Caucasus ili pamphambano ya Europe ndi Asia pakati pa Caspian ndi Black Sea. Kuphatikiza kwa malo, nyengo, kuthupi ndi mafuko zimapangitsa dera lino kukhala lapadera. Caucasus ndi dziko lonse lapansi, losiyana komanso lapadera.
Madera okhala ndi mbiri yolemera, malo okongola, kapena nyengo zokongola amapezeka padziko lapansi. Koma kokha ku Caucasus, chilengedwe ndi anthu amapanga chisakanizo chapadera chomwe chimalola mlendo aliyense kupeza zest yawo.
Ngati tikulankhula za kuchuluka kwa anthu a ku Caucasus, ndiye kuti mawu akuti "Caucasus" sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mtundu wina. Anthu ambiri amakhala ku Caucasus, ena mwa iwo amasiyana ndi ena monga kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi. Pali anthu achisilamu komanso achikhristu. Pali anthu omwe amakhala kumapiri ndipo amachita miyambo yolima nyama ndi kuswana nkhosa, ndipo pali anthu okhala m'mizinda yayikulu masiku ano. Ngakhale anthu okhala m'zigwa ziwiri zoyandikana nawo samamvetsetsa chilankhulo cha anzawo ndipo amanyadira kuti amaimira anthu ochepa koma okhala m'mapiri.
Pambuyo pa kugwa kwa USSR ndi mikangano yomwe idatsatira, Caucasus, mwatsoka, imagwirizanitsidwa ndi nkhondo ndi uchigawenga ndi ambiri. Zomwe zimayambitsa mikangano sizinapite kulikonse. Palibe nthaka yomwe yakula, kapena mchere, komanso kusiyana mafuko sikunathe. Komabe, pofika kumapeto kwa zaka khumi zachiwiri za 21st, anthu apamwamba adakwanitsa kukhazikitsa zinthu ku North Caucasus komanso ku Transcaucasian.
Kulankhula za Caucasus, chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwake, kumatha kukhala kwakutali. Fuko lirilonse, malo okhala, mapiri aliwonse ndiopanda pake. Ndipo zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa zitha kuuzidwa za chilichonse.
1. Ku Caucasus, kuli mayiko ambiri komanso mayiko odziyimira pawokha ku Russia kotero kuti onse akuwoneka ochepa. Nthawi zina izi zimakhala zoona - mukamayenda kuchokera ku Grozny kupita ku Pyatigorsk, mumadutsa malire anayi oyang'anira. Mbali inayi, ulendo wochokera kumwera kwa Dagestan kupita kumpoto kwa Republic potengera mtunda ndi wofanana ndi ulendo wochokera ku Moscow kupita ku St. Chilichonse ndichachibale - Dagestan idutsa Holland ndi Switzerland m'derali, ndipo ngakhale Chechen Republic, yomwe ndi yaying'ono kwambiri malinga ndi mfundo zaku Russia, ndi yayikulu kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa Luxembourg. Koma ambiri, zachidziwikire, ngati tigawa zigawo za Russia ndi madera, ndiye kuti mayiko aku Caucasus adzakhala kumapeto kwenikweni kwa mndandandawu. Zocheperako kuposa Ingushetia, North Ossetia, Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria ndi Chechnya, zigawo zokha - mizinda ya Sevastopol, St. Petersburg ndi Moscow, komanso dera la Kaliningrad lomwe lidakwatirana pakati pa Karachay-Cherkessia ndi Chechnya. Stavropol Territory ndi Dagestan amawoneka zimphona motsutsana ndi kwawo - malo a 45 ndi 52th motsatana pamndandanda waboma.
2. Anthu aku Georgia, Armenia ndi Udins (anthu okhala mdera la Dagestan) adatengera Chikhristu ngati chipembedzo cha boma mzaka za m'ma IV. Greater Armenia mu 301 idakhala dziko loyamba lachikhristu padziko lapansi, zaka 12 patsogolo pa Ufumu wa Roma. Ossetia adabatizidwa zaka 70 m'mbuyomo kuposa Kievan Rus. Pakadali pano, akhristu afalikira pakati pa anthu ku Caucasus wonse. Ku North Caucasus Federal District ku Russia, kuli 57% ya iwo, ndipo Georgia ndi Armenia ndi mayiko omwe ndi achikhristu omwe amalowererapo pang'ono pakati pa oimira zipembedzo zina.
3. Ku Soviet Union, mawu oti "tiyi waku Georgia" ndi "ma tangerines aku Georgia" anali ofala kwambiri kotero kuti anthu adapanga lingaliro loti izi ndi zinthu zosatha zaku Georgia. M'malo mwake, mpaka zaka za m'ma 1930, zipatso zonse za tiyi ndi zipatso za zipatso zinkawonjezedwa ku Georgia pang'ono. Kubzala misasa ya tiyi ndi mitengo ya zipatso kunayambira pa Secretary Secretary woyamba wa Central Communist Party (Bolsheviks) waku Georgia Lavrenty Beria. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchitoyi inali yayikulu kwambiri - madera otentha kumadera omwe panthawiyo anali Georgia anali kamphanda kakang'ono kwambiri panyanja, kosandulika madambo a malungo. Mahekitala mazana mazana adasungunuka. Zomwezo, kungochotsa miyala, zimachitika pamapiri otsetsereka, pomwe tiyi amabzalidwa. Zinthu zosowa ku USSR yonse zidapatsa anthu aku Georgia moyo wabwino. Soviet Union itagwa komanso kutayika kwa msika waku Russia, kupanga tiyi ndi zipatso ku Georgia kunachepa kwambiri.
4. North Caucasus ndi malo obadwira kefir. Ngakhale kuti ma Ossetians, Balkars ndi Karachais (inde, akutsutsa kufunikira kwawo) akhala akumwa kefir kwazaka zambiri, ku Europe gawo la Russia adaphunzira izi theka lachiwiri la 19th. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kefir idapangidwa mwangozi kapena mwadala kuwonjezera ma enzyme mkaka wa ng'ombe. Enzyme ya Kumis yakhala kefir, ndipo tsopano kefir imapangidwa m'malita mazana masauzande ambiri.
5. Ku North Ossetia, makilomita 40 kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Vladikavkaz, pali mudzi wapadera wa Dargavs, womwe anthu am'deralo amatcha Mzinda wa Akufa. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, akufa sanali kuikidwa pano, koma anayikidwa minyumba yamiyala mpaka yazitali zinayi. Chifukwa cha mpweya wamapiri komanso kutentha pang'ono, mitemboyo idakonzedwa mwachangu ndikusungidwa. Pakati pa mliri wa mliri m'zaka za zana la XIV, pomwe anthu ambiri okhala ku aul adamwalira, mabanja athunthu pazizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa nthawi yomweyo adapita ku nsanja za crypt. Zikumbutso zina zakale zidapulumuka ku Dargavs, makamaka, nsanja momwe makolo akale a mabanja akale komanso olemekezeka kwambiri a Ossetia amakhala. Komabe, kufikira zipilalazi ndizovuta - pambuyo poti madzi oundana asoweka mu 2002, munthu akhoza kupita ku Dargavs kokha wapansi m'njira yowopsa.
6. Phiri lalitali kwambiri ku Caucasus ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, phiri lalitali kwambiri ku Europe, ndi Elbrus (kutalika kwa 5,642 mita). Amakhulupirira kuti kukwera koyamba kwa Elbrus mu 1828 kunapangidwa ndi wotsogolera waulendo waku Russia, Kilar Khashirov, yemwe adapatsidwa mphotho ya kupambana kwake ndi ma ruble 100 ndikudula nsalu. Komabe, a Khashirov adapita kumsonkhano waku Eastern wa phiri lomwe lili ndi mitu iwiri, lomwe ndilotsika kuposa la Azungu. Ulendowu wopangidwa ndi purezidenti wa London Alpine Club Florence Grove anali woyamba kufika pachimake ku Europe. Izi zidachitika mu 1874. Chaka chotsatira, a Grove, atachita chidwi ndi kukongola kwa Caucasus, adalemba buku lonena za ulendowu.
7. Mwambo wokondana wamagazi udakalipo ku Caucasus. Mwinanso ndi chifukwa cha zotsalira izi kuti kuchuluka kwa kupha kwamalingaliro molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu ochokera ku North Caucasian Federal District amakhalabe m'malo omaliza ku Russia. Komabe, oyang'anira zamalamulo akumaloko amavomereza kuti mkangano wamagazi ulipobe. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwawo, kupha anthu am'magazi ndimagawo ochepa kwambiri amitundu yonse yakupha. Akatswiri ofufuza zaumulungu akuwona kuti miyambo yodana ndi magazi yasintha kwambiri. Tsopano, zikafika pakufa chifukwa chonyalanyaza, mwachitsanzo, pangozi, akulu amatha kuyanjanitsa maguluwo pokakamiza anthu kuti alape ndi kulipiritsa chindapusa.
8. "Kubedwa kwa Mkwatibwi ndichikhalidwe chakale komanso chokongola!" - anati ngwazi ya kanema "Mkaidi wa Caucasus". Mwambo uwu umakhalabe wofunikira masiku ano. Zachidziwikire, sanatanthauze (komanso, sizikutanthauza tsopano) kumangidwa kwa msungwana komanso kukwatiwa mofanana. M'nthawi zakale, mkwati amayenera kuwonetsa kulimba mtima kwake komanso kulimba mtima, akumulanda mwakachetechete wokondedwa wake kunyumba ya abambo ake (ndipo pali abale asanu, okwera pamahatchi akuwayang'anira). Kwa makolo a mkwatibwi, kuba anthu kungakhale njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli ngati mkwati sangakwanitse kulipira chiwombolo. Njira ina ndikutenga mwana wamkazi womaliza asanakwane wamkulu, yemwe, monga akunenera ku Russia, wakhala atsikana. Kubedwako kukadatha kuchitika mwakufuna kwa msungwanayo, yemwe makolo ake sanalole kukwatira wokondedwa wake. Pafupifupi zifukwa zomwezo zimayambitsidwa ndi kuba kwa mkwatibwi tsopano. Zachidziwikire, zochulukirapo zakhala zikuchitika. Koma kwa iwo omwe akufuna kulanda munthu ufulu, ngakhale wokondedwa, pali nkhani yapadera yokhudza milandu. Ndipo ngati woberedwa atavulazidwa, chilango chaupandu kwa wolakwayo chitha kungochedwetsa kubwezera magazi.
9. Kuchereza odziwika ku Caucasus, moyenera, kungafotokozedwe ndikuti m'masiku akale kuyenda kwamapiri kunali kovuta kwambiri. Mlendo aliyense, kulikonse komwe amachokera komanso aliyense yemwe anali, anali gwero lodziwitsa zambiri zakunja. Chifukwa chake chizolowezi chidayamba kulandira mlendo aliyense wochereza kwambiri. Koma ku Russia, mwachitsanzo, kalelo m'zaka za zana la 17 panali miyambo yolonjera mlendo. Mwini malo anakumana ndi mlendo pakhomo lolowera mnyumbamo, ndipo wantchitoyo anamupatsa kapu yakumwa. Mwambo womwe sufuna kukonzekera kapena kuwononga ndalama. Koma adawoneka kuti wasanduka nthunzi, wotsalira m'mabuku okha. Ndipo anthu aku Caucasus adasungabe chizolowezi chawo chochereza alendo, ngakhale anthu ali amakono.
10. Monga mukudziwa, kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi 1945 pa Reichstag nyumba ku Berlin, asitikali aku Soviet adabzala mbendera zingapo zofiira. M'milandu yotchuka kwambiri yokhazikitsa mbendera za Victory, mbadwa za Caucasus zimakhudzidwa mwachindunji. Pa Meyi 1, a Mikhail Berest ndi a Georgia a Meliton Kantaria adakhazikitsa mbendera ya 150th Order of Kutuzov II degree of the Idritsa division over the Reichstag. Ndipo m'modzi mwa anthu otchuka pachithunzi chojambulidwa "The Red Banner over the Reichstag", chomwe chidatengedwa pa Meyi 2, 1945, ndi mbadwa ya Dagestan Abdulkhalim Ismailov. Mu chithunzi cha Evgeny Khaldei, Alexei Kovalyov akukweza chikwangwani, ndipo Ismailov akumuthandiza. Asanatulutse chithunzicho, a Khaldey adayenera kubweza wotchi yachiwiri padzanja la Ismailov.
11. Soviet Union itagwa, anthu aku Russia adatsika pang'ono osati m'maiko odziyimira pawokha a Georgia, Azerbaijan ndi Armenia, komanso m'ma republic odziyimira pawokha ku Russia. Ngakhale titatulutsa m'mabokosi a Chechnya, omwe adutsa zaka khumi ndi theka zachiwawa komanso nkhondo ziwiri. Ku Dagestan, mwa anthu aku Russia aku 165,000, opitilira 100,000 adatsalira, ndikuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa anthu. Ku Ingushetia yaying'ono, pali pafupifupi theka la anthu aku Russia. Gawo la anthu aku Russia latsika poyerekeza ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero ku Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia ndi North Ossetia (pano pang'ono). M'mayiko a Transcaucasian, kuchuluka kwa anthu aku Russia kwatsika kangapo: kanayi ku Armenia, katatu ku Azerbaijan ndi 13 (!) Times ku Georgia.
12. Ngakhale District North Caucasian Federal ili 7th yokha pakati pa zigawo zisanu ndi zinayi za feduro ku Russia potengera kuchuluka kwa anthu, imadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwake. Malinga ndi chizindikiro ichi, chigawo cha North Caucasus chimangotsika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi Central, chomwe chimaphatikizapo Moscow yayikulu. M'chigawo chapakati, kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi anthu 60 pa km2, ndi ku North Caucasus - anthu 54 pa km2... Chithunzichi chimafanana kumadera. Ingushetia, Chechnya ndi North Ossetia - Alania ali pakati pa 5 mpaka 7 pamndandanda wazigawo, kumbuyo kwa Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sevastopol ndi dera la Moscow lokha. Kabardino-Balkaria ili pamalo a 10, ndipo Dagestan ili pa 13.
13. Armenia si kwawo kwawo kwa ma apurikoti, koma zipatso zokoma zidabwera ku Europe kuchokera ku dziko la Transcaucasian. Malinga ndi mtundu wapadziko lonse lapansi, apurikoti amatchedwa Prunus armeniaca Lin. Ku Caucasus, chipatsochi chimanyozedwa kwambiri - mtengo ndiwodzichepetsa kwambiri, umakula kulikonse, ndipo nthawi zonse umabala zipatso zochuluka. Zogulitsidwazo ndizofunika kwambiri: ma apurikoti owuma, ma apurikoti, alani, zipatso zotsekemera ndi ma marzipan.
14. Ossetians anali anthu olimba mtima kwambiri mu Soviet Union panthawi ya Great Patriotic War. Oimira 33 a anthu aku Caucasus adapatsidwa ulemu wa Hero of the Soviet Union. Chiwerengerochi chikuwoneka chochepa, koma poganizira kuchuluka kwa anthu ochepa, zikutanthauza kuti mwa ma 11 Ossetian onse, kuphatikiza okalamba, amayi ndi ana, Hero imodzi ya Soviet Union idatulukira. A Kabardian ali ndi ngwazi imodzi kwa anthu 23,500, pomwe aku Armenia ndi aku Georgia ali ndi munthu yemweyo. Azerbaijan ali nawo kawiri.
15. Ku Abkhazia ndi madera ena a Transcaucasia, anthu ambiri amayembekeza Lachitatu ndi mpweya. Ndi Lachitatu pomwe oitanira anthu ku zikondwerero zosiyanasiyana amatumizidwa. Wolandira pempholo ali ndi ufulu wonse wosankha kupita kuchikondwererocho kapena ayi. Koma mulimonsemo, akuyenera kutumiza ndalama "ngati mphatso". Mlingowu wakhazikitsidwa malinga ndi mphindi yapano. Mwachitsanzo, paukwati muyenera kupereka ma ruble 5,000 ndi malipiro apakati pa 10-15,000.
16. Kupanga banja pakati pa anthu ang'onoang'ono aku Caucasus nthawi zambiri sikungafanane ndi kufunafuna kwakutali, koma kovuta kwambiri. Ndikofunikira nthawi yomweyo kupewa banja lomwe likugwirizana kwambiri, lodzala ndi zovuta zamtundu, komanso osavomereza alendo osawadziwa. Vutoli limathetsedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ku Abkhazia, atakumana, achinyamata amasinthana mndandanda wamaina a agogo asanu. Osachepera dzina limodzi lidagwirizana - ubale umatha usadayambe. Ku Ingushetia, abale ochokera mbali zonse amatenga nawo mbali pokonzekera ukwati. Mbadwa ya mnzake wamtsogolo imagwiridwa mosamala, kuthekera kwakuthupi kwa mkwatibwi kubereka ndikubereka mwana ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuyendetsa banja kuyesedwa.
17. Kunja kwa Armenia, Armenia amakhala ndi Ayuda omwewo kunja kwa Israeli - pafupifupi anthu 8 miliyoni. Nthawi yomweyo, anthu aku Armenia palokha ndi anthu 3 miliyoni. Khalidwe labwino kwambiri la aku Armenia limachokera kukula kwa ma diaspora. Aliyense wa iwo m'mphindi zochepa amatha kutsimikizira kuti uyu kapena munthuyo ali ndi mizu yakutali yaku Armenia. Ngati munthu waku Russia, akumva mawu ngati "Russia ndiye kwawo kwa njovu!" ngati amwetulira momvetsetsa, ndiye kuti zomwe zikuchitika ku Armenia zidzatsimikiziridwa mwachangu (malinga ndi Armenia) mothandizidwa ndi kafukufuku wazing'ono.
18. Mbiri yakale yodziwika bwino ya anthu aku Caucasus idakali ndi magawo ake. Mwachitsanzo, ku Georgia, ndiwonyadira kuti Argonauts adapita paubweya wawo ku Colchis, womwe uli m'dera la Georgia wamakono. Anthu a ku Georgia amakondanso kutsindika kuti anthu awo, komabe, amatchulidwa, m'Baibulo lenilenilo. Pa nthawi yomweyi, akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale amatsimikizira kuti anthu amakhala m'dera la Dagestan zaka 2.2 miliyoni zapitazo. M'misasa ina ya anthu akale a ku Dagestan, moto unasungidwa pamalo amodzi kwazaka zambiri mpaka anthu ataphunzira momwe angazipezere okha.
19. Azerbaijan ndi dziko lapadera potengera nyengo. Ngati alendo okhala m'malo atafufuza nyengo yadziko lapansi, atha kuchita ndi Azerbaijan. Pali madera 9 mwa nyengo 11 mdziko muno. Kutentha kwapakati pa Julayi kuyambira + 28 ° C mpaka -1 ° C, ndipo kutentha kwa Januware kumakhala pakati pa + 5 ° C mpaka -22 ° C. Koma kutentha kwapakati pachaka mdziko lino la Transcaucasian kumabwereza kutentha kwapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo ndi + 14.2 ° C.
20. Cognac weniweni waku Armenia ndiye chimodzi mwazakumwa zabwino kwambiri zakumwa zoledzeretsa zomwe zimapangidwa padziko lapansi. Komabe, nkhani zambiri zonena za momwe anthu otchuka amakonda brandy yaku Armenia ndizopeka. Nkhani yofala kwambiri ndikuti tsiku la Prime Minister angapo waku Britain a Winston Churchill silinali lokwanira popanda botolo la brandy wazaka 10 waku Armenia "Dvin". Cognac, mwalamulo la Stalin, adatengedwa ku Armenia ndi ndege zapadera. Kuphatikiza apo, chaka chimodzi asanamwalire, a Churchill azaka 89 akuti adatcha brandy yaku Armenia ngati chimodzi mwazifukwa zakukhalitsa kwake. Ndipo pamene Markar Sedrakyan, yemwe anali woyang'anira ntchito yopanga ma brandy a ku Armenia, anazunzidwa, Churchill nthawi yomweyo anamva kusintha kwa kukoma. Atadandaula kwa Stalin, ambuye a cognac adamasulidwa, ndipo kukoma kwake kwabwino kudabwerera ku "Dvin". M'malo mwake, Sadrakyan "adaponderezedwa" ku Odessa kwa chaka chimodzi kuti akhazikitse kupanga ya cognac.Stalin anachitiradi zabwino mnzake mu mgwirizano wa Anti-Hitler ndi brandy waku Armenia, koma sanawapatseko imfa yawo. Ndipo chakumwa chomwe Churchill amakonda kwambiri, potengera zolemba zake, anali Hine brandy.
