Vissarion Grigorevich Belinsky - Wolemba mabuku waku Russia komanso wofalitsa nkhani. Belinsky ankagwira ntchito makamaka ngati wotsutsa zolembalemba, chifukwa malowa sanayesedwe.
Anagwirizana ndi Asilavo kuti anthu ali patsogolo kuposa kudzikonda, koma nthawi yomweyo adati anthu ayenera kukhala okhulupirika pofotokoza malingaliro ndi ufulu wawo.
Mu mbiri ya Vissarion Belinsky panali mayesero osiyanasiyana, koma panali zambiri zosangalatsa pamoyo wake wamwamuna ndi zolembalemba.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Belinsky.
Wambiri Vissarion Belinsky
Vissarion Belinsky adabadwira ku Sveaborg (Finland) pa Meyi 30 (Juni 11) 1811. Adakula ndipo adaleredwa m'banja la dokotala.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti mutu wabanjali anali wongoganiza mozama ndipo sakhulupirira Mulungu, zomwe zinali zodabwitsa kwambiri nthawi imeneyo. Pachifukwa ichi, anthu amapewa kulumikizana ndi Belinsky Sr. ndipo amathandizidwa ndi iye pakagwa mwadzidzidzi.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Pamene Vissarion anali ndi zaka zisanu, banja la Belinsky linasamukira kuchigawo cha Penza. Mnyamatayo adalandira maphunziro ake oyambira kuchokera kwa mphunzitsi wakomweko. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti abambo adaphunzitsa mwana wawo Chilatini.
Ali ndi zaka 14, Belinsky anayamba kuphunzira pa sukulu yochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi. Munthawi imeneyi ya mbiri yake, adachita chidwi kwambiri ndi Chirasha ndi mabuku. Popeza kuti maphunziro ake pa chipinda chochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi anali osowa kwambiri, patapita nthawi anayamba kudumpha makalasi nthawi zambiri.
Mu 1825 Vissarion Belinsky anakhoza bwino mayeso ku Moscow University. Munthawi imeneyi, nthawi zambiri amakhala akukhala pakamwa, popeza banja silinakwanitse kulipira zonse pazomwe amamusamalira.
Komabe, wophunzirayo adapitiliza maphunziro ake ngakhale adakumana ndi mayesero ambiri. Popita nthawi, Vissarion adapatsidwa mwayi wopeza maphunziro, chifukwa chake adayamba kuphunzira mopanda ndalama pagulu.
Pambuyo pake, bwalo laling'ono linasonkhana mozungulira Belinsky, yemwe amadziwika ndi luntha lake lalikulu. Anaphatikizapo anthu monga Alexander Herzen, Nikolai Stankevich, Nikolai Ogarev ndi ena okonda mabuku.
Achinyamata adakambirana ntchito zosiyanasiyana, komanso adakambirana zandale. Aliyense wa iwo anafotokoza masomphenya awo a chitukuko cha Russia.
Ali mchaka chake chachiwiri, Vissarion Belinsky adalemba ntchito yake yoyamba "Dmitry Kalinin". Mmenemo, wolemba adatsutsa serfdom, miyambo yokhazikitsidwa ndi ufulu wa eni malo.
Bukulo litagwera m'manja mwa owunika pa University of Moscow, lidaletsedwa kufalitsa. Komanso Belinsky anaopsezedwa kuti adzatengedwa ukapolo chifukwa cha malingaliro ake. Kulephera koyamba kunatsatiridwa ndi matenda komanso kuchotsedwa kwa ophunzira ku yunivesite.
Kuti apeze zofunika pamoyo, Vissarion anayamba kuchita kumasulira zolembalemba. Nthawi yomweyo, adapanga ndalama pophunzitsa payekha.
Kutsutsa pamabuku
Popita nthawi, Belinsky anakumana ndi Boris Nadezhdin, mwiniwake wa chofalitsa cha Teleskop. Wodziwana naye watsopano adamutenga kukagwira ntchito yomasulira.
Mu 1834 Vissarion Belinsky adalemba cholembera chake choyamba, chomwe chidakhala poyambira pantchito yake. Panthawi imeneyi ya mbiri, nthawi zambiri amapita kumabuku olemba a Konstantin Aksakov ndi Semyon Selivansky.
Wotsutsayo anali akukumanabe ndi mavuto azachuma, nthawi zambiri amasamukira kumalo ena. Pambuyo pake adayamba kugwira ntchito ngati mlembi wa wolemba Sergei Poltoratsky.
Pomwe mu 1836 "Telescope" idatha, Belinsky adadzazidwa kwambiri ndi umphawi. Chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi anzawo akale, amatha kupulumuka mwanjira inayake.
Kamodzi Aksakov anapempha Vissarion kuti akaphunzitse ku Constantine Survey Institute. Chifukwa chake, Belinsky anali ndi ntchito yokhazikika kwakanthawi komanso mwayi wolemba.
Pambuyo pake, wotsutsayo asankha kuchoka ku Moscow kupita ku St. Anali ndi chidwi ndi mphamvu zatsopano mu filosofi, makamaka potengeka ndi malingaliro a Hegel ndi Schelling.
Kuyambira 1840, Belinsky mwamwano adatsutsa kupita patsogolo kwamalingaliro, ndikuyika tsogolo la munthu wina pamtsogolo ndi zofuna zake.
Wolemba anali wothandizira malingaliro. Anali wotsimikiza kuti kulibe Mulungu ndipo m'makalata ake kwa Gogol adatsutsa miyambo ndi maziko amatchalitchi.
Wambiri Vissarion Belinsky kwathunthu zokhudzana ndi kutsutsa akatswiri zolembalemba. Kuthandiza malingaliro akumadzulo, adatsutsa malingaliro achi populism ndi a Slavophil omwe amafalitsa ukapolo komanso miyambo yachikale.
Vissarion Grigorievich ndiye amene adayambitsa njira yasayansi pankhaniyi, pokhala wothandizira "sukulu yachilengedwe". Anamutcha woyambitsa wake Nikolai Gogol.
Belinsky adagawa chikhalidwe cha anthu kukhala chauzimu komanso chakuthupi. Anatinso zaluso zimaimira luso loganiza mophiphiritsa, ndipo izi ndizosavuta monga kulingalira ndi lingaliro.
Tithokoze malingaliro a Belinsky, lingaliro lowerenga za chikhalidwe chauzimu cha Russia lidatulukira. Cholowa chake chopanga chili ndi zolemba zambiri zovuta komanso kufotokozera kwamabuku achi Russia pakatikati pa 19th century.
Moyo waumwini
Ngakhale Vissarion Belinsky anali ndi abwenzi ambiri komanso anzawo, nthawi zambiri sanasungulumwe. Pachifukwa ichi, adafuna kuyambitsa banja, koma mavuto azachuma komanso zathanzi amalepheretsa kukwaniritsa izi.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, Belinsky anayamba kusamalira Maria Orlova. Mtsikanayo anachita chidwi ndi ntchito ya wolemba ndipo anali wokondwa kulemberana naye makalata ali ku mizinda ina.
Mu 1843 achinyamata adaganiza zokwatira. Pa nthawiyo anali ndi zaka 32.
Posakhalitsa banjali linali ndi mwana wamkazi, Olga. Ndiye, m'banja la Belinsky, mwana wamwamuna, Vladimir, anabadwa, yemwe anamwalira patatha miyezi 4.
Nthawi yonseyi ya mbiri yake, Vissarion Belinsky adagwira ntchito iliyonse kuti apezere mkazi ndi mwana wake. Komabe, banja nthawi zambiri limakumana ndi mavuto azachuma. Kuphatikiza apo, kutsutsa nthawi zambiri kumalephera thanzi.
Imfa
M'zaka zomalizira za moyo wake, thanzi la Vissarion Belinsky linafooka kwambiri. Nthawi zonse anali kumva kufooka ndipo anali ndi vuto la kudya pang'ono ndi pang'ono.
Zaka zitatu asanamwalire, Belinsky adapita kumwera kwa Russia kuti akalandire chithandizo. Pambuyo pake, adayesetsa kuchira pachipatala china ku France, koma izi sizinaphule kanthu. Wolembayo adangolowera kwambiri ngongole.
Vissarion Grigorievich Belinsky anamwalira pa Meyi 26 (Juni 7) 1848 ku St. Petersburg, ali ndi zaka 36. Umu ndi momwe m'modzi mwa otsutsa aluso kwambiri m'mbiri ya Russia adamwalira.
