Mikhail Vasilevich Petrashevsky (1821-1866) - Waku Russia woganiza komanso wodziwika pagulu, wandale, wazolankhula, womasulira komanso mtolankhani.
Anatenga nawo gawo pamisonkhano yodzipereka ku bungwe lachinsinsi, anali wothandizira kukonzekera kwa nthawi yayitali kwa gulu lankhondo losintha. Mu 1849, Petrashevsky ndi anthu angapo omwe adalumikizana nawo adamangidwa.
Petrashevsky ndi ena 20 adaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe ndi khothi. Mwa anthu 20 awa panali wolemba wamkulu waku Russia Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, yemwe anali membala wa bwalo la Petrashevsky.
Pa biography ya Petrashevsky, pali zambiri zomwe tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Mikhail Petrashevsky.
Wambiri Petrashevsky
Mikhail Petrashevsky adabadwa pa Novembala 1 (13), 1821 ku St. Iye anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja la dokotala ndi khansala wa boma Vasily Mikhailovich, ndi mkazi wake Feodora Dmitrievna.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti nthawi ina Petrashevsky Sr. anali nawo m'gulu la zipatala za kolera komanso polimbana ndi matenda a anthrax. Kuphatikiza apo, iye ndi mlembi wa ntchito yamankhwala yotchedwa "Kufotokozera kwa makina opanga operekera zala zosokonekera."
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pomwe General Mikhail Miloradovich adavulala modetsa nkhaŵa pa Senate Square ndi Decembrist mu 1825, anali abambo a Petrashevsky omwe adaitanidwa kuti adzathandize.
Michael ali ndi zaka 18, anamaliza maphunziro awo ku Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Kenako adapitiliza maphunziro ake ku Yunivesite ya St.Petersburg, posankha Faculty of Law. Patatha zaka 2 maphunziro, mnyamatayo anayamba kutumikira monga womasulira ku Unduna Wachilendo.
Petrashevsky adatenga nawo gawo polemba "Pocket Dictionary ya Mawu Amayiko Ophatikizidwa M'chilankhulo cha Russia". Ndipo ngati kutulutsa koyamba kwa bukuli kudasinthidwa ndi Valeria Maikov, wolemba mabuku waku Russia komanso wolemba nkhani, ndiye kuti Mikhail yekha ndiye anali mkonzi wa nkhani yachiwiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, Petrashevsky adakhala mlembi wazambiri zopeka. Zolemba mudikishonale zidalimbikitsa malingaliro a demokalase komanso okonda chuma, komanso malingaliro azachikhalidwe.
Petrashevsky bwalo
Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1840, misonkhano inkachitika sabata iliyonse m'nyumba ya Mikhail Vasilyevich, yomwe inkatchedwa "Lachisanu". Misonkhanoyi, pamakhala nkhani zosiyanasiyana.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mulaibulale ya Petrashevsky munali mabuku ambiri oletsedwa ku Russia pachikhalidwe cha anthu komanso mbiriyakale yazandale. Anali othandizira demokalase komanso analimbikitsa kumasulidwa kwa alimi okhala ndi ziwembu za nthaka.
Mikhail Petrashevsky anali wotsatira wa wafilosofi wachifalansa komanso katswiri wazachikhalidwe cha anthu Charles Fourier. Mwa njira, Fourier anali m'modzi mwa oimira utopian socialism, komanso wolemba malingaliro ngati "feminism".
Pamene Petrashevsky anali pafupi zaka 27, adatenga nawo gawo pamisonkhano pomwe kukambirana zamabungwe achinsinsi kumakambidwa. Pofika nthawi ya mbiri yake, anali ndi chidziwitso chake momwe Russia iyenera kukhalira.
Kumangidwa ndi kuthamangitsidwa
Michael adayitanitsa anthu kuti achite nkhondo yolimbana ndi boma lomwe lilipo. Izi zidapangitsa kuti pa Disembala 22, 1849, adamangidwa pamodzi ndi anthu angapo ofanana nawo. Zotsatira zake, khotilo linagamula kuti a Petrashevsky ndi ena osintha ena 20 aphedwe.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pakati pa omwe adaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe panali wolemba wachichepere waku Russia Fyodor Dostoevsky, yemwe amadziwika kale panthawiyo, yemwe anali ndi malingaliro a Mikhail Petrashevsky ndipo anali membala wa bwalo la Petrashevsky.
Pamene omenyera ufulu wozungulira a Petrashevsky adabweretsedwa komwe adaphedwa ndipo adakwanitsa kuwerenga mlanduwo, mosayembekezeka kwa aliyense, chilango chonyongedwa chidasinthidwa ndikugwira ntchito molimbika kwamuyaya.
M'malo mwake, ngakhale mlanduwo usanayambe, asitikali anadziwa kuti sayenera kuwombera zigawenga, zomwe omaliza sanadziwe. M'modzi mwa omwe anaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe, Nikolai Grigoriev, adachita misala. Malingaliro omwe Dostoevsky adakumana nawo madzulo a kuphedwa kwake adawonetsedwa m'buku lake lotchuka la Idiot.
Zonsezi zitachitika, Mikhail Petrashevsky adatengedwa ukapolo kupita ku Eastern Siberia. Bwanamkubwa wa M'deralo Bernhard Struve, yemwe amalumikizana ndi wosinthayo, sananene ndemanga zosiririka za iye. Anati Petrashevsky anali wonyada komanso wopanda pake yemwe amafuna kukhala wowonekera.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1850, Mikhail Vasilyevich adakhazikika ku Irkutsk ngati wokhala kudziko lina. Apa adagwirizana ndi zofalitsa zakomweko ndipo anali kuchita nawo ntchito zophunzitsa.
Pa mbiri ya 1860-1864. Petrashevsky amakhala ku Krasnoyarsk, komwe adachita chidwi ndi duma wamzindawu. Mu 1860, bambo wina adayambitsa nyuzipepala ya Amur. M'chaka chomwecho adathamangitsidwa kumudzi wa Shushenskoye (Minusinsky District), chifukwa chodzudzula ankhanza a akuluakulu amderalo, ndipo pambuyo pake kupita kumudzi wa Kebezh.
Imfa
Malo omaliza okhala woganiza anali mudzi wa Belskoe (chigawo cha Yenisei). Anali pamalo ano pa May 2, 1866, Mikhail Petrashevsky atamwalira. Adamwalira ndi matenda otaya magazi muubongo ali ndi zaka 45.
Zithunzi za Petrashevsky
