawonetsa chidwi chamasamu.
Mu 1663, Leibniz adalandira digiri ya bachelor kenako digiri ya master mu filosofi.
Kuphunzitsa
Ntchito yoyamba ya Gottfried "Pa mfundo yodziyimira payokha" idasindikizidwa mu 1663. Ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amadziwa kuti atamaliza maphunziro ake adagwira ntchito ngati katswiri wazamalonda.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti mnyamatayo atamva zamtundu wa alchemical, adafuna kukhala mmenemo pogwiritsa ntchito machenjera.
Leibniz adalemba zolemba zosokoneza kwambiri m'mabuku a alchemy, pambuyo pake adabweretsa nkhani yake yake kwa atsogoleri a Rosicrucian Order. Atadziwana ndi "ntchito" ya mnyamatayo, adawonetsa kumukonda kwake ndikumulengeza kuti ndiwokhoza.
Pambuyo pake, Gottfried adavomereza kuti sanachite manyazi ndi zomwe adachitazo, chifukwa adachita chidwi ndi chidwi chosaneneka.
Mu 1667, Leibniz adachita chidwi ndi malingaliro anzeru komanso zamaganizidwe, mpaka kufika patali kwambiri mderali. Zaka zingapo Sigmund Freud asanabadwe, adakwanitsa kukhazikitsa lingaliro lazidziwitso zazing'ono.
Mu 1705, wasayansi uja adafalitsa "New Experiments on Human Understanding", ndipo pambuyo pake buku lake lafilosofi "Monadology" lidawonekera.
Gottfried adapanga makina opanga poganiza kuti dziko lapansi lili ndi zinthu zina - ma monads, omwe amapezeka mosiyana. Amonke, nawonso, amaimira gawo lauzimu lokhalapo.
Wafilosofi anali wothandizira kuti munthu ayenera kudziwa dziko kudzera mukutanthauzira komveka. M'kumvetsetsa kwake, anali ndi mgwirizano, koma nthawi yomweyo adayesetsa kuthana ndi zotsutsana za chabwino ndi choipa.
Masamu ndi Sayansi
Ali muutumiki wa Elector wa Mainz, Leibniz amayenera kuyendera mayiko osiyanasiyana aku Europe. Paulendo wamabizinesi woterewu, adakumana ndi wopanga wachi Dutch Christian Huygens, yemwe adayamba kumuphunzitsa masamu.
Ali ndi zaka 20, mnyamatayo adafalitsa buku "On the Art of Combinatorics", komanso adafunsa mafunso pankhani yamathematization ya logic. Chifukwa chake, adayimilira pachiyambi cha sayansi yamakompyuta amakono.
Mu 1673, Gottfried adapanga makina owerengetsera omwe amangolemba manambala kuti azikonzedwa mu decimal system. Pambuyo pake, makinawa adadziwika kuti masamu a Leibniz.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti makina owonjezera amenewo adatha m'manja mwa Peter 1. Mfumu yaku Russia idachita chidwi ndi zida zachilendozi kotero kuti idaganiza zokaipereka kwa mfumu yaku China.
Mu 1697 Peter Wamkulu adakumana ndi Leibniz. Pambuyo pokambirana kwanthawi yayitali, adalamula kuti apereke mphotho kwa wasayansiyo ndikupereka udindo wa Privy Counsor of Justice.
Pambuyo pake, chifukwa cha zoyesayesa za Leibniz, Peter adagwirizana zomanga Academy of Science ku St.
Olemba mbiri ya a Gottfried amafotokoza zakusamvana kwawo ndi Isaac Newton iyemwini, komwe kudachitika mu 1708. Wachiwiriyu adadzudzula Leibniz chifukwa chabodza pomwe adaphunzira mosamala masiyiti ake.
Newton akuti adapeza zotsatira zofananira zaka 10 zapitazo, koma sanafune kutulutsa malingaliro ake. Gottfried sanakane kuti ali wachinyamata anaphunzira zolemba pamanja za Isaac, koma akuti adafika pazotsatira zomwezo yekha.
Kuphatikiza apo, Leibniz adapanga chizindikiro chosavuta, chomwe chikugwiritsidwabe ntchito mpaka pano.
Mkangano pakati pa asayansi awiriwa udadziwika kuti "mkangano wochititsa manyazi kwambiri m'mbiri yonse yamasamu."
Kuphatikiza pa masamu, fizikiya ndi psychology, Gottfried analinso wokonda zilankhulo, malamulo komanso biology.
Moyo waumwini
Leibniz nthawi zambiri sanamalize zomwe anapeza, chifukwa cha malingaliro ake ambiri sanamalize.
Mwamunayo amayang'ana moyo ndi chiyembekezo, anali wosavuta komanso wokonda kutengeka. Komabe, anali wodziwika chifukwa choumira ndi umbombo, osakana izi zoyipa. Olemba mbiri ya Gottfried Leibniz sangavomerezane pa kuchuluka kwa azimayi omwe anali nawo.
Ndizodziwika bwino kuti katswiri wa masamu anali ndi malingaliro achikondi kwa mfumukazi yaku Prussian Sophia Charlotte waku Hanover. Komabe, ubale wawo unali wambiri.
Pambuyo pa imfa ya Sophia mu 1705, Gottfried sanamupeze yekha mkazi yemwe angakonde naye.
Imfa
M'zaka zomalizira za moyo wake, Leibniz anali ndiubwenzi wolimba kwambiri ndi mfumu yaku England. Amayang'ana wasayansiyo ngati wolemba mbiri wamba, ndipo mfumuyo inali yotsimikiza kwathunthu kuti amalipira ntchito za Gottfried pachabe.
Chifukwa chongokhala, mwamunayo adayamba gout ndi rheumatism. Gottfried Leibniz anamwalira pa Novembala 14, 1716 ali ndi zaka 70 popanda kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo.
Ndi mlembi wake yekha amene adafika paulendo womaliza wa masamu.
Zithunzi za Leibniz
