Mapiri a Himalaya amaonedwa kuti ndi mapiri apamwamba kwambiri komanso osamvetsetseka padziko lapansi. Dzinalo lingatanthauzidwe kuchokera ku Sanskrit ngati "dziko lachisanu". Ma Himalaya amakhala olekanitsa pakati pa South ndi Central Asia. Ahindu amawona malo awo ngati malo opatulika. Nthano zambiri zimati nsonga za mapiri a Himalaya zinali malo okhala mulungu Shiva, mkazi wake Devi ndi mwana wawo wamkazi Himavata. Malinga ndi zikhulupiriro zakale, malo okhala milungu adabweretsa mitsinje itatu yayikulu yaku Asia - Indu, Ganges, Brahmaputra.
Chiyambi cha Himalaya
Zinatenga magawo angapo poyambira ndikukula kwa mapiri a Himalaya, omwe adatenga pafupifupi zaka 50,000,000. Ofufuza ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kuyamba kwa mapiri a Himalaya kunaperekedwa ndi mbale ziwiri zomwe zinagundana.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti pakadali pano mapiri akupitilizabe kukula, mapangidwe ake. Mbale yaku India imasunthira kumpoto chakum'mawa pamtunda wa masentimita 5 pachaka, kwinaku ikugwira ndi 4 mm. Akatswiri amati kusunthaku kudzatithandizanso kuyanjananso pakati pa India ndi Tibet.
Kuthamanga kwa njirayi ndikofanana ndikukula kwa misomali yaumunthu. Kuphatikiza apo, zochitika zamatanthwe ngati zivomezi nthawi zina zimawonedwa m'mapiri.
Chochititsa chidwi - mapiri a Himalaya amakhala gawo lalikulu padziko lonse lapansi (0.4%). Dera limeneli ndi lalikulu kwambiri mosayerekezeka ndi zinthu zina za m'mapiri.
Ndi makontinenti ati omwe ali Himalaya: zidziwitso zadziko
Alendo omwe akukonzekera ulendo ayenera kudziwa komwe kuli Himalaya. Kumalo awo ndi kontinenti ya Eurasia (gawo lake la ku Asia). Kumpoto, malo oyandikana nawo ndi Chigwa cha Tibetan. Kumbali yakumwera, ntchitoyi idapita ku Indo-Gangetic Plain.
Mapiri a Himalaya amatambasula 2,500 km, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi 350 km. Chigawo chonse cha gulu ndi 650,000 m2.
Mapiri ambiri a Himalaya amakhala ndi mapiri okwera 6 km. Malo okwera kwambiri akuyimiridwa ndi Phiri la Everest, lotchedwanso Chomolungma. Kutalika kwake kwathunthu ndi 8848 m, yomwe ndi mbiri pakati pa mapiri ena padziko lapansi. Geographic coordinates - 27 ° 59'17 "kumpoto latitude, 86 ° 55'31" longitude longitude.
Ma Himalaya amafalikira m'maiko angapo. Osati achi China ndi Ahindu okha, komanso anthu aku Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal ndi Pakistan amatha kunyadira kuyandikira kwa mapiri ataliatali. Magawo a mapiriwa amapezekanso m'maiko ena omwe adatchedwa Soviet Union: Tajikistan imaphatikizapo mapiri akumpoto (Pamir).
Makhalidwe azikhalidwe zachilengedwe
Mkhalidwe wachilengedwe wa mapiri a Himalaya sungatchedwe wofewa komanso wolimba. Nyengo m'derali imasinthasintha pafupipafupi. Madera ambiri ali ndi malo owopsa komanso ozizira pamalo okwera. Ngakhale chilimwe, chisanu chimakhalabe mpaka -25 ° C, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira imakwera -40 ° C. Pa dera lamapiri, mphepo zamkuntho sizachilendo, zomwe zimafikira 150 km / h. M'chilimwe ndi masika, kutentha kwapakati pamlengalenga kumakwera mpaka +30 ° С.
M'mapiri a Himalaya, ndimakonda kusiyanitsa nyengo zinayi. Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni, mapiri amakhala okutidwa ndi zitsamba zakutchire ndi maluwa, ndipo mpweya ndi wabwino komanso wabwino. Kuyambira Julayi mpaka Ogasiti, mvula imagwa m'mapiri, mvula yambiri imagwa. M'miyezi yotentha iyi, malo otsetsereka a mapiri amakhala ndi zomera zobiriwira, ndipo nthawi zambiri nkhungu imawoneka. Nyengo yotentha komanso yabwino imakhala mpaka mwezi wa Novembala, pambuyo pake nyengo yachisanu yozizira komanso yozizira kwambiri imayamba.
Kufotokozera za mbewu
Zomera za Himalaya zimadabwitsa chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwake. Pamalo otsetsereka akummwera chifukwa chamvula yambiri, malamba okwera kwambiri amawoneka bwino, ndipo nkhalango zenizeni (terai) zimamera pansi pamapiri. Mitengo ikuluikulu yamitengo ndi tchire imapezeka yambiri m'malo amenewa. M'malo ena, mipesa yolimba, nsungwi, nthochi zambiri, mitengo ya kanjedza yomwe imakula kwambiri imapezeka. Nthawi zina mutha kufikira masamba omwe cholinga chake ndikulima mbewu zina. Malo awa nthawi zambiri amatsukidwa ndikukhetsedwa ndi anthu.
Kukwera pamwamba pang'ono m'mphepete mwa mapiri, mutha kuthawira m'nkhalango zotentha, zotumphukira, m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, zomwe kumbuyo kwake kuli mapiri okongola a kumapiri. Kumpoto kwa mapiri komanso madera ouma, gawoli limayimiriridwa ndi nkhalango ndi zipululu.
Ku Himalaya, kuli mitengo yomwe imapatsa anthu mitengo yamtengo wapatali komanso utomoni. Apa mutha kufika kumalo komwe dhaka, mitengo yamafuta imakula. Pamtunda wokwera makilomita 4, zomera zambiri ngati ma rhododendrons ndi moss zimapezeka zambiri.
Nyama zakomweko
Mapiri a Himalaya akhala malo achitetezo kwa nyama zambiri zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. Pano mutha kukumana ndi oimira achilengedwe a nyama zakomweko - kambuku wachisanu, chimbalangondo chakuda, ndi nkhandwe zaku Tibet. Kudera lakumwera kwa mapiri, pali zofunikira zonse zokhalira anyalugwe, akambuku ndi zipembere. Oimira kumpoto kwa Himalaya akuphatikizapo yaks, antelopes, mbuzi zamapiri, akavalo amtchire.
Kuphatikiza pa zomera ndi zinyama zolemera kwambiri, mapiri a Himalaya amakhala ndi mchere wambiri. M'malo awa, amatayidwa golide wosalala, mkuwa ndi chrome, mafuta, mchere wamiyala, malasha a bulauni.
Mapaki ndi zigwa
Ku Himalaya, mutha kupita kukaona mapaki ndi zigwa, zambiri zomwe zidatchulidwa kuti UNESCO World Heritage Sites:
- Sagarmatha.
- Nanda Devi.
- Chigwa cha Flower.
Sagarmatha National Park ndi mdera la Nepal. Phiri lalitali kwambiri padziko lapansi, Everest, ndi mapiri ena ataliatali amawerengedwa kuti ndi malo ake apadera.
Nanda Devi Park ndi chuma chachilengedwe ku India, chomwe chili pakatikati pa mapiri a Himalaya. Malo okongola awa ali kumapeto kwa phiri la dzina lomweli, ndipo ali ndi malo opitilira mahekitala 60,000. Kutalika kwa paki pamwamba pa nyanja sikuchepera 3500 m.
Malo okongola kwambiri a Nanda Devi akuyimiridwa ndi matalala akulu kwambiri, Mtsinje wa Rishi Ganga, Nyanja yachinsinsi ya Skeleton, komwe, malinga ndi nthano, zotsalira zambiri za anthu ndi nyama zidapezeka. Anthu ambiri amavomereza kuti kugwa kwadzidzidzi kwa matalala akulu modabwitsa kudaphetsa anthu ambiri.
Flower Valley ili kutali ndi Nanda Devi Park. Apa, pamtunda wa mahekitala pafupifupi 9000, pali mitundu mazana angapo yazomera zokongola. Mitundu yoposa 30 ya zomera yomwe imakongoletsa chigwa cha Indian amaonedwa kuti ili pangozi, ndipo mitundu pafupifupi 50 imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Mbalame zosiyanasiyana zimakhalanso m'malo amenewa. Ambiri mwa iwo amatha kuwoneka mu Red Book.
Akachisi achi Buddha
Himalaya ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha nyumba zawo zachipembedzo zachi Buddha, zomwe zambiri zimapezeka kumadera akutali, ndipo ndizinyumba zosemedwa mwalawo. Ambiri mwa akachisi amakhala ndi mbiri yakale, mpaka zaka 1000, ndipo amakhala ndi moyo "wotsekedwa". Ena mwa nyumba za amonke ndi otseguka kwa aliyense amene akufuna kudziwa za moyo wamonke, zokongoletsa zamkati mwa malo opatulika. Mutha kupanga zithunzi zokongola mwa iwo. Kulowa kudera laling'ono la alendo ndikoletsedwa.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muyang'ane lilime la a Troll.
Nyumba zazikuluzikulu komanso zolemekezeka kwambiri ndizo:
Kachisi wachipembedzo woyang'aniridwa mosamala yemwe amapezeka paliponse ku Himalaya ndi stupa wa Chibuda. Zipilala zachipembedzo izi zidakonzedwa ndi amonke akale polemekeza chochitika chofunikira mu Chibuda, komanso kuti pakhale chitukuko ndi mgwirizano padziko lonse lapansi.
Alendo oyendera mapiri a Himalaya
Nthawi yoyenera kupita ku Himalaya ndi kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi mpaka Seputembara mpaka Okutobala. M'miyezi iyi, tchuthi amatha kudalira nyengo yotentha komanso yotentha, kusowa kwa mvula yambiri komanso mphepo yamphamvu. Kwa okonda masewera a adrenaline, pali malo ogulitsira ski ochepa pano.
M'mapiri a Himalaya, mutha kupeza hotelo ndi malo ogulitsira amitundu yosiyanasiyana. M'nyumba zachipembedzo, pali nyumba zapadera za amwendamnjira ndi olambira azipembedzo zam'deralo - ma ashrams, omwe amakhala mosangalala. Malo okhala malo oterewa ndiotsika mtengo kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala aulere. M'malo mokhala ndi ndalama zokwanira, mlendo atha kupereka zopereka zaufulu kapena kuthandiza banja.