Ngakhale kuti amphibiyani amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi, ndi amodzi mwamitundu ingapo yosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu. Kodi ndizomwe zili m'malo otentha (komanso mmaiko ena aku Europe, omwe nzika zake zimatchedwa "achule" chifukwa chololedwa ndi miyendo ya chule), mitundu ina ya amphibiya imadyedwa, ndipo akatswiri azamoyo amakondanso kuyesa amphibiya. Kwenikweni, amphibiya ndi anthu amakhala okha ndipo samadutsana kawirikawiri.
Kuperewera kwa chidwi chamunthu mwa iwo sizimapangitsa ma amphibiya kukhala osangalatsa. Amphibians ali ndi makhalidwe awo, ena a iwo ndi osangalatsa kwambiri. Mumasankhidwe omwe ali pansipa - mano osatafunidwa, chule ngati firiji, timizere tozizira, ma salamanders osapsa moto ndi zina zosangalatsa.
1. Onse amphibiyani ndi nyama zolusa. Ngakhale mphutsi zawo zimadya chakudya chazomera akadali achichepere, ndikusintha kuti zikhale chakudya. Zachidziwikire, izi sizichokera ku mtundu wina wa ludzu lobadwa nawo, kulibe m'chilengedwe. Thupi la amphibians, kagayidwe kameneka ndi kaulesi kwambiri, chifukwa chake amatha kukhala ndi chakudya chambiri chambiri. Osapewa amphibiya komanso kudya anzawo.
2. Mano omwe nyama zina za m'madzi zili nawo sanapangire kutafuna nyama. Ndi chida chogwirira ndikuchigwira. Amphibians amameza chakudya chonse.
3. Mwamtheradi amphibiya onse ndiwosakhazikika. Chifukwa chake, kutentha kozungulira kumathandiza kwambiri kuti apulumuke.
4. Moyo wa amphibiya umayambira m'madzi, koma zambiri zimachitika pamtunda. Pali amphibiya omwe amakhala m'malo am'madzi okhaokha, koma palibe zosiyana, pali mitundu yokhayo yomwe imangokhala pamitengo m'nkhalango zowirira. Chifukwa chake "amphibians" ndi dzina lolondola modabwitsa.
5. Komabe, ngakhale atakhala nthawi yayitali kumtunda, amphibian amakakamizidwa kubwerera kumadzi. Khungu lawo limalola madzi kudutsa, ndipo ngati silinakidwe bwino, nyamayo imafa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa madzi. Mwa iwo okha, amphibian amatha kutulutsa mamina kuti anyowetse khungu, koma zofunikira za zamoyo zawo, zowonadi, zilibe malire.
6. Kukhazikika kwa khungu, komwe kumapangitsa amphibiya kukhala osatetezeka kwambiri, kumawathandiza kupuma bwino. Ali ndi mapapo ofooka kwambiri, motero mpweya wina womwe amafunikira umalowetsedwa m'thupi kudzera pakhungu.
7. Chiwerengero cha mitundu ya amphibiya sichimafika ngakhale 8 zikwi (makamaka, pali pafupifupi 7 700), zomwe ndizocheperako pagulu lonse lamoyo. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, amphibian ndi ofunika kwambiri pa chilengedwe ndipo samasinthasintha kusintha kwake. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri azachilengedwe amakhulupirira kuti gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu amitundu ya amphibian ali pachiwopsezo chotha.
8. Amphibians ndiye gulu lokhalo lazinthu zomwe zimakhala padziko lapansi zomwe ana awo pakukula kwawo amadutsa gawo lapadera - kusintha kwa thupi. Ndiye kuti, sichifanizo chochepa cha cholengedwa chachikulu chomwe chimachokera ku mphutsi, koma chamoyo china, chomwe chimasanduka munthu wamkulu. Mwachitsanzo, tadpoles ndi achule panthawi yomwe amasintha. Palibe gawo la kusintha kwa zinthu pakukula kwa zamoyo zovuta kwambiri.
9. Amphibians amachokera ku nsomba zokhala ndi zikhomo. Adafika pamtunda pafupifupi zaka 400 miliyoni zapitazo, ndipo zaka 80 miliyoni zapitazo adalamulira nyama zonse. Mpaka pomwe ma dinosaurs adawonekera ...
10. Zifukwa za kupezeka kwa nyama zakuthambo zidafotokozedweratu mwabodza. Amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa mapiri padziko lapansi, kutentha kwamlengalenga kwawonjezeka, komwe kwadzetsa kuphwanya kwamphamvu matupi amadzi. Kuchepetsa chakudya cha anthu okhala m'madzi komanso kuchepa kwa mpweya wa okosijeni zidapangitsa kuti mitundu ina yam'madzi itheretu, ndipo ina idakwanitsa kufika pamtunda.
11. Nyongolotsi zilinso za amphibiya - zolengedwa zachilendo zomwe zimawoneka ngati mtanda pakati pa nyongolotsi ndi njoka. Nyongolotsi zimangokhala kumadera otentha.
12. Achule achuma ndi okwera masamba ndi owopsa kwambiri. M'malo mwake, mamina omwe amatulutsa kuti khungu liziyenda ndi owopsa. Chule imodzi ndiyokwanira kuti Amwenye aku South America apange mivi ingapo yambiri poizoni. Mlingo woopsa wa poizoni kwa wamkulu ndi mamiligalamu awiri.
13. Achule wamba, omwe amapezeka m'matupi am'madzi apakati pa Russia, amatulutsa ntchofu, zomwe zimakhala ndi bakiteriya. Chule amene ali mumkaka wa mkaka si nthano za agogo ndipo si njira yotetezera mkaka kuti asabedwe. Ichi ndi chifaniziro chakale cha firiji - chule chotupa chimapha mabakiteriya a lactic acid ndipo mkaka suwawa nthawi yayitali.
14. Atswale, omwe ndi amphibiya, modabwitsa amapirira. Amasintha ziwalo zonse za thupi lawo, ngakhale maso. Nyongolotsi imatha kuuma mpaka kukhala mayi, koma ngati madzi afika, imatsitsimuka mwachangu kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, nyerere zimaundana mosavuta m'firiji kenako zimasungunuka.
15. Salamanders nawonso ndi amphibians. Amakonda nyengo yotentha, ndipo ngakhale kuzizira pang'ono amatseka pansi pa nthambi, masamba, ndi zina zambiri ndikudikirira nyengo yoipa. Salamanders ndi owopsa, koma poyizoni wawo siowopsa kwa anthu - kuchuluka kwake kumatha kuyambitsa khungu. Komabe, simuyenera kuyesa kuyesa kwanu poyizoni wa salamander.
16. Mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, mfuti zamoto zimayatsa kwambiri pamoto. Kungoti mamina ake pakhungu lake ndi wandiweyani. Amalola amphibian kuti apeze masekondi ochepa amtengo wapatali kuti athawe pamoto. Maonekedwe a dzinali adathandizidwa osati ndi izi zokha, komanso ndi mawonekedwe amoto kumbuyo kwa salamander wamoto.
17. Amphibiya ambiri amadziwa bwino kuyenda pamalopo. Ndipo achule amatha kubwerera kwawo, ngakhale ali kutali.
18. Ngakhale amakhala otsika m'magulu azinyama, ambiri amphibiya amawona bwino, ndipo ena amasiyanitsa mitundu. Koma nyama zotsogola ngati agalu zimawona dziko lonse lakuda ndi loyera.
19. Amphibian amayikira mazira makamaka m'madzi, koma pali mitundu yomwe imanyamula mazira kumbuyo kwawo, mkamwa ngakhale m'mimba.
20. Anthu amodzi amtundu wa salamander amakula mpaka 180 cm, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala amphibiya akulu kwambiri. Ndipo nyama yofewa imapangitsa amphona kukhala nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, nyama yochuluka kwambiri yamtengo wapatali imakhala yamtengo wapatali ku China. Achule amtundu wa Paedophryne amakhala ndi kukula kocheperako pakati pa amphibiya, omwe kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi 7.5 mm.
