Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky (1892 - 1968) adakhala wolemba mabuku achi Russia nthawi yayitali. Ntchito zake zidaphatikizidwa m'maphunziro azamaphunziro pasukulu monga zitsanzo za malo owonekera. Mabuku, zolemba zakale komanso nkhani zazifupi za Paustovsky zidatchuka kwambiri ku Soviet Union ndipo zidamasuliridwa m'zilankhulo zambiri zakunja. Ntchito zopitilira khumi ndi ziwiri za wolemba zidasindikizidwa ku France kokha. Mu 1963, malinga ndi kafukufuku wina wa nyuzipepala, K. Paustovsky adadziwika kuti ndi wolemba wotchuka kwambiri ku USSR.
M'badwo wa Paustovsky wapambana chisankho chovuta kwambiri chachilengedwe. M'mazisinthidwe atatu ndi nkhondo ziwiri, okhawo mwamphamvu kwambiri komanso mwamphamvu ndi omwe adapulumuka. M'buku lake la Tale of Life, wolemba, titero kunena kwake, mwamwayi, komanso ngati wachisoni, alemba zakuphedwa, njala ndi zovuta zapakhomo. Anapereka masamba awiri okha kuti ayesedwe kuphedwa ku Kiev. Kale m'mikhalidwe yotere, zikuwoneka, palibe nyimbo ndi zokongola zachilengedwe.
Komabe, Paustovsky adawona ndikuyamikira kukongola kwa chilengedwe kuyambira ali mwana. Ndipo popeza anali atadziwa kale ku Central Russia, adayamba kukonda moyo wake. Pali akatswiri owerengera malo m'mbiri yazolemba zaku Russia, koma kwa ambiri a malowa ndi njira yokhayo yopezera malingaliro owerenga. Malo a Paustovsky ndi odziyimira pawokha, momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira moyo wawo.
Mu yonena za K.G. Paustovsky pali chimodzi chokha, koma chodabwitsa kwambiri - kusakhala ndi mphotho. Wolembayo adasindikizidwa mofunitsitsa, adapatsidwa Mphotho ya Lenin, koma Paustovsky sanalandire mphotho ya Lenin, Stalin, kapena State. N'zovuta kufotokoza izi ndi chizunzo cha malingaliro - olemba amakhala pafupi omwe amakakamizidwa kuti amasulire kuti apeze chidutswa cha mkate. Luso ndi kutchuka kwa Paustovsky kunadziwika ndi aliyense. Mwina ndichifukwa chaulemu wodabwitsa wa wolemba. Writers 'Union inali idakali dziwe losambira. Zinali zofunikira kupanga chiwembu, kulowa m'magulu ena, kukhala pa wina, kukopa wina, zomwe zinali zosavomerezeka kwa Konstantin Georgievich. Komabe, sanadandaulepo chilichonse. Mu kuyimba koona kwa wolemba, Paustovsky adalemba, "palibe njira zabodza, kapena kudziwitsa modzikuza wolemba za udindo wake wokha."
Marlene Dietrich anapsompsona manja a wolemba yemwe amamukonda
1. K. Paustovsky anabadwira m'banja la akatswiri owerengera njanji ku Moscow. Mnyamatayo ali ndi zaka 6, banja lake linasamukira ku Kiev. Kenako, pawokha, Paustovsky anayenda pafupifupi kumwera konse kwa Russia nthawi imeneyo: Odessa, Batumi, Bryansk, Taganrog, Yuzovka, Sukhumi, Tbilisi, Yerevan, Baku ndipo adapita ku Persia.
Moscow kumapeto kwa zaka za 19th
2. Mu 1923 Paustovsky pamapeto pake adakhazikika ku Moscow - Ruvim Fraerman, yemwe adakumana naye ku Batumi, adapeza ntchito ngati mkonzi ku ROSTA (Russian Telegraph Agency, yomwe idatsogola TASS), ndikuyika mawu kwa mnzake. Sewero lodzetsa nthabwala limodzi "A Day in Growth", lolembedwa akugwira ntchito ngati mkonzi, liyenera kuti linali loyambirira la Paustovsky pamasewera.
Reuben Fraerman sanangolemba "Wild Dog Dingo", komanso adabweretsa Paustovsky ku Moscow
3. Paustovsky anali ndi abale awiri, omwe adamwalira tsiku lomwelo kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse, ndi mlongo. Paustovsky nayenso adayendera kutsogolo - adakhala wodekha, koma abale ake atamwalira adachotsedwa ntchito.
4. Mu 1906, banja la Paustovsky linatha. Abambo anga adakangana ndi mabwana awo, adayamba ngongole ndipo adathawa. Banja limakhala pogulitsa zinthu, koma gwero la ndalama ili nawonso lidauma - malowa adanenedwa ngati ngongole. Abambo adapatsa mwana wawo mwachinsinsi kalata yomwe adamulimbikitsa kuti akhale wolimba komanso kuti asayese kumvetsetsa zomwe samamvetsetsa.
5. Ntchito yoyamba yosindikizidwa ya Paustovsky inali nkhani yofalitsidwa m'magazini ya Kiev "Knight".
6. Pamene Kostya Paustovsky anali m'kalasi lomaliza la sukulu yochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi ku Kiev, adangofika zaka 100. Pamwambowu, a Nicholas II adapita ku sukulu yochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi. Anagwirana chanza ndi Konstantin, yemwe anali ataimirira mbali yakumanzere kwa mapangidwe ake, ndipo adafunsa dzina lake. Paustovsky analiponso kubwaloli usiku womwewo, pomwe Stolypin anaphedwa kumeneko pamaso pa Nikolai.
7. Zopindulitsa za Paustovsky zinayamba ndi maphunziro omwe adapereka ngati wophunzira kusekondale. Ankagwiranso ntchito ngati woyendetsa komanso woyendetsa sitima yamagetsi, wopeza zipolopolo, wothandizira asodzi, wowerenga zowerengera, komanso mtolankhani.
8. Mu Okutobala 1917, Paustovsky wazaka 25 anali ku Moscow. Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyi, iye ndi anthu ena okhala mnyumba mwake mkatikati mwa mzindawo adakhala mchipinda chosamalira. Konstantin atafika kunyumba kwake kuti agwire zinyenyeswazi, adagwidwa ndi anthu osintha zinthu. Mtsogoleri wawo yekha, yemwe adamuwona Paustovsky mnyumba dzulo lake, ndi amene adapulumutsa mnyamatayo kuti asawombedwe.
9. Mlangizi woyamba wamaphunziro ndi mlangizi wa Paustovsky anali Isaac Babel. Zinali kuchokera kwa iye kuti Paustovsky mopanda chifundo "kufinya" mawu osafunikira ochokera m'malembawo. Babel nthawi yomweyo analemba mwachidule, ngati kuti ali ndi nkhwangwa, kudula mawu, kenako ndikuvutika kwa nthawi yayitali, kuchotsa zosafunikira. Paustovsky, ndi ndakatulo yake, zidapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kufupikitsa mawuwo.
Isaac Babel adatchedwa kuti knight knight wa mabuku chifukwa chokomera mwachidule
10. Nkhani yoyamba yolembedwa ndi wolemba "Zombo Zotsalira" idasindikizidwa mu 1928. Buku loyamba "Shining Clouds" - mu 1929. Zonse pamodzi, ntchito zingapo zidasindikizidwa ndi K. Paustovsky. Ntchito zathunthu zimasindikizidwa m'mabuku 9.
11. Paustovsky anali wokonda kwambiri nsomba ndipo anali katswiri wodziwa kusodza ndi chilichonse chokhudzana nacho. Ankaonedwa ngati msodzi woyamba mwa olemba, ndipo asodzi adazindikira kuti ndi wolemba wachiwiri pakati pa asodzi pambuyo pa Sergei Aksakov. Kamodzi Konstantin Georgievich adayendayenda mozungulira Meshchera ndi ndodo yayitali kwa nthawi yayitali - sanalume paliponse, ngakhale pomwe, malinga ndi zizindikilo zonse, panali nsomba. Mwadzidzidzi, wolemba anapeza kuti asodzi ambiri anali atakhala mozungulira nyanja ina yaying'ono. Paustovsky sanakonde kusokoneza ntchitoyi, koma sanathe kulimbana nanena kuti sipangakhale nsomba m'nyanjayi. Adasekedwa - nsomba iyenera kukhala pano, adalemba
Paustovsky yekha
12. K. Paustovsky analemba ndi dzanja lokha. Kuphatikiza apo, sanachite izi chifukwa cha chizolowezi chakale, koma chifukwa amawona kuti luso ndizofunika kwambiri, ndipo makina ake anali ngati mboni kapena mkhalapakati. Alembi adasindikizanso pamanja. Nthawi yomweyo, Paustovsky analemba mwachangu kwambiri - buku lolimba la nkhani "Colchis" lidalembedwa mwezi umodzi wokha. Atafunsidwa muofesi ya nyuzipepala kuti wolembawo agwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji, nthawi iyi imawoneka ngati yopanda ulemu, ndipo adayankha kuti adagwira ntchito miyezi isanu.
13. Ku Literary Institute, nkhondo itangotha, masemina a Paustovsky adachitika - adalemba gulu la asitikali apitawo dzulo kapena omwe anali mgwirira ntchito. Gulu ili la olemba otchuka adatuluka pagulu ili: Yuri Trifonov, Vladimir Tendryakov, Yuri Bondarev, Grigory Baklanov, ndi ena ambiri. etc. Malinga ndi zomwe ophunzira amakumbukira, Konstantin Georgievich anali woyang'anira woyenera. Achinyamata atayamba kukambirana zachiwawa za ntchito za anzawo, sanasokoneze zokambiranazo, ngakhale kuti kutsutsako kunakula kwambiri. Koma wolemba kapena anzawo akamangomudzudzula atakhala payekha, zokambiranazo zidasokonekera popanda chisoni, ndipo wolakwayo amatha kusiya omvera mosavuta.
14. Wolemba amakonda kwambiri dongosolo mu mawonetseredwe ake onse. Amakonda kuvala bwino, nthawi zina ndimavalidwe enaake. Dongosolo langwiro limalamulira nthawi zonse pantchito yake ndi m'nyumba mwake. Mnzake wa Paustovsky adatsiriza kukhala m'nyumba yake yatsopano m'nyumba ina ya Kotelnicheskaya patsiku lakusamuka. Mipandoyo inali itakonzedwa kale, koma mulu waukulu wa mapepala unali pakati pa chipinda chimodzi. Tsiku lotsatira, mchipinda momwemo munali makabati apadera, ndipo mapepala onse adalandidwa ndikusanjidwa. Ngakhale mzaka zomaliza za moyo wake, pomwe Konstantin Georgievich adadwala kwambiri, nthawi zonse amapita kwa anthu ometa.
15. K. Paustovsky adawerenga mokweza ntchito zake zonse, makamaka kwa iye kapena kwa abale ake. Kuphatikiza apo, adawerenga pafupifupi popanda mawu, m'malo mopupuluma komanso mopupuluma, mpaka kumachedwetsa malo ofunikira. Chifukwa chake, sanakonde kuwerenga kwa ntchito zake mwa ochita pawailesi. Ndipo wolemba sakanatha kuyimitsa kukwezedwa kwa zisudzo konse.
16. Paustovsky anali wolemba nkhani wabwino kwambiri. Ambiri mwa omwe amamudziwa omwe amamvera nkhani zake pambuyo pake adadandaula kuti sanawalembere. Amayembekezera kuti posachedwa Konstantin Georgievich adzawasindikiza posindikiza. Zina mwa nthanozi (Paustovsky sanatsimikizire kuti ndi zowona) zidachitikadi m'mabuku a wolemba. Komabe, ntchito zambiri zamlomo za Konstantin Georgievich zidatayika mosayembekezereka.
17. Wolemba sanasunge zolemba zake, makamaka zoyambirira. Pamene m'modzi wa mafaniwa okhudzana ndi kufalitsa komwe kudakonzedwa mgulu lotsatira adapeza zolemba pamanja za imodzi ya malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, Paustovsky adawerenganso mosamala ntchito yake ndikukana kuyiphatikiza pamsonkhanowu. Nkhaniyo idawoneka yofooka kwambiri kwa iye.
18. Pambuyo pa chochitika china kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yake, Paustovsky sanagwirizanepo ndi opanga mafilimu. Ataganiza zojambula "Kara-Bugaz", opanga mafilimu adasokoneza tanthauzo la nkhaniyi ndikulowetsa kwawo kotero kuti wolemba adachita mantha. Mwamwayi, chifukwa cha zovuta zina, kanemayo sanafike pazowonekera. Kuyambira pamenepo, Paustovsky wakana mwamakanema kusintha kwamakanema amachitidwe ake.
19. Opanga mafilimu, komabe, sanakhumudwe ndi Paustovsky, ndipo pakati pawo anali ndi ulemu waukulu. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1930 Paustovsky ndi Lev Kassil atamva za vuto la Arkady Gaidar, adaganiza zomuthandiza. Pofika nthawiyo Gaidar anali asanalandire ndalama za mabuku ake. Njira yokhayo yomwe ingathandizire kuti athandize mwachangu komanso mozama momwe chuma cha wolemba chidaliri ndikujambula ntchito yake. Director Alexander Razumny adayankha kuyitanidwa kwa Paustovsky ndi Kassil. Adalamula Gaidar kuti alembe ndikuwongolera kanema "Timur ndi Gulu Lake". Gaidar adalandira ndalama ngati wolemba, kenako adalemba buku lomweli, lomwe pamapeto pake linathetsa mavuto ake azakuthupi.
Kusodza ndi A. Gaidar
20. Ubale wa Paustovsky ndi bwaloli sunali wovuta ngati kanema, koma ndizovuta kuwatcha abwino. Konstantin Georgievich adalemba sewero lonena za Pushkin (Wathu Wamakono) wolamulidwa ndi Maly Theatre mu 1948 m'malo mwachangu. Masewerowa anali opambana, koma Paustovsky sanakondwere ndi kuti wotsogolera amayesetsa kupanga zokolola kukhala zowopsa kuwononga kuwonetsa kozama kwa otchulidwa.
21. Wolemba anali ndi akazi atatu. Ndi woyamba, Catherine, adakumana mu sitima yamagalimoto. Iwo anakwatirana mu 1916, anathetsa banja mu 1936, pamene Paustovsky anakumana ndi Valeria, amene anakhala mkazi wake wachiwiri. Mwana wamwamuna wa Paustovsky kuchokera m'banja lake loyamba, Vadim adapereka moyo wake wonse kusonkhanitsa ndi kusunga zinthu zokhudza abambo ake, zomwe pambuyo pake adazisamutsira ku K. Paustovsky Museum Center. Ukwati ndi Valeria, womwe unatenga zaka 14, unalibe mwana. Mkazi wachitatu wa Konstantin Georgievich anali wojambula wotchuka Tatyana Arbuzova, yemwe ankasamalira wolemba mpaka imfa yake. Mwana wamwamuna waukwatiwu, Alexei, adakhala zaka 26 zokha, ndipo mwana wamkazi wa Arbuzova Galina amagwira ntchito yosunga Writer's House-Museum ku Tarusa.
Ndili ndi Catherine
Ndi Tatiana Arbuzova
22. Konstantin Paustovsky adamwalira ku Moscow pa Julayi 14, 1968 ku Moscow. Zaka zomaliza za moyo wake zinali zovuta kwambiri. Anali atadwala matenda a mphumu kwa nthawi yayitali, omwe amamugwiritsa ntchito pomenya nkhondo mothandizidwa ndi opumira ma hand-hand. Kuphatikiza apo, mtima wanga unayamba kukhala wosamvera - matenda atatu amtima komanso ziwopsezo zochepa. Komabe, mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake, wolemba adakhalabe pagulu, ndikupitilizabe ntchito yake ngati kuli kotheka.
23. Chikondi chadziko lonse cha Paustovsky sichinawonetsedwe ndi mamiliyoni a mabuku ake, osati mizere yolembetsera momwe anthu adayimilira usiku (inde, mizere yotereyi sinkawoneka ndi ma iPhones), ndipo osati mphotho za boma (Malamulo awiri a Red Banner of Labor ndi Order of Lenin). Mtauni yaying'ono ya Tarusa, momwe Paustovsky adakhala zaka zambiri, makumi, kapena mazana mazana a anthu adabwera kudzawona wolemba wamkulu paulendo wake womaliza.
24. Omwe amatchedwa "demokalase anzeru" atamwalira a K. Paustovsky adadzuka kuti adzipange kukhala chithunzi cha thaw. Malinga ndi katekisimu ya "thaw" otsatira, kuyambira pa 14 February 1966 mpaka pa 21 Juni 1968, wolembayo adangogwira ntchito yosayina mitundu yonse ya zopempha, zopempha, maumboni ndi zolembera. Paustovsky, yemwe adadwala matenda amtima katatu, akudwala mphumu yayikulu mzaka ziwiri zapitazi za moyo wake, adayamba kuda nkhawa za nyumba ya A. Solzhenitsyn ku Moscow - - Paustovsky adasaina pempho lanyumba yotere. Kuphatikiza apo, woyimba wamkulu wazikhalidwe zaku Russia adalongosola bwino za ntchito za A. Sinyavsky ndi Y.Daniel. Konstantin Georgievich analinso ndi nkhawa kwambiri zakubwezeretsanso kwa Stalin (kusaina "Kalata 25"). Ankadanso nkhawa zakusungira malo oyang'anira wamkulu wa Taganka Theatre, Y. Lyubimov. Mwa izi zonse, boma la Soviet silinamupatse mphotho zawo ndipo linatseka mphotho ya Nobel Prize. Zonsezi zikuwoneka zomveka bwino, koma pali zosokoneza zenizeni: Olemba aku Poland adasankha Paustovsky pa Mphoto ya Nobel kubwerera ku 1964, ndipo mphotho zaku Soviet Union zikadapatsidwa kale. Koma kwa iwo, mwachidziwikire, anzeru anzawo anapezeka. Koposa zonse, "kusaina" uku kumawoneka ngati kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya munthu amene akudwala mwakayakaya - sangamuchitire chilichonse, ndipo kumadzulo siginecha ya wolemba inali yolemera.
25. Moyo wosamukasamuka wa K. Paustovsky unasiya chizindikiro pakupitilira kwa kukumbukira kwake. Nyumba zakale za wolemba zimagwira ku Moscow, Kiev, Crimea, Tarusa, Odessa ndi mudzi wa Solotcha m'chigawo cha Ryazan, komwe amakhalanso ndi Paustovsky. Zikumbutso za wolemba zamangidwa ku Odessa ndi Tarusa. Mu 2017, chikondwerero cha 125th chobadwa kwa K. Paustovsky adakondwerera, zochitika zoposa 100 zidachitika ku Russia.
Nyumba-Museum ya K. Paustovsky ku Tarusa
Chipilala ku Odessa. Njira zouluka zamaganizidwe opanga ndizosasanthulika
