Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov (wapampando wapano wa Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (1930-1941), Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR (1939-1949) and (1953-1956) .Mmodzi mwa atsogoleri apamwamba a CPSU kuyambira 1921 mpaka 1957.
Molotov ndi wapadera chifukwa ndi m'modzi mwa azaka 100 zandale za USSR omwe adapulumuka pafupifupi alembi onse. Moyo wake udayamba pansi pa tsarist Russia ndipo udatha motsogozedwa ndi Gorbachev.
Wambiri Vyacheslav Molotov zapiringizana ndi mfundo zosiyanasiyana zosangalatsa za chipani chake ndi moyo.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Vyacheslav Molotov.
Wambiri Vyacheslav Molotov
Vyacheslav Molotov anabadwa pa February 25 (March 9), 1890 mumzinda wa Kukarka (m'chigawo cha Vyatka). Iye anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja lolemera.
Bambo Vyacheslav, Mikhail Prokhorovich, anali philistine. Mayi, Anna Yakovlevna, anachokera ku banja amalonda.
Onse pamodzi, makolo a Molotov anali ndi ana asanu ndi awiri.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Kuyambira ali mwana Vyacheslav Molotov anasonyeza luso kulenga. Munthawi yamasukulu ake, adaphunzira kusewera vayolini, komanso adalemba ndakatulo.
Ali ndi zaka 12, mnyamatayo adalowa Sukulu ya Kazan Real, komwe adaphunzira zaka 6.
Nthawi imeneyo, achinyamata ambiri anali ndi chidwi ndi malingaliro osintha. Molotov nayenso anali ndi malingaliro otere.
Pasanapite nthawi, Vyacheslav adakhala membala wa bwalo momwe amaphunzirira ntchito za Karl Marx. Inali nthawi yonena za mnyamatayo pomwe mnyamatayo adadzazidwa ndi Marxism, kudana ndi boma lachifumu.
Posakhalitsa, mwana wamalonda wachuma Viktor Tikhomirov adakhala mnzake wapamtima wa Molotov, yemwe adaganiza zolowa nawo Bolsheviks mu 1905. Chaka chotsatira, Vyacheslav nawonso adalowa nawo gulu la Bolshevik.
M'chaka cha 1906, mnyamatayo ndi membala wa Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP). M'kupita kwa nthawi Vyacheslav anamangidwa chifukwa cha ntchito mobisa chosintha.
Khotilo lidalamula a Molotov kuti akhale m'ndende zaka zitatu, zomwe amakhala ku Vologda. Atakhala womasuka, adalowa ku St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute ku Faculty of Economics.
Chaka chilichonse Vyacheslav analibe chidwi ndi maphunziro ake, motero anamaliza maphunziro ake mpaka chaka chachinayi, ndipo sanalandire diploma. Pa nthawiyo, mbiri, malingaliro ake onse anali okhudzidwa ndi zisinthe.
Kusintha
Ali ndi zaka 22, Vyacheslav Molotov adayamba kugwira ntchito yoyamba ya Bolshevik ya Pravda ngati mtolankhani. Posakhalitsa adakumana ndi Joseph Dzhugashvili, yemwe pambuyo pake amadzadziwika kuti Joseph Stalin.
Madzulo a Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse (1914-1918), Molotov anyamuka kupita ku Moscow.
Kumeneku, wopandukirayo adapitilizabe kuchita zinthu zabodza, kuyesera kupeza anthu ambiri amalingaliro ofanana. Posakhalitsa adamangidwa ndikutumizidwa ku Siberia, komwe adathawa mu 1916.
Chaka chotsatira, Vyacheslav Molotov adasankhidwa kukhala wachiwiri wa Executive Committee ya Petrograd Soviet komanso membala wa komiti yayikulu ya RSDLP (b).
Kutatsala pang'ono kusintha kwa Okutobala wa 1917, motsogozedwa ndi a Lenin, wandaleyo adadzudzula mwamphamvu zomwe boma la Providenceal.
Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lanu
Pamene a Bolsheviks adayamba kulamulira, Molotov adapatsidwa udindo wapamwamba mobwerezabwereza. Pa mbiri ya 1930-1941. anali wapampando waboma, ndipo mu 1939 adakhalanso kazembe wa anthu pazokhudza zakunja kwa USSR.
Zaka zingapo nkhondo yayikulu ya Patriotic isanayambike (1941-1945), atsogoleri apamwamba a Soviet Union adazindikira kuti nkhondoyi iyambika.
Ntchito yayikulu panthawiyi sinali yopewa kuukiridwa ndi Nazi Germany, koma kupeza nthawi yochuluka yokonzekera nkhondo. Pamene a Wehrmacht a Hitler adalanda dziko la Poland, zidatsalira kuti adziwe momwe a Nazi azikhalira.
Gawo loyamba lazokambirana ndi Germany linali Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact: mgwirizano wosagwirizana pakati pa Germany ndi USSR, womaliza mu Ogasiti 1939.
Chifukwa cha mgwirizanowu, Great Patriotic War idayamba patadutsa zaka 2 chichitikireni mgwirizano, osati kale. Izi zidalola utsogoleri wa USSR kuti ukonzekere momwe zingathere.
Mu Novembala 1940, Vyacheslav Molotov adapita ku Berlin, komwe adakumana ndi Hitler kuti amvetsetse zolinga za Germany ndi omwe akuchita nawo Pangano la Atatu.
Zokambirana za Nduna Yowona Zakunja yaku Russia ndi Fuhrer ndi Ribbentrop sizinapangitse kuti pakhale mgwirizano. USSR idakana kulowa "Mgwirizano Wachitatu".
Mu Meyi 1941, a Molotov adamasulidwa paudindo wawo monga mutu wa Council of People's Commissars, chifukwa zinali zovuta kuti athe kuthana ndi ntchito ziwiri nthawi imodzi. Chifukwa, thupi latsopano lotsogozedwa ndi Stalin, ndipo Vyacheslav Mikhailovich anakhala wachiwiri wake.
M'mawa kwambiri pa June 22, 1941, Germany idawukira USSR. Tsiku lomwelo, Vyacheslav Molotov, molamulidwa ndi Stalin, adawonekera pa wailesi pamaso pa nzika zake.
Ndunayo idalongosola mwachidule zomwe zachitika kwa anthu aku Soviet Union ndipo kumapeto kwa nkhani yawo adalankhula mawu otchuka: "Cholinga chathu ndichachilungamo. Mdani adzagonjetsedwa. Kupambana kudzakhala kwathu ".
Zaka zapitazi
Nikita Khrushchev atayamba kulamulira, adalamula kuti a Molotov achotsedwe ku CPSU chifukwa cha "kusayeruzika komwe kudachitika pansi pa Stalin." Zotsatira zake, mu 1963 wandale adapuma pantchito.
Kutula pansi udindo kunakhala imodzi mwazinthu zopweteka kwambiri mu mbiri ya Vyacheslav Molotov. Amalemba makalata mobwerezabwereza kwa oyang'anira akulu, momwe amapempha kuti abwezeretsedwe pantchito yake. Komabe, zopempha zake zonse sizinapereke zotsatira.
Zaka zomaliza za Molotov ku dacha, zomangidwa m'mudzi wawung'ono wa Zhukovka. Malinga ndi zina, amakhala ndi mkazi wake pa penshoni ya ma ruble 300.
Moyo waumwini
Ndi mkazi wake wamtsogolo, Polina Zhemchuzhina, Vyacheslav Molotov adakumana mu 1921. Kuyambira pamenepo, banjali silinasiyane.
Mwana wamkazi yekhayo, Svetlana, anabadwira m'banja la Molotov.
Banjali limakondana ndipo amakhala mogwirizana. Idyll yapabanja idapitilira mpaka pomwe Paulina adamangidwa mu 1949.
Paphwando plenum mkazi wa People's Commissar adachotsedwa pa omwe akufuna kukhala membala wa Central Committee, Molotov, mosiyana ndi ena omwe adavotera, ndiye yekhayo amene adayenera kuvota.
Pearl atatsala pang'ono kumangidwa, banjali mwachinyengo lidasiyana ndikupatukana. Ichi chinali chiyeso chachikulu Vyacheslav Mikhailovich, amene mokhudza ankakonda mkazi wake.
Stalin atangomwalira mu Marichi 1953, m'masiku a maliro ake, Polina adatulutsidwa m'ndende ndi lamulo la Beria. Pambuyo pake, mkaziyo anatengedwa kupita ku Moscow.
Wandale amatchedwa munthu wokhala ndi "chitsulo pansi" chifukwa cha kupirira kwake komanso kusamala. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Winston Churchill adazindikira kuti Molotov anali ndi kudziletsa komanso kusowa kwamalingaliro ngakhale atakhala ovuta kwambiri.
Imfa
Kwa zaka zambiri za mbiri yake, Molotov adakumana ndi ziwopsezo zisanu ndi ziwiri. Komabe, izi sizinamulepheretse kukhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wokonda zochitika.
Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov anamwalira pa Novembala 8, 1986 ali ndi zaka 96. Atamwalira, buku la ndalama za commissar la anthu lidapezeka, pomwe panali ma ruble 500.
Chithunzi ndi Vyacheslav Molotov
